[ci] Introduce typos pre-commit hook

[borchero]

While scrolling through the codebase, I noticed a few typos so I thought it would make sense to rectify them.

To do so, I added a new pre-commit hook, namely typos. typos is a spellchecker that minimizes the number of false positives by maintaining a list of known typos rather than a dictionary of known words.

typos can further be configured in the .typos.toml file where false positives can be rectified, either by extending the list of "identifiers" or "words" that are actually not typos as maintained by the typos tool (loosely speaking, an "identifier" is anything that would be a valid variable name in e.g. Python while a "word" are the individual parts of camel-cased/snake-cased/... names). For instances where the notion of "identifiers" and "words" is insufficient (e.g. for URLs with apparent typos), a list of regexes of strings to ignore can be added.

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Apart from the changes to .pre-commit-config.yaml and the creation of .typos.toml, the changes in this PR merely fix the typos uncovered by the typos pre-commit hook.

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The only publicly-facing change is the renaming of lgb.interprete to lgb.interpret in the R API. I'm unsure whether this change would be desired.

[jameslamb]

Wow nice! I went through all of these changes and agree with almost all of them. This caught a lot of issues, really nice!

I support adding this to the pre-commit config. Let's see how it goes.

The only publicly-facing change is the renaming of lgb.interprete() to lgb.interpret() in the R API. I'm unsure whether this change would be desired.

Yeah, please do revert these. I don't support breaking user code just to fix this typo. That function has been a part of the public API for several years.

[jameslamb]

Thanks very much, happy to try this! Please just see 2 more small comments... I think maybe you forgot to push a commit.

[StrikerRUS]

The only publicly-facing change is the renaming of lgb.interprete to lgb.interpret in the R API. I'm unsure whether this change would be desired.

I think we should mark lgb.interprete as deprecated and remove it in a next release.
Under the hood lgb.interprete should call lgb.interpret for now.

[StrikerRUS]

@jameslamb

Yeah, please do revert these. I don't support breaking user code just to fix this typo. That function has been a part of the public API for several years.

Sorry, haven't noticed your comment from the first glance!

WDYT about the following #6564 (comment)?

[jameslamb]

Thanks for reviving this!

I'm happy to pick up the R changes in a later PR... can you please document that in an issue and assign it to me? It might be a while until I can prioritize it.

Left one more request... please revert the unrelated whitespace changes in this PR.

[StrikerRUS]

Reapproving.

[jameslamb]

Happy to try this, thanks!