[SPARK-47880][SQL][DOCS] Oracle: Document Mapping Spark SQL Data Type…

…s to Oracle

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Documents Mapping Spark SQL Data Types to Oracle

### Why are the changes needed?

documentation improvement

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
no

### How was this patch tested?

doc build
![image](https://github.com/apache/spark/assets/8326978/3bc7816a-f887-4f8c-95c0-15ec2c4ac7fb)

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
no

Closes apache#46092 from yaooqinn/SPARK-47880.

Authored-by: Kent Yao <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kent Yao <[email protected]>

docs/sql-data-sources-jdbc.md

@@ -1335,3 +1335,109 @@ as the activated JDBC Driver.
     </tr>
   </tbody>
 </table>
+
+### Mapping Spark SQL Data Types to Oracle
+
+The below table describes the data type conversions from Spark SQL Data Types to Oracle data types,
+when creating, altering, or writing data to an Oracle table using the built-in jdbc data source with
+the Oracle JDBC as the activated JDBC Driver.
+
+<table>
+  <thead>
+    <tr>
+      <th><b>Spark SQL Data Type</b></th>
+      <th><b>Oracle Data Type</b></th>
+      <th><b>Remarks</b></th>
+    </tr>
+  </thead>
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td>BooleanType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(1, 0)</td>
+      <td>BooleanType maps to NUMBER(1, 0) as BOOLEAN is introduced since Oracle Release 23c</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>ByteType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(3)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>ShortType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(5)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>IntegerType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(10)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>LongType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(19)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>FloatType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(19, 4)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DoubleType</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(19, 4)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DecimalType(p, s)</td>
+      <td>NUMBER(p,s)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DateType</td>
+      <td>DATE</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>TimestampType</td>
+      <td>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>TimestampNTZType</td>
+      <td>TIMESTAMP</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>StringType</td>
+      <td>VARCHAR2(255)</td>
+      <td>For historical reason, a string value has maximum 255 characters</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>BinaryType</td>
+      <td>BLOB</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>CharType(n)</td>
+      <td>CHAR(n)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>VarcharType(n)</td>
+      <td>VARCHAR2(n)</td>
+      <td></td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+The Spark Catalyst data types below are not supported with suitable Oracle types.
+
+- DayTimeIntervalType
+- YearMonthIntervalType
+- CalendarIntervalType
+- ArrayType
+- MapType
+- StructType
+- UserDefinedType
+- NullType
+- ObjectType
+- VariantType