feat: add span events on graphql error spans

[quinna-h]

Add span events on graphql error spans according to RFC

Checklist

• PR author has checked that all the criteria below are met
• The PR description includes an overview of the change
• The PR description articulates the motivation for the change
• The change includes tests OR the PR description describes a testing strategy
• The PR description notes risks associated with the change, if any
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• The change follows the library release note guidelines
• The change includes or references documentation updates if necessary
• Backport labels are set (if applicable)

Reviewer Checklist

• Reviewer has checked that all the criteria below are met
• Title is accurate
• All changes are related to the pull request's stated goal
• Avoids breaking API changes
• Testing strategy adequately addresses listed risks
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• Release note makes sense to a user of the library
• If necessary, author has acknowledged and discussed the performance implications of this PR as reported in the benchmarks PR comment
• Backport labels are set in a manner that is consistent with the release branch maintenance policy

[github-actions]

CODEOWNERS have been resolved as:

releasenotes/notes/graphql-add-span-events-errors-a0fb733673ff1f58.yaml  @DataDog/apm-python
tests/snapshots/tests.contrib.graphql.test_graphql.test_graphql_fail.json  @DataDog/apm-python
ddtrace/_trace/span.py                                                  @DataDog/apm-sdk-api-python
ddtrace/contrib/internal/graphql/patch.py                               @DataDog/apm-core-python @DataDog/apm-idm-python
tests/contrib/graphene/test_graphene.py                                 @DataDog/apm-core-python @DataDog/apm-idm-python
tests/contrib/graphql/test_graphql.py                                   @DataDog/apm-core-python @DataDog/apm-idm-python
tests/snapshots/tests.contrib.graphene.test_graphene.test_schema_failing_execute.json  @DataDog/apm-python
tests/snapshots/tests.contrib.graphql.test_graphql.test_graphql_error.json  @DataDog/apm-python

[datadog-dd-trace-py-rkomorn]

Datadog Report

Branch report: quinna.halim/graphql-spans-add-events-on-errors
Commit report: a5c5803
Test service: dd-trace-py

✅ 0 Failed, 130 Passed, 1184 Skipped, 3m 28.2s Total duration (25m 44.49s time saved)

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2025-02-12 20:44:04

Comparing candidate commit a5c5803 in PR branch quinna.halim/graphql-spans-add-events-on-errors with baseline commit 0fcafa2 in branch main.

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 394 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.

[mabdinur]

left some non blocking suggestion,

[emmettbutler]

This looks like a possible duplicate of #12181