CI: Run worker tests with Address Sanitizer (only Linux) #4686

Job	Run time
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, 20, Release)	11m 15s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, 20, Debug)	11m 14s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, 20, Release)	11m 16s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, 20, Debug)	11m 20s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, 20, Release)	11m 13s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, 20, Debug)	10m 54s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, 20, Release)	11m 12s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, 20, Debug)	11m 15s
ci (macos-12, gcc, g++, 20, Release)	10m 6s
ci (macos-12, gcc, g++, 20, Debug)	6m 3s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, 20, Release)	4m 17s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, 20, Debug)	4m 32s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, 20, Release)	7m 16s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, 20, Debug)	5m 30s
	2h 7m 23s

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