From fdcd699abf20e655d606931359c1e7340250d40a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2024 01:19:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] site deploy

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : e98dafaa289e14cb18a29f206664695eb688089d
Branch  : md-outputs
Author  : GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Time    : 2024-07-09 01:18:26 +0000
Message : markdown source builds

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : e32a652a98a253bf3ade370bf4590540f3482eb2
Branch  : main
Author  : Cody Hennesy <codyhennesy@gmail.com>
Time    : 2024-06-20 18:08:45 +0000
Message : Merge pull request #4 from umn-dash/change_intro

replace with alex intro
---
 06-data-subsetting.html            |  2 +-
 07b-control-flow.html              |  2 +-
 08-plot-ggplot2.html               | 14 ++++++-------
 09-vectorization.html              |  2 +-
 10-functions.html                  |  2 +-
 11-writing-data.html               |  6 +++---
 13b-dplyr.html                     | 14 ++++++-------
 14-knitr-markdown.html             |  2 +-
 14b-tidyr.html                     |  2 +-
 15-wrap-up.html                    |  2 +-
 404.html                           |  4 ++--
 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html               |  2 +-
 LICENSE.html                       |  2 +-
 aio.html                           | 32 +++++++++++++++---------------
 discuss.html                       |  2 +-
 images.html                        |  4 ++--
 index.html                         |  4 ++--
 instructor-notes.html              |  4 ++--
 instructor/06-data-subsetting.html |  2 +-
 instructor/07b-control-flow.html   |  2 +-
 instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html    | 14 ++++++-------
 instructor/09-vectorization.html   |  2 +-
 instructor/10-functions.html       |  2 +-
 instructor/11-writing-data.html    |  6 +++---
 instructor/13b-dplyr.html          | 14 ++++++-------
 instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html  |  2 +-
 instructor/14b-tidyr.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/15-wrap-up.html         |  2 +-
 instructor/404.html                |  4 ++--
 instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html    |  2 +-
 instructor/LICENSE.html            |  2 +-
 instructor/aio.html                | 32 +++++++++++++++---------------
 instructor/discuss.html            |  2 +-
 instructor/images.html             |  4 ++--
 instructor/index.html              |  4 ++--
 instructor/instructor-notes.html   |  4 ++--
 instructor/key-points.html         |  4 ++--
 instructor/profiles.html           |  4 ++--
 instructor/reference.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/welcome-to-r.html       |  2 +-
 key-points.html                    |  4 ++--
 pkgdown.yml                        |  2 +-
 profiles.html                      |  4 ++--
 reference.html                     |  2 +-
 welcome-to-r.html                  |  2 +-
 45 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)

diff --git a/06-data-subsetting.html b/06-data-subsetting.html
index 421ea5977..e415b8354 100644
--- a/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -1971,7 +1971,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/07b-control-flow.html b/07b-control-flow.html
index 76c6bd1b0..9eb841423 100644
--- a/07b-control-flow.html
+++ b/07b-control-flow.html
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/07b-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 118636bae..fcc58a023 100644
--- a/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/09-vectorization.html b/09-vectorization.html
index 3b09caf12..eda4128f6 100644
--- a/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/09-vectorization.html
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/09-vectorization.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/10-functions.html b/10-functions.html
index 472d5b1fc..54f2187e0 100644
--- a/10-functions.html
+++ b/10-functions.html
@@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/11-writing-data.html b/11-writing-data.html
index 28002cefd..f97e81e93 100644
--- a/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/11-writing-data.html
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/13b-dplyr.html b/13b-dplyr.html
index 882f99f63..1df0f5c36 100644
--- a/13b-dplyr.html
+++ b/13b-dplyr.html
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Your <em>first</em> impulse might be to do this in two distinct
 commands, saving <em>intermediate objects</em> after each step, like
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here are three different solutions. In the first, we use the
 <code>&amp;</code> (and) operator to specify two rules that a value in
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Recall that the <code>year</code> column is not one of the columns
 that exists in between the <code>pop</code> and <code>lifeExp</code>
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>This command <em>first</em> sorted the data set by the unique values
 in the <code>year</code> column. It then “broke ties,” where two rows
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><code>gap_summarized</code> only has 142 rows, whereas
 <code>gap_grouped</code> had 1704. The reason for this is that we
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution6">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s how we’d generate those summaries:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb46">
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/13b-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/14-knitr-markdown.html b/14-knitr-markdown.html
index bfb20b66b..215e60e06 100644
--- a/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/14-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/14b-tidyr.html b/14b-tidyr.html
index 366fa69f8..807bdd8fb 100644
--- a/14b-tidyr.html
+++ b/14b-tidyr.html
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/14b-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/15-wrap-up.html b/15-wrap-up.html
index a541c39b7..7c18ca15a 100644
--- a/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/15-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 2c9b63fc1..b7aa6e36d 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -420,8 +420,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index ad7ce21c8..18a3f09c3 100644
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/LICENSE.html b/LICENSE.html
index 6a9757616..fc43d57f8 100644
--- a/LICENSE.html
+++ b/LICENSE.html
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/aio.html b/aio.html
index e16c97fd3..66321172b 100644
--- a/aio.html
+++ b/aio.html
@@ -5869,7 +5869,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -5911,7 +5911,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -6025,7 +6025,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -6153,7 +6153,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -6198,7 +6198,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -6361,7 +6361,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -7878,7 +7878,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -8006,7 +8006,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -8321,7 +8321,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Your <em>first</em> impulse might be to do this in two distinct
 commands, saving <em>intermediate objects</em> after each step, like
@@ -8482,7 +8482,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here are three different solutions. In the first, we use the
 <code>&amp;</code> (and) operator to specify two rules that a value in
@@ -8547,7 +8547,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Recall that the <code>year</code> column is not one of the columns
 that exists in between the <code>pop</code> and <code>lifeExp</code>
@@ -8651,7 +8651,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>This command <em>first</em> sorted the data set by the unique values
 in the <code>year</code> column. It then “broke ties,” where two rows
@@ -8945,7 +8945,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><code>gap_summarized</code> only has 142 rows, whereas
 <code>gap_grouped</code> had 1704. The reason for this is that we
@@ -9104,7 +9104,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution6">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s how we’d generate those summaries:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb46">
@@ -10518,8 +10518,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/discuss.html b/discuss.html
index 03dcd0c39..5a9bd9417 100644
--- a/discuss.html
+++ b/discuss.html
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/images.html b/images.html
index 128a1d10c..d369d497c 100644
--- a/images.html
+++ b/images.html
@@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 83716b313..f84730f9e 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -443,8 +443,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor-notes.html b/instructor-notes.html
index b67bcc021..942f9b6c6 100644
--- a/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor-notes.html
@@ -619,8 +619,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
index ecddc0168..92c274882 100644
--- a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/07b-control-flow.html b/instructor/07b-control-flow.html
index 0614d6def..0c1c13518 100644
--- a/instructor/07b-control-flow.html
+++ b/instructor/07b-control-flow.html
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/07b-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index e035f4357..25d9f2422 100644
--- a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/09-vectorization.html b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
index f2bd97727..5dbb5dc52 100644
--- a/instructor/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/09-vectorization.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/10-functions.html b/instructor/10-functions.html
index 551b99a05..c23a1aef0 100644
--- a/instructor/10-functions.html
+++ b/instructor/10-functions.html
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/11-writing-data.html b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
index d01c6a039..0400a4a3c 100644
--- a/instructor/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/13b-dplyr.html b/instructor/13b-dplyr.html
index 1d8b5f8bb..3f5c0de50 100644
--- a/instructor/13b-dplyr.html
+++ b/instructor/13b-dplyr.html
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Your <em>first</em> impulse might be to do this in two distinct
 commands, saving <em>intermediate objects</em> after each step, like
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here are three different solutions. In the first, we use the
 <code>&amp;</code> (and) operator to specify two rules that a value in
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Recall that the <code>year</code> column is not one of the columns
 that exists in between the <code>pop</code> and <code>lifeExp</code>
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>This command <em>first</em> sorted the data set by the unique values
 in the <code>year</code> column. It then “broke ties,” where two rows
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><code>gap_summarized</code> only has 142 rows, whereas
 <code>gap_grouped</code> had 1704. The reason for this is that we
@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution6">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s how we’d generate those summaries:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb46">
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/13b-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
index f2bdd671e..7c044da23 100644
--- a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/14b-tidyr.html b/instructor/14b-tidyr.html
index 8a8fbd05c..ed2a86057 100644
--- a/instructor/14b-tidyr.html
+++ b/instructor/14b-tidyr.html
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/14b-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
index 764d994e3..4ef52b9b0 100644
--- a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/15-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/404.html b/instructor/404.html
index 49dc12237..b0b9b2df3 100644
--- a/instructor/404.html
+++ b/instructor/404.html
@@ -420,8 +420,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index 44e5238b8..5d5cd3d63 100644
--- a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/LICENSE.html b/instructor/LICENSE.html
index ed75bd664..b797d2135 100644
--- a/instructor/LICENSE.html
+++ b/instructor/LICENSE.html
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/aio.html b/instructor/aio.html
index 968c659a8..c51f5cfd5 100644
--- a/instructor/aio.html
+++ b/instructor/aio.html
@@ -5875,7 +5875,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -5917,7 +5917,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -6031,7 +6031,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -6159,7 +6159,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -6204,7 +6204,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -6367,7 +6367,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -7887,7 +7887,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -8015,7 +8015,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -8331,7 +8331,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Your <em>first</em> impulse might be to do this in two distinct
 commands, saving <em>intermediate objects</em> after each step, like
@@ -8492,7 +8492,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here are three different solutions. In the first, we use the
 <code>&amp;</code> (and) operator to specify two rules that a value in
@@ -8557,7 +8557,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Recall that the <code>year</code> column is not one of the columns
 that exists in between the <code>pop</code> and <code>lifeExp</code>
@@ -8661,7 +8661,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>This command <em>first</em> sorted the data set by the unique values
 in the <code>year</code> column. It then “broke ties,” where two rows
@@ -8955,7 +8955,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><code>gap_summarized</code> only has 142 rows, whereas
 <code>gap_grouped</code> had 1704. The reason for this is that we
@@ -9114,7 +9114,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution6">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6"> Show me the solution </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s how we’d generate those summaries:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb46">
@@ -10531,8 +10531,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/discuss.html b/instructor/discuss.html
index 63a6a76f1..4b2bef440 100644
--- a/instructor/discuss.html
+++ b/instructor/discuss.html
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/images.html b/instructor/images.html
index 56b6145bf..0976f04f4 100644
--- a/instructor/images.html
+++ b/instructor/images.html
@@ -614,8 +614,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/index.html b/instructor/index.html
index 1033af1a0..dc2673578 100644
--- a/instructor/index.html
+++ b/instructor/index.html
@@ -569,8 +569,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/instructor-notes.html b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
index 5d41e6cae..1e16d8218 100644
--- a/instructor/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
@@ -632,8 +632,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/key-points.html b/instructor/key-points.html
index 5f920e560..39f98cc25 100644
--- a/instructor/key-points.html
+++ b/instructor/key-points.html
@@ -602,8 +602,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/profiles.html b/instructor/profiles.html
index 97e9e0d63..74e61938b 100644
--- a/instructor/profiles.html
+++ b/instructor/profiles.html
@@ -381,8 +381,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/reference.html b/instructor/reference.html
index 5cbfac0b5..dcd9dcdca 100644
--- a/instructor/reference.html
+++ b/instructor/reference.html
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/welcome-to-r.html b/instructor/welcome-to-r.html
index 04730b4f5..c50c3ed5c 100644
--- a/instructor/welcome-to-r.html
+++ b/instructor/welcome-to-r.html
@@ -3270,7 +3270,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/welcome-to-r.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/key-points.html b/key-points.html
index e85a7f4e7..52c165aa9 100644
--- a/key-points.html
+++ b/key-points.html
@@ -600,8 +600,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown.yml
index f37969f25..06e7a0801 100644
--- a/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ pandoc: 3.1.11
 pkgdown: 2.1.0
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles: {}
-last_built: 2024-07-16T01:20Z
+last_built: 2024-07-23T01:19Z
diff --git a/profiles.html b/profiles.html
index 753e5b32b..d2b7c997b 100644
--- a/profiles.html
+++ b/profiles.html
@@ -381,8 +381,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/reference.html b/reference.html
index 789f93ad3..d525c6bd7 100644
--- a/reference.html
+++ b/reference.html
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/welcome-to-r.html b/welcome-to-r.html
index af5f203e1..2893fff3b 100644
--- a/welcome-to-r.html
+++ b/welcome-to-r.html
@@ -3268,7 +3268,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/welcome-to-r.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-02",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>