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articles/one-meta.md

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+#Going door to door, this hero brings the world closer to ending polio (766 words)
+Source: [Gates Notes](https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Heroes-in-the-Field-Shumaila-Rehamani).
+
+## Article's TLDR
+19 million people who would have otherwise been paralyzed are now walking today thanks to heroes like Shumaila Rehmani.
+
+## Main ideas for me
+- Polio is almost eradicated from Earth. Cases have fallen 99.9% in the last 33 years thanks to vaccination.
+- Polio vaccines save lives and avoid people from paralysis.
+- Shumaila Rehmani is a Pakistani doctor that goes door to door vaccinating children.
+- Vaccination is hard since some parents don't want them based on misinformation and fear
+- Shumaila speaks with the community to address the importance and harmless of the vaccines
+- COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted polio vaccination and many polio outbreaks have appeared in Africa and Asia
+- The Global Polio Eradication Initiative works to contain COVID-19 and polio at the same time.
+- Pakistani government will start a campaign in November to vaccinate every child aiming to join other countries like Nigeria where polio was eradicated last year. 
+
+## My summary
+We are near to eradicating polio on the planet, thanks to childhood vaccination. COVID-19 has disrupted vaccination, causing some outbreaks to appear in Africa and Asia. Polio can kill and paralyze people, but some parents avoid vaccines because of fear and misinformation. Door-to-door doctors like Pakistani's Shumila Rehmani fight these problems with talks, patience, and planning. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative helps with both polio eradication and COVID-19 containment. Hopefully, Pakistan will eradicate polio this year with their November vaccination campaign and join other polio-free countries like Nigeria.
+
+## My summarization ratio
+88%

articles/one.txt

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+Since the start of the global eradication effort in 1988, the number of polio cases worldwide has fallen 99.9 percent.
+
+19 million people who would have otherwise been paralyzed are now walking today because of vaccines. And 1.5 million people are alive who would have otherwise died from the disease.
+
+Much of the credit for this progress goes to the thousands of polio workers who have gone door to door vaccinating more than 3 billion children over the last 33 years.
+
+October 24 is World Polio Day and to mark the occasion I’d like to share the story of one of these dedicated polio fighters.
+
+Her name is Shumaila Rehmani.
+
+Shumaila is a polio vaccinator in Pakistan, which is one of the two countries in the world—the other is Afghanistan—where the wild poliovirus is still endemic.
+
+Shumaila’s job is to deliver the polio vaccine to every child under age five in the community she serves. While that probably sounds like a straightforward job, what it takes to get it done is not. Reaching every child requires hard work, meticulous planning, and patience.
+
+During polio immunization drives in Pakistan, Shumaila sets out on foot early in the morning with a cooler filled with vaccines and a detailed plan for all the homes she needs to visit. Then she begins knocking on doors to give the oral polio vaccine drops to every child.
+
+The overwhelming majority of families she visits want their children to be vaccinated. Some parents, however, out of fear or a lack of information, refuse to have their children vaccinated.
+
+But Shumaila doesn’t give up.
+
+She talks with the mothers and fathers, answering all their questions about polio and reassuring them that the vaccine is safe and effective. She also works with community and religious leaders to speak with families about the importance of vaccination.
+
+Progress can be slow. In the community she serves, Shumaila says this year she initially had more than 250 families refuse vaccinations. But today, because of her efforts to work closely with the families, all but four of them have had their children vaccinated. And she continues to talk with those families to encourage them to get vaccinated.
+
+And thanks to the thousands of dedicated health workers like Shumaila and the leadership of Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan, there’s been just one case of wild polio in Pakistan so far this year, compared with 84 in 2020.
+
+While the incredible efforts of Shumaila and other polio fighters have brought us to the brink of a polio-free world, COVID-19 has created new challenges. The pandemic has disrupted polio campaigns and routine immunizations in many parts of the world, causing outbreaks of other forms of polio to crop up in Africa and Asia.
+
+That’s why the global polio program adapted its approach to help contain the spread of COVID-19 while also working to end polio. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative used its workforce and laboratory and disease surveillance network to respond to the pandemic, investigating suspected COVID cases, coordinating response operations, and training health care workers. In Pakistan, the national polio team now operates a toll-free number for anyone who wants to speak with a doctor about COVID, polio, or get any questions answered about routine immunization. They have received more than 17 million calls during the pandemic.
+
+Like other polio workers, Shumaila has used her community relationships to raise awareness of COVID, teach families how to stay safe, and provide handwashing and hygiene lessons. This has made for longer days, but Shumaila says it’s easy to stay motivated. As a mother of three children herself, she is driven by her dream of a day when polio will no longer be a threat to her children or any child in Pakistan.
+
+It’s a day she knows will come soon, she says. Again and again since the start of the global polio eradication effort, one country after the next has eliminated this crippling disease from within their borders. Less than a decade ago, for example, Nigeria accounted for more than half of all wild polio cases worldwide. But last year, Nigeria, along with the 47 countries in the African region, were certified free of the wild poliovirus.
+
+With Afghanistan recently announcing it would conduct a nationwide polio campaign in November—the first in over three years to reach all children in the country—and Pakistan’s continued commitment to eradication, the final two polio endemic countries will hopefully soon follow others on the path to ending wild polio.  
+
+“If other countries can be polio free, why can’t Pakistan be?” Shumaila asks.
+***
+We are near to eradicating polio on the planet, thanks to childhood vaccination. COVID-19 has disrupted vaccination, causing some outbreaks to appear in Africa and Asia. Polio can kill and paralyze people, but some parents avoid vaccines because of fear and misinformation. Door-to-door doctors like Pakistani's Shumila Rehmani fight these problems with talks, patience, and planning. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative helps with both polio eradication and COVID-19 containment. Hopefully, Pakistan will eradicate polio this year with their November vaccination campaign and join other polio-free countries like Nigeria.

articles/three-meta.md

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+#Remote-first work is taking over the rich world (922 words)
+Source: [The Economist](https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2021/10/30/remote-first-work-is-taking-over-the-rich-world).
+
+## Article's TLDR
+IN FEBRUARY 2020 Americans on average spent 5% of their working hours at home. By May, as lockdowns spread, the share had soared to 60%—a trend that was mirrored in other countries. Many people, perhaps believing that working from home really meant shirking from home, assumed that office life would soon return to something like its pre-pandemic norm. To say it has not turned out that way would be a huge understatement.
+
+## Main ideas for me
+- 40% of all American working hours are still now spent at home.
+- It is expected an increase in the number of days a week worked from home.
+- Workers hope they will spend closer to half their working hours at the kitchen table.
+- Economists try to find out how productivity is affected due to these periods of remote work.
+- Perceptions about the future of office work are changing. Politicans and companies are less prone to exhort workers to get back to the office.
+- An intriguing possibility explains why remote-first work remains dominant. Work that is largely done remotely may be more efficient/productive compared with an office-first model.
+- Economists have less insight into why remote workers might be more productive. Some possibilities that can explain this phenomena can be it is more easily focus on tasks than in an office, removing the tirediness related to commuting, and technology helps to co-ordinate teams more effectively.
+- Yet, if it is so wonderful, then why is there little evidence of a shift towards “fully remote” work, where firms shut down their offices altogether? It seems moving to a fully remote scheme might affect innovation since remote work makes people’s collaboration practices more “static and siloed” a study has found.
+- Firms will have to experiment the precise arrangement that best work for them: come into the office a few days a week versus bring people together with the express purpose of discussing new ideas.
+- What seems clear, though, is that offices will still have a role after the pandemic—even if they are mostly empty.
+
+## My summary
+40% of American employees are still working from home. They hope that about half their working hours happen remotely. Economists are trying to find out how productivity is affected due to this remote-first schema. As it seems work mainly done remotely may be more efficient/productive compared with the office-first model, politicians and companies are less prone to exhort workers to get back to the office. But why remote workers might be more productive? Some possibilities are that employees more easily focus on tasks at home than in an office, there is no tiredness related to commuting, and technology helps coordinate teams more effectively. Yet, why is there little evidence of a shift towards fully remote work? A study has found that a fully remote scheme makes people's collaboration practices more static and siloed, possibly affecting innovation. Offices will still have a role after the pandemic—even if they are mostly empty. Firms will have to experiment with the precise arrangement that best works for them: come into the office a few days a week versus bring people together with the express purpose of discussing new ideas.
+
+## My summarization ratio
+80%

articles/three.txt

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+Most office workers remain steadfastly “remote-first”, spending most of their paid time out of the office. Even though a large share of people have little choice but to physically go to work, 40% of all American working hours are still now spent at home. In mid-October American offices were just over a third full, suggest data from Kastle Systems, a security firm. From Turin to Tokyo, commercial areas of cities remain substantially quieter, compared with pre-covid norms, than residential ones. Economists are trying to work out what all this means for productivity.
+
+Perceptions about the future of office work are changing. Last year British government ministers exhorted workers to get back to the office; now they are quieter. Wall Street banks, often the most enthusiastic advocates for in-office work, are toning down the rhetoric. According to a monthly survey by Jose Maria Barrero, Nick Bloom and Steven Davis, three economists, bosses expect that in a post-pandemic world an average of 1.3 days a week will be worked from home—a quarter more than they expected when asked the same question in January. Even that could in time prove to be an underestimate. Workers hope they will spend closer to half their working hours at the kitchen table.
+
+A few factors explain why remote-first work remains dominant. Many people remain scared of contracting covid-19, and thus wish to avoid public spaces. Another possibility is that workers have more bargaining power. In a world of labour shortages, it takes a brave boss to make people take a sweaty commute five days a week (workers view being forced to be in the office full-time as equivalent to a 5% pay cut). There is a more intriguing possibility, however. Work that is largely done remotely may be more efficient compared with an office-first model.
+
+The past year has seen an explosion of research on the economics of working from home. Not all the papers find a positive impact on productivity. A recent paper by Michael Gibbs of the University of Chicago and colleagues studies an Asian IT-services company. When the firm shifted to remote work last year average hours rose but output fell slightly. The authors ascribe part of the decline in productivity to “higher communication and co-ordination costs”. For instance, managers who had once popped their head round someone’s door may have found it harder to convey precisely what they needed when everyone was working remotely.
+
+Most studies, however, find more positive results. Mr Barrero and his colleagues’ surveys cover a large number of firms, rather than just one. Only 15% of home-workers believe they are less efficient working in this way than they were on business premises before the pandemic, according to a paper published by the team in April. A study released that month by Statistics Canada finds that more than half of “new” remote workers (ie, those who normally worked outside the home before the pandemic) reported completing about the same amount of work per hour as before, while one-third said they got more done.
+
+Economists have less insight into why remote workers might be more productive. One possibility is that they can more easily focus on tasks than in an office, where the temptation to gossip with a co-worker looms large. Commuting, moreover, is tiring. Another factor relates to technology. Remote workers, by necessity, rely more on tools such as Slack and Microsoft Teams. This may allow bosses to co-ordinate teams more effectively, if the alternative in the office was word-of-mouth instructions that could easily be forgotten or misinterpreted. Patent applications for work-from-home technologies are soaring, while American private-sector investment in IT is growing by 14% year-on-year.
+
+Yet the popularity of remote-first work presents a puzzle. If it is so wonderful, then why is there little evidence of a shift towards “fully remote” work, where firms shut down their offices altogether? Companies that have chosen to do this are in a tiny minority. The number of people moving to cities such as Tulsa, in Oklahoma, which is positioning itself as the global capital of remote work, remains small.
+
+Perhaps it is only a matter of time before everyone who can goes fully remote. A new study in Nature Human Behaviour, however,suggests that firms have good reason to hold on to their office buildings, even if they are used less frequently. The paper studies the communications (including instant messages and video calls) of 60,000 Microsoft employees in 2019-20. Remote work makes people’s collaboration practices more “static and siloed”, it finds. People interact more with their closest contacts, but less with the more marginal members of their networks who can offer them new perspectives and ideas. That probably hurts innovation. The upshot is that fully remote teams might do quite well in the short term, but will ultimately suffer as innovation dries up.
+What a way to make a living
+
+How best to collaborate, then, in a remote-first world? Many firms assume it is enough for everyone to come into the office a few days a week, since this will lead to people bumping into each other and talking about ideas. Others, backed by stronger evidence, say that managers must be more intentional, and bring people together with the express purpose of discussing new ideas. Firms will have to experiment as they get used to a new way of working, and the precise arrangement may vary depending on the type of work. What seems clear, though, is that offices will still have a role after the pandemic—even if they are mostly empty.
+***
+40% of American employees are still working from home. They hope that about half their working hours happen remotely. Economists are trying to find out how productivity is affected due to this remote-first schema. As it seems work mainly done remotely may be more efficient/productive compared with the office-first model, politicians and companies are less prone to exhort workers to get back to the office. But why remote workers might be more productive? Some possibilities are that employees more easily focus on tasks at home than in an office, there is no tiredness related to commuting, and technology helps coordinate teams more effectively. Yet, why is there little evidence of a shift towards fully remote work? A study has found that a fully remote scheme makes people's collaboration practices more static and siloed, possibly affecting innovation. Offices will still have a role after the pandemic—even if they are mostly empty. Firms will have to experiment with the precise arrangement that best works for them: come into the office a few days a week versus bring people together with the express purpose of discussing new ideas.

articles/two-meta.md

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+#Facebook is nearing a reputational point of no return (575 words)
+Source: [The Economist](https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/10/09/facebook-is-nearing-a-reputational-point-of-no-return).
+
+## Article's TLDR
+DISASTER STRUCK the world’s biggest social network on October 4th when Facebook and its sister apps were knocked offline for six hours. It was one of the less embarrassing moments of the company’s week. The next day a whistleblower, Frances Haugen, told Congress of all manner of wickedness at the firm, from promoting eating disorders to endangering democracy. Some wondered whether the world would be a better place if the outage were permanent.
+
+## Main ideas for me
+- Facebook's reputational problems make bad news stand out over good news (even when Facebook does the right thing). For example, one in five teens feel bad about themselves when using Instagram, but two feel better.
+- Everyone looks mostly to Facebook when it comes to other problems inherent to the Internet in general (i.e., regulation of viral content for kids).
+- The most damaging claim revealed this week is that Facebook has hidden projections from its investors that it could lose 45% of its US adolescent users in two years. This kind of deception could have catastrophic consequences since advertiser sales are the source of almost all of the company's revenue.
+- Despite all these reputational problems, politicians seem incapable of co-ordinating reform to rein it in, and investors have kept buying the stock.
+- It seems that Facebook is nearing a reputational point of no return, causing people to no longer want to hear their explanations. This situation increases the possibility of losing its young and liberal staff and thwarting its plans (i.e., the metaverse).
+- It is recommended that Facebook look hard at its public face, Mark Zuckerberg, who increasingly looks like a liability.
+
+## My summary
+Facebook is nearing a reputational point of no return. The latest events cause people to no longer want to hear their explanations. Increase the possibility of losing its young and liberal staff. Thwart its plans (i.e., the metaverse). Make bad news stand out over good news (even when Facebook does the right thing and problems blamed on them are inherent to the Internet in general), and jeopardize investor relationships that could have catastrophic consequences on their revenue. Facebook would be good to look hard at its public face, Mark Zuckerberg, who increasingly looks like a liability.
+
+## My summarization ratio
+83%