[core] Update Go Version and Go Packages

[ricoberger]

Update the used version of Go to 1.22 and all Go packages we are using.

• I adjusted the corresponding documentation for this change.
• I adjusted the values.yaml and the documentation for all values.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 71.58%. Comparing base (8b7041f) to head (730f590).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #613      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   72.19%   71.58%   -0.61%     
==========================================
  Files         430      442      +12     
  Lines       66716    67276     +560     
  Branches     2884     2884              
==========================================
- Hits        48165    48161       -4     
- Misses      18251    18816     +565     
+ Partials      300      299       -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
go	67.86% <100.00%> (-3.55%)	⬇️
node-app	0.00% <ø> (ø)
node-azure	94.62% <ø> (ø)
node-core	42.10% <ø> (ø)
node-datadog	92.84% <ø> (ø)
node-elasticsearch	91.73% <ø> (ø)
node-flux	65.99% <ø> (ø)
node-github	98.30% <ø> (ø)
node-grafana	89.65% <ø> (ø)
node-harbor	94.88% <ø> (ø)
node-helm	99.15% <ø> (ø)
node-jaeger	90.96% <ø> (ø)
node-jira	95.66% <ø> (ø)
node-kiali	89.98% <ø> (ø)
node-klogs	93.45% <ø> (ø)
node-mongodb	95.89% <ø> (ø)
node-opsgenie	83.77% <ø> (ø)
node-prometheus	88.16% <ø> (ø)
node-rss	96.16% <ø> (ø)
node-runbooks	96.36% <ø> (ø)
node-signalsciences	97.47% <ø> (ø)
node-sonarqube	96.12% <ø> (ø)
node-sql	88.83% <ø> (ø)
node-techdocs	94.20% <ø> (ø)
node-velero	80.71% <ø> (ø)

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