Everything you need for quantum hardware engineering in the field. Curated by Onri Jay Benally, an Indigenous American quantum hardware engineer.
To download a copy of the full Experimental Quantum Hardware Engineering PDF I wrote, click here.
To download a copy of the Nanofabrication Technology for Quantum Chips PDF I wrote, click here.
An extended version of the video playlists is available: Quantum Hardware Engineering
| Click Below To Access School of Quantum - QuTech Academy |
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| School of Quantum |
| Click Below To Access IQM Academy - IQM |
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| IQM Academy |
| Click Below To Access Quantum Chip Gallery - TU Delft |
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| Quantum Integrated Circuits |
| More from the Chip Gallery |
| Insights/Topics |
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| Start with a 3D modeling & linguistics framework, may involve a custom keywords glossary. |
| Know that this specialty involves learning to probe something without necessarily having to physically contact its surface. This is what spectroscopy or "scatterometry" is about. |
| Typically, topics covered under quantum hardware engineering are combinations of materials science & engineering, quantum metrology, quantum transport, quantum optics, & quantum electronic design automation. |
| Know how electronic filters are configured or set up. |
| Know how electronic filters are designed & what they look like. |
| Know what components various filters are made of. |
| Know the difference between passive & active filters. |
| Know the difference between optical, microwave, & radio frequency (RF) isolators, circulators, & mixers. |
| Be aware of different room temperature & cryogenic amplifiers. |
| Know what room temperature & cryogenic amplifiers are made of. |
| Know the different types/hierarchy of amplifier noise (thermal, shot, external, quantum). |
| Know how a signal curve or response is manipulated. |
| Know how signals are triggered. |
| Know what impedance matching is (how many ohms is required). |
| Know how a Smith chart works. |
| Know the many purposes of a resistor (there's a whole list). |
| Know what multiphase power means. |
| Know what a resonator & resonator cavity is. |
| Know what vector network & spectrum analyzers, arbitrary waveform generators, & signal generators do. |
| Know what an oscillator circuit does (voltage fluctuation or AC). |
| Know what an inverter circuit does (DC to AC conversion). |
| Know what a rectifier circuit does (AC to DC conversion). |
| Know what high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop filter circuits/crossover networks do (signal filtering). |
| Know what a comparator circuit does (threshold indicator). |
| Know what a few basic logic gates can do (calculator). |
| Know what a PID [closed-loop] controller does (electronic-based self-balancing). |
| Know what a feed forward [open-loop] controller does (electronic-based self-balancing alternative). |
| Bonus: Know how to build a simple electronic audio amplifier device (it has many components similar to quantum computing systems). |
| Coding Topics |
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| Library installation |
| Syntax & commenting |
| Curve fitting, direct parameterization, & mesh parameterization |
| Automation scripting |
| Data management & data structures |
| Parallel processing & accelerated computing techniques |
| Interpolation & extrapolation |
| Linear regression |
| Signal processing |
| Noise plots |
| Manual debugging |
| Noise Type | Equation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Noise | (P_{\text{thermal}} = k_B T) | Thermal energy per mode due to temperature. |
| (k_B T \ll \hbar \omega) | Mitigation condition: Thermal noise is negligible below the energy splitting. | |
| Phonon Noise | (n_{\text{phonon}} = \frac{1}{e^{\hbar \omega / k_B T} - 1}) | Average number of thermal phonons. |
| (n_{\text{phonon}} \to 0) at low (T) | Mitigation condition: Phonon noise is suppressed as temperature decreases. | |
| Resistive Noise | (S_V = 4 k_B T R) | Voltage noise power spectral density due to resistance. |
| (R = 0) (superconductors) (\Rightarrow S_V = 0) | Mitigation condition: Resistive noise is eliminated in superconducting states. | |
| Blackbody Radiation | (I(\nu, T) = \frac{2 h \nu^3}{c^2} \frac{1}{e^{h \nu / k_B T} - 1}) | Spectral radiance of blackbody radiation. |
| (I(\nu, T) \to 0) at low (T) | Mitigation condition: Blackbody radiation intensity is suppressed at low (T). | |
| Magnetic Noise | (M_T \propto \sqrt{k_B T}) | Thermal magnetization fluctuation. |
| (M_T \to 0) at low (T) | Mitigation condition: Magnetic noise is minimized by reducing temperature. | |
| Quasiparticle Noise | (n_{\text{qp}} \propto e^{-\Delta / k_B T}) | Quasiparticle density decreases exponentially with lower temperature. |
| (n_{\text{qp}} \to 0) at low (T) | Mitigation condition: Quasiparticles are suppressed at ultra-low temperatures. | |
| Vibration-Induced Noise | (F = m a) | Force due to mechanical vibrations. |
| Vibration isolation minimizes (a) | Mitigation strategy: Reduces mechanical noise effects. | |
| Residual Gas Noise | (\lambda = \frac{k_B T}{\sqrt{2} \pi d^2 P}) | Mean free path of gas molecules. |
| (P \to 0) at low (T) | Mitigation condition: Residual gas noise is eliminated as pressure drops. |
