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feat: add iptables
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li-zeyuan committed Apr 12, 2024
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---
title: iptables
date: 2024-04-12 00:00:00 +0800
categories: [root, linux]
tags: [linux, iptables]
author: ahern
---

![img.png](./assets/images/img_5.png){:height="10%" width="60%"}

## 基本概念

- iptables由表、链、规则组成;表包含链,链包含规则
- 包含filter、nat、mangle、raw等几种内建表,filter最常用

各种链:

- INPUT 链:处理来自外部的数据。
- OUTPUT 链:处理向外发送的数据。
- FORWARD 链:数据转发。通过路由表后发现目的地址非本机,则匹配该链中的规则。
- PREROUTING 链:处理刚到达本机并在路由转发前的数据包。
- POSTROUTING 链: 处理即将离开本机的数据包。

## 常用命令

> 命令格式,默认 -t filter:iptables [ -t 表名] 命令选项 [链名] [条件匹配] [-j 处理动作或跳转]
> {: .prompt-tip }


列出链及规则,显示行号

```
iptables -L -n -v --line-numbers
```



删除INPUT 链,行号为1的规则

```
iptables -D INPUT 1
```



在INPUT 链新增规则

```
iptables -I INPUT -s 0.0.0.0/0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 8123,9000 -j ACCEPT
```

- -I: 在第1行插入

- -A: 在最后1行追加



删除指定链中的所有规则(慎用)

```
iptables -F INPUT
```



规则备份和恢复

- `service iptables save`保存规则到/etc/sysconfig/iptables

- `iptables-save > my.ipt`重定向规则到my.ipt

- `iptables-restore < my.ipt`从my.ipt中恢复规则



## 规则

- 链中规则至上而下执行

## 参考
- [iptables 概念、原理及相关操作介绍](https://juejin.cn/post/7135399062588620813#heading-5)
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