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Redo url file #150

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Dec 14, 2023
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80e3742
update script to pull from csv file
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
a655195
add in vsis3 file
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
bf2f844
udpate url bucket
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
178e85b
change raster path to url
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
dae889f
move around some things
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
0a20b83
switch download url
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
a2a9be5
switch back to raster path
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
7481c7f
add in region
jacquelynsmale Nov 14, 2023
50d2466
add in environs
jacquelynsmale Nov 15, 2023
bae41c7
reformat
jacquelynsmale Nov 15, 2023
ed53451
add in gdal config option
jacquelynsmale Nov 15, 2023
04d4731
remove extra s3_prefixes
jacquelynsmale Nov 15, 2023
03bba84
remove unnecessary environ
jacquelynsmale Nov 15, 2023
ef8851c
add in boto3
jacquelynsmale Nov 16, 2023
1af729f
get rid of asf_search dependency
jacquelynsmale Nov 16, 2023
b7744d7
get rid of the environment setting
jacquelynsmale Nov 16, 2023
1652583
add in edc set up
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
d32cbd1
remove old cookie files
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
4cebdaa
add back in gdal exceptions
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
69e5fa4
AWS profile update
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
eb54a0a
add in another profile statement
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
cacf139
swap permissions
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
c8a61ee
add back in hyp3 permissions???
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
7afd87c
update the max um per mosaic
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
9471169
update the max um per mosaic
jacquelynsmale Nov 17, 2023
983d3d3
add in vv json file
jacquelynsmale Nov 21, 2023
baacff9
add in shell and python scripts to run automatically to update s3 bucket
jacquelynsmale Nov 21, 2023
2b5cdd8
pull opera uri file from s3
jacquelynsmale Nov 21, 2023
6726ee7
try new pull
jacquelynsmale Nov 21, 2023
b5c92f4
optimize imports
jacquelynsmale Nov 21, 2023
0bb7316
Update image_services/opera/make_opera_services.py
jacquelynsmale Nov 22, 2023
f09f386
add metadata file for populating the MD for the test CA VV dataset
hjkristenson Dec 2, 2023
5dacc2e
add metadata file for populating the MD for the test CA VH dataset
hjkristenson Dec 2, 2023
eb697b0
change link formatting to markdown
hjkristenson Dec 2, 2023
94e130a
incorporate metadata edits from JPL
hjkristenson Dec 5, 2023
f66b72d
remove space in title
hjkristenson Dec 5, 2023
1c3a437
more minor updates
hjkristenson Dec 5, 2023
eb71e57
adjust date range
hjkristenson Dec 5, 2023
a2a07bf
adjust date range
hjkristenson Dec 5, 2023
3a9e6d6
remove s3 bucket raster file pull
jacquelynsmale Dec 12, 2023
3a52f3e
change around naming convention
jacquelynsmale Dec 12, 2023
4704a4a
udpate path and remove boto3 import
jacquelynsmale Dec 12, 2023
775b357
remove unneccary dataset varaible
jacquelynsmale Dec 12, 2023
1492ade
iron ut naming between makeoperaservices and update_opera_urls
jacquelynsmale Dec 12, 2023
6730c64
add union for s3 bucket upload
jacquelynsmale Dec 13, 2023
013405f
switch dataset name and service name
jacquelynsmale Dec 13, 2023
71a29c2
rename uri to urls to be consistent
jacquelynsmale Dec 13, 2023
1ccef60
Merge branch 'redo-url-file' into automate-urls
jacquelynsmale Dec 13, 2023
801a3d2
Merge pull request #151 from ASFHyP3/automate-urls
jacquelynsmale Dec 13, 2023
458cd5e
Update image_services/opera/metadata/metadata_text/OPERA_RTC_VH_metad…
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
7d04962
Delete image_services/opera/vsis3_urls.txt
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
a9cdc47
Merge branch 'opera-egis-updates' into redo-url-file
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
7fb63bb
finally incorporate changes in from Heidi
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
4432d90
Update image_services/opera/update_opera_urls.py
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
06a7183
tone down line splitting shenanigans
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
db4211e
Update image_services/opera/update_opera_urls.sh
jacquelynsmale Dec 14, 2023
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1 change: 0 additions & 1 deletion image_server/environment.yml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ channels:
dependencies:
- python=3.7
- arcgis-server-py3=10.9.1
- asf_search>=6.7.0
- boto3
- gdal>=2.4.4,<3
- lxml
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions image_services/opera/config/rtc_vh_urls.json
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
{
"project_name": "OPERA",
"raster_store": "/home/arcgis/raster_store/",
"bucket": "hyp3-testing",
"bucket": "asf-cumulus-prod-opera-products",
"overview_path": "/vsis3/gis-service-overviews/overviews/",
"s3_prefix": "opera-rtc-image-service-na/VH",
"s3_suffix": "_VH.tif",
"dataset_name": "RTC_VH_URLS",
"dataset_name": "RTC_VH",
"raster_function_templates": [
"Sentinel1_RTC_Power.rft.xml",
"Sentinel1_RTC_Amplitude.rft.xml",
Expand All @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
],
"default_raster_function_template": "Sentinel1_RTC_dB_Stretch.rft.xml",
"service_folder": "OPERA",
"service_name": "OPERA_RTC_VH",
"service_name": "OPERA_RTC_VH_URLS",
"service_definition_overrides": {
"Type": "esriServiceDefinitionType_Replacement",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Description": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL).",
Expand Down
40 changes: 40 additions & 0 deletions image_services/opera/config/rtc_vv_urls.json
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
{
"project_name": "OPERA",
"raster_store": "/home/arcgis/raster_store/",
"bucket": "asf-cumulus-prod-opera-products",
"overview_path": "/vsis3/gis-service-overviews/overviews/",
"s3_suffix": "_VV.tif",
"dataset_name": "RTC_VV",
"raster_function_templates": [
"Sentinel1_RTC_Power.rft.xml",
"Sentinel1_RTC_Amplitude.rft.xml",
"Sentinel1_RTC_dB.rft.xml",
"Sentinel1_RTC_dB_Stretch.rft.xml"
],
"default_raster_function_template": "Sentinel1_RTC_dB_Stretch.rft.xml",
"service_folder": "OPERA",
"service_name": "OPERA_RTC_VV_URLS",
"service_definition_overrides": {
"Type": "esriServiceDefinitionType_Replacement",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Description": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL).",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='description']/Value": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the VV polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='copyright']/Value": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected from Sentinel-1. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='idleTimeout']/Value": "3600",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='minInstances']/Value": "1",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='maxInstances']/Value": "9",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='usageTimeout']/Value": "1200",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/ConfigurationProperties/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='waitTimeout']/Value": "120",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='IdleTimeout']/Value": "3600",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='keepAliveInterval']/Value": "600",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='MinInstances']/Value": "1",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='MaxInstances']/Value": "9",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='UsageTimeout']/Value": "1200",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='WaitTimeout']/Value": "120",
"ItemInfo/Title": "OPERA RTC VV",
"ItemInfo/Credits": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected products from Sentinel-1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.",
"ItemInfo/Description": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the VV polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.",
"ItemInfo/Snippet": "OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL).",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Extensions/SVCExtension[TypeName='WMSServer']/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='title']/Value": "OPERA_RTC_VV_WMS",
"Configurations/SVCConfiguration/Definition/Extensions/SVCExtension[TypeName='WMSServer']/Props/PropertyArray/PropertySetProperty[Key='abstract']/Value": "WMS service for Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL)."
}
}
51 changes: 20 additions & 31 deletions image_services/opera/make_opera_services.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -10,32 +10,20 @@
from typing import List

import arcpy
import asf_search
from arcgis.gis.server import Server
from lxml import etree
from osgeo import gdal, osr
from tenacity import Retrying, before_sleep_log, stop_after_attempt, wait_fixed

gdal.UseExceptions()
gdal.SetConfigOption('GDAL_DISABLE_READDIR_ON_OPEN', 'EMPTY_DIR')

def get_rasters():
# TODO: get rid of or update the interesects with option
options = {
'intersectsWith': 'POLYGON((-78.5937 37.5232,-74.494 37.5232,-74.494 39.8807,-78.5937 39.8807,-78.5937 '
'37.5232))',
'dataset': 'OPERA-S1',
'start': '2023-10-25T08:00:00Z',
'processingLevel': 'RTC',
'polarization': 'VH',
}
results = asf_search.search(**options)

urls = []
for result in results:
for item in result.umm['RelatedUrls']:
url = item['URL']
if url.startswith('s3://') and url.endswith('VH.tif'):
urls.append(url.replace('s3://', '/vsis3/'))
return urls
def get_rasters(dataset_name):
filename = f'{dataset_name}_vsis3_urls.csv'
with open(filename) as urlfile:
records = urlfile.read().splitlines()[:-1]
return [f'{record}' for record in records]


def get_pixel_type(data_type: str) -> int:
Expand All @@ -56,11 +44,10 @@ def remove_prefix(raster_path, prefix):
return raster_path[len(prefix):]


def get_raster_metadata(raster_path: str, bucket: str, s3_prefix: str) -> dict:
def get_raster_metadata(raster_path: str, bucket: str) -> dict:
assert raster_path.startswith(f'/vsis3/{bucket}/')
key = remove_prefix(raster_path, f'/vsis3/{bucket}/')
download_url = f'https://datapool.asf.alaska.edu/RTC/{key}'
name = Path(raster_path).stem
download_url = f'https://datapool.asf.alaska.edu/RTC/OPERA-S1/{name}.tif'
acquisition_date = \
name[36:38] + '/' + name[38:40] + '/' + name[32:36] + ' ' + name[41:43] + ':' + name[43:45] + ':' + name[45:47]
info = gdal.Info(raster_path, format='json')
Expand All @@ -84,7 +71,7 @@ def get_raster_metadata(raster_path: str, bucket: str, s3_prefix: str) -> dict:
}


def update_csv(csv_file: str, rasters: List[str], bucket: str, s3_prefix: str):
def update_csv(csv_file: str, rasters: List[str], bucket: str):
if os.path.isfile(csv_file):
with open(csv_file) as f:
records = [record for record in csv.DictReader(f)]
Expand All @@ -97,13 +84,13 @@ def update_csv(csv_file: str, rasters: List[str], bucket: str, s3_prefix: str):
logging.info(f'Adding {len(new_rasters)} new items to {csv_file}')

if new_rasters:
header_record = get_raster_metadata(next(iter(new_rasters)), bucket, s3_prefix)
header_record = get_raster_metadata(next(iter(new_rasters)), bucket)
with open(csv_file, 'a', newline='') as csvfile:
writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=header_record.keys(), lineterminator=os.linesep)
if not existing_rasters:
writer.writeheader()
for raster in new_rasters:
record = get_raster_metadata(raster, bucket, s3_prefix)
record = get_raster_metadata(raster, bucket)
writer.writerow(record)

with open(csv_file) as f:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -208,10 +195,6 @@ def main():
with open(args.config_file) as f:
config = json.load(f)

cookie_file = Path.home() / 'cookies.txt'
os.environ['GDAL_HTTP_COOKIEFILE'] = str(cookie_file)
os.environ['GDAL_HTTP_COOKIEJAR'] = str(cookie_file)

csv_file = os.path.join(args.working_directory, f'{config["project_name"]}_{config["dataset_name"]}.csv')

raster_function_template = ''.join([f'{template_directory / template};'
Expand All @@ -224,8 +207,8 @@ def main():
arcpy.env.parallelProcessingFactor = '75%'

try:
rasters = get_rasters()
update_csv(csv_file, rasters, config['bucket'], config['s3_prefix'])
rasters = get_rasters(csv_file.replace(".csv", ""))
update_csv(csv_file, rasters, config['bucket'])

for attempt in Retrying(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(60), reraise=True,
before_sleep=before_sleep_log(logging, logging.WARNING)):
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -343,6 +326,12 @@ def main():
out_rasterdataset=local_overview,
)

del os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
del os.environ['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']

os.environ['AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE'] = 'hyp3'
os.environ['AWS_PROFILE'] = 'hyp3'

logging.info(f'Moving CRF to {s3_overview}')
subprocess.run(['aws', 's3', 'cp', local_overview, s3_overview.replace('/vsis3/', 's3://'), '--recursive'])

Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
Title:
OPERA L2 RTC-S1 V1 CA VH

Tags:
ASF, Alaska Satellite Facility, Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR, Sentinel-1, OPERA, Radiometric Terrain Correction, RTC

Summary:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) SAR Backscatter products for an area in Northern California from 07-Oct-2023 to 03-Dec-2023 in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR imagery, processed by the OPERA project at JPL.

Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) SAR Backscatter products in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR imagery, processed by the OPERA project at JPL. Values for the VH (cross-polarized) polarization are generally driven by volume scattering, with more complex volume scatterers (such as dense vegetation) returning higher backscatter values. Surface water generally appears very dark, as it is predominantly a surface scatterer; most returns remain in the primary polarization.

OPERA RTC-S1 data is available over all landmasses (excluding Antarctica) for Sentinel-1 acquisitions starting October 4, 2023. This is a test service that only includes the data available for a region in Northern California, acquired between October 7 and December 3, 2023. We are working towards providing services that include the full global extent of the dataset, but in incremental developments.

The source rasters referenced in this service are hosted by the Alaska Satellite Facility in NASA's Earthdata Cloud. More information about the dataset is available here: [https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/daac/opera/](https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/daac/opera/)

OPERA includes partners from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Maryland College Park, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Southern Methodist University, and EarthScope. Refer to [OPERA’s website](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera) for more details.

<b>Data Use:</b> Please cite the use of this data set using the following:
OPERA. 2023. OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected from Sentinel-1. Fairbanks, Alaska USA. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. [Date Accessed]

<b>Acknowledgements:</b> This service is provided by [Earthdata GIS (EGIS)](https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov) supported by [Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/). The OPERA project is supported by the Satellite Needs Working Group.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1, processed by the OPERA project at JPL. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
Title:
OPERA L2 RTC-S1 V1 CA VV

Tags:
ASF, Alaska Satellite Facility, Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR, Sentinel-1, OPERA, Radiometric Terrain Correction, RTC

Summary:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) SAR Backscatter products for an area in Northern California from 07-Oct-2023 to 03-Dec-2023 in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR imagery, processed by the OPERA project at JPL.

Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) SAR Backscatter products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR imagery, processed by the OPERA project at JPL. Values for the VV polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.

OPERA RTC-S1 data is available over all landmasses (excluding Antarctica) for Sentinel-1 acquisitions starting October 4, 2023. This is a test service that only includes the data available for a region in Northern California, acquired between October 7 and December 3, 2023. We are working towards providing services that include the full global extent of the dataset, but in incremental developments.

The source rasters referenced in this service are hosted by the Alaska Satellite Facility in NASA's Earthdata Cloud. More information about the dataset is available here: [https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/daac/opera/](https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/daac/opera/)

OPERA includes partners from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Maryland College Park, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Southern Methodist University, and EarthScope. Refer to [OPERA’s website](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera) for more details.

<b>Data Use:</b> Please cite the use of this data set using the following:
OPERA. 2023. OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected from Sentinel-1. Fairbanks, Alaska USA. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. [Date Accessed]

<b>Acknowledgements:</b> This service is provided by [Earthdata GIS (EGIS)](https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov) supported by [Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/). The OPERA project is supported by the Satellite Needs Working Group.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1, processed by the OPERA project at JPL. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in HH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the HH polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected Static Layers from Sentinel-1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in HV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the HV polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected Static Layers from Sentinel-1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Summary:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL)

Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the VH polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VH polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the VH (cross-polarized) polarization are generally driven by volume scattering, with more complex volume scatterers (such as dense vegetation) returning higher backscatter values. Surface water generally appears very dark, as it is predominantly a surface scatterer; most returns remain in the primary polarization.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected Static Layers from Sentinel-1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ Description:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) products in VV polarization generated from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, processed by OPERA (JPL). Values for the VV polarization are commonly driven by surface roughness and/or soil moisture, with rougher surfaces and higher soil moisture returning higher backscatter values. Surface water appears very dark under calm conditions, as the signal bounces off the surface away from the sensor.

Credits:
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected Static Layers from Sentinel-1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
OPERA Level-2 Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR Backscatter from Sentinel-1. NASA Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L2_RTC-S1_V1. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by ESA.
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