Handle arbitrarily high integer values in Process.sleep/1

[vegris]

A while ago OTP timer module was changed to support sleeping with arbitrarily high integer timeout values. Given that Process.sleep/1 is almost the same as :timer.sleep/1 it seems that Elixir could support this too.

There are a number of ways to implement it, each with it's own tradeoffs regarding backward compatibility when supplying wrong types.

In this PR I just translated Erlang's implementation to Elixir. This allows it to keep FunctionClauseError on bad input, but error text now mentions timeout > 4_294_967_295 guard which can be confusing to the end user.

❯ bin/elixir -e "Process.sleep(:atom)"
** (FunctionClauseError) no function clause matching in Process.sleep/1    
    
    The following arguments were given to Process.sleep/1:
    
        # 1
        :atom
    
    Attempted function clauses (showing 2 out of 2):
    
        def sleep(timeout) when is_integer(timeout) and timeout > 4_294_967_295
        def sleep(timeout) when is_integer(timeout) and timeout >= 0 when timeout == :infinity
    
    (elixir 1.18.0-dev) lib/process.ex:313: Process.sleep/1
    nofile:1: (file)
    (stdlib 5.2.3) erl_eval.erl:750: :erl_eval.do_apply/7
    (elixir 1.18.0-dev) lib/code.ex:567: Code.validated_eval_string/3

There is also an option of just delegating sleep to :timer, though in this case we would be getting ErlangError instead of FunctionClauseError:

❯ bin/elixir -e "Process.sleep(:atom)"
** (ErlangError) Erlang error: :timeout_value
    (stdlib 5.2.3) timer.erl:235: :timer.sleep/1
    nofile:1: (file)
    (stdlib 5.2.3) erl_eval.erl:750: :erl_eval.do_apply/7
    (elixir 1.18.0-dev) lib/code.ex:567: Code.validated_eval_string/3

The third option is to keep the guards as is and "delegate" to :timer.sleep by hand in the function body.
This change allows to keep the error message exactly as it was, but introduces a function call with an additional (redundant) argument check.

I'm not sure what is Elixir's stability commitment in regards to exception values, so I'm ready to supply the code for any one of these cases 😃

[josevalim]

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