| Thermal Noise |
(P_{\text{thermal}} = k_B T) |
Thermal energy per mode due to temperature. |
|
(k_B T \ll \hbar \omega) |
Mitigation condition: Thermal noise is negligible below the energy splitting. |
| Phonon Noise |
(n_{\text{phonon}} = \frac{1}{e^{\hbar \omega / k_B T} - 1}) |
Average number of thermal phonons. |
|
(n_{\text{phonon}} \to 0) at low (T) |
Mitigation condition: Phonon noise is suppressed as temperature decreases. |
| Resistive Noise |
(S_V = 4 k_B T R) |
Voltage noise power spectral density due to resistance. |
|
(R = 0) (superconductors) (\Rightarrow S_V = 0) |
Mitigation condition: Resistive noise is eliminated in superconducting states. |
| Blackbody Radiation |
(I(\nu, T) = \frac{2 h \nu^3}{c^2} \frac{1}{e^{h \nu / k_B T} - 1}) |
Spectral radiance of blackbody radiation. |
|
(I(\nu, T) \to 0) at low (T) |
Mitigation condition: Blackbody radiation intensity is suppressed at low (T). |
| Magnetic Noise |
(M_T \propto \sqrt{k_B T}) |
Thermal magnetization fluctuation. |
|
(M_T \to 0) at low (T) |
Mitigation condition: Magnetic noise is minimized by reducing temperature. |
| Quasiparticle Noise |
(n_{\text{qp}} \propto e^{-\Delta / k_B T}) |
Quasiparticle density decreases exponentially with lower temperature. |
|
(n_{\text{qp}} \to 0) at low (T) |
Mitigation condition: Quasiparticles are suppressed at ultra-low temperatures. |
| Vibration-Induced Noise |
(F = m a) |
Force due to mechanical vibrations. |
|
Vibration isolation minimizes (a) |
Mitigation strategy: Reduces mechanical noise effects. |
| Residual Gas Noise |
(\lambda = \frac{k_B T}{\sqrt{2} \pi d^2 P}) |
Mean free path of gas molecules. |
|
(P \to 0) at low (T) |
Mitigation condition: Residual gas noise is eliminated as pressure drops. |