PERF-#4804: Preserve lengths/widths caches in `broadcast_apply_full_axis` #5811

Job	Run time
test tutorial notebooks (pandas_on_ray)	2m 15s
test tutorial notebooks (pandas_on_dask)	1m 39s
test tutorial notebooks (pandas_on_unidist)	3m 33s
test tutorial notebooks (hdk_on_native)	2m 55s
	10m 22s

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