Add pre-commit with ruff, and other checks (EOL, trailing whitespace)

[mwtoews]

This adds a pre-commit configuration that migrates a few tools:

• Add check-yaml, end-of-file-fixer and trailing-whitespace with a few expected changes
• Add Ruff linter and formatter, which has a few minor changes to the main source code
• Migrate pydocstyle and flake8 (pycodestyle, pyflakes) configuration to Ruff linter
• Remove setup.cfg, as the configuration is moved and pytest doesn't need any
• Remove CI jobs "lint" and "typing"
• Add a CI job "pre-commit" to run; however I highly recommend https://pre-commit.ci to be configured for this repo instead
• the "dev" optional install list is nearly empty, and I think it could be removed (not done here yet)

[mwtoews]

ping @sgillies for review

[sgillies]

Thanks @mwtoews !