feat(fatfs): add Kconfig settings for FF_USE_STRFUNC (IDFGH-12317)

[KJ7LNW]

Legacy fatfs code being ported to ESP-IDF may use f_gets(), f_puts(), f_putc(), and f_printf() calls, but the define FF_USE_STRFUNC is set to 0 without Kconfig options to enable it.

This commit retains the existing default behavior of FF_USE_STRFUNC=0 and adds Kconfig settings so users can configure FF_USE_STRFUNC and the related FF_PRINT_LLI, FF_PRINT_FLOAT, and FF_STRF_ENCODE if needed.

Closes: #13350

(This PR replaces #13351 which had an invalid branch name due to capital letters.)

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[Alvin1Zhang]

Thanks for contribution.

[haberturdeur]

Hi, thank you for contributing!

[KJ7LNW]

@haberturdeur, updated and force pushed. Please double-check that this is what you needed.

[haberturdeur]

LGTM!