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03. Hardware Implementation/LoRa Communication/Reciever/Reciever_V1.0.py

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+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+# Simple demo of sending and recieving data with the RFM95 LoRa radio.
+# Author: Tony DiCola
+import board
+import busio
+import digitalio
+
+import adafruit_rfm9x
+
+
+# Define radio parameters.
+RADIO_FREQ_MHZ = 433.0  # Frequency of the radio in Mhz. Must match your
+# module! Can be a value like 915.0, 433.0, etc.
+
+# Define pins connected to the chip, use these if wiring up the breakout according to the guide:
+CS = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE1)
+RESET = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D22)
+
+# Initialize SPI bus.
+spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, MOSI=board.MOSI, MISO=board.MISO)
+
+# Initialze RFM radio
+rfm9x = adafruit_rfm9x.RFM9x(spi, CS, RESET, RADIO_FREQ_MHZ, baudrate=100000)
+
+# Note that the radio is configured in LoRa mode so you can't control sync
+# word, encryption, frequency deviation, or other settings!
+
+# You can however adjust the transmit power (in dB).  The default is 13 dB but
+# high power radios like the RFM95 can go up to 23 dB:
+rfm9x.tx_power = 23
+
+# Apply new modem config settings to the radio to improve its effective range
+rfm9x.signal_bandwidth = 125000
+rfm9x.coding_rate = 8
+rfm9x.spreading_factor = 12
+rfm9x.enable_crc = True
+
+# Send a packet.  Note you can only send a packet up to 252 bytes in length.
+# This is a limitation of the radio packet size, so if you need to send larger
+# amounts of data you will need to break it into smaller send calls.  Each send
+# call will wait for the previous one to finish before continuing.
+rfm9x.send(bytes("Hello world!\r\n", "utf-8"))
+print("Sent Hello World message!")
+
+# Wait to receive packets.  Note that this library can't receive data at a fast
+# rate, in fact it can only receive and process one 252 byte packet at a time.
+# This means you should only use this for low bandwidth scenarios, like sending
+# and receiving a single message at a time.
+print("Waiting for packets...")
+
+while True:
+    #packet = rfm9x.receive()
+    # Optionally change the receive timeout from its default of 0.5 seconds:
+    packet = rfm9x.receive(timeout=5.0,with_header=True)
+    # If no packet was received during the timeout then None is returned.
+    if packet is None:
+        # Packet has not been received
+        print("Received nothing! Listening again...")
+    else:
+        # Received a packet!
+        # Print out the raw bytes of the packet:
+        print("Received (raw bytes): {0}".format(packet))
+        # And decode to ASCII text and print it too.  Note that you always
+        # receive raw bytes and need to convert to a text format like ASCII
+        # if you intend to do string processing on your data.  Make sure the
+        # sending side is sending ASCII data before you try to decode!
+        packet_text = str(packet, "ascii")
+        print("Received (ASCII): {0}".format(packet_text))
+        # Also read the RSSI (signal strength) of the last received message and
+        # print it.
+        rssi = rfm9x.last_rssi
+        print("Received signal strength: {0} dB".format(rssi))

03. Hardware Implementation/LoRa Communication/Sender/Imager/Imager_V1.0.py

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+"""
+Created by Bimsara Gawesh
+Last update on 02 March 2025
+Imager for LoRa communication
+This module requires a server for the communication
+This is currenty support for load image from the current directory and produce numpy array for communication
+Version 1.0
+
+Key Parameters:
+Compatible OS: Raspberry Pi Bustter 2020
+Compatible Python Version: Python 3
+Prerequisites: numpy, pillow
+
+Note: Please reffer github repository for more information 
+https://github.com/cepdnaclk/e20-3yp-SkyT
+"""
+
+# Import Python System Libraries
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+
+# Function to print details of the image
+def printDetails(image):
+    """
+    Prints detailed information about the image.
+
+    Parameters:
+        image (PIL.Image): A Pillow Image object.
+
+    Returns:
+        None
+    """
+    try:
+        print("Image Details:")
+        print(f"Format: {image.format}")  # Image format (e.g., JPEG, PNG)
+        print(f"Size: {image.size}")      # Tuple (width, height) in pixels
+        print(f"Mode: {image.mode}")      # Color mode (e.g., 'RGB', 'L', 'RGBA')
+        print(f"Width: {image.width} pixels")
+        print(f"Height: {image.height} pixels")
+        print(f"Channels: {len(image.getbands())}")  # Number of channels (e.g., 3 for RGB, 1 for grayscale)
+
+        # Additional details
+        if image.mode == 'P':
+            print("Note: Image uses a palette (indexed colors).")
+        if image.info:
+            print("\nAdditional Metadata:")
+            for key, value in image.info.items():
+                print(f"{key}: {value}")
+        else:
+            print("\nNo additional metadata found.")
+    except AttributeError:
+        print("Error: Input is not a valid Pillow Image object.")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error processing image: {e}")
+
+# Function to print numpy array
+def printArrayDetails(array, sample_size=5):
+    """
+    Prints details of a NumPy array, including shape, data type, and a sample of the array.
+
+    Parameters:
+        array (numpy.ndarray): The NumPy array to analyze.
+        sample_size (int): Number of elements to display from the beginning and end of the array.
+
+    Returns:
+        None
+    """
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(array, np.ndarray):
+            raise ValueError("Input is not a NumPy array.")
+
+        print("NumPy Array Details:")
+        print(f"Shape: {array.shape}")  # Dimensions of the array
+        print(f"Data Type: {array.dtype}")  # Data type of the array elements
+        print(f"Number of Elements: {array.size}")  # Total number of elements
+        print(f"Number of Dimensions: {array.ndim}")  # Number of dimensions
+
+        # Print a sample of the array
+        if array.size <= 2 * sample_size:
+            print("\nArray Data:")
+            print(array)
+        else:
+            print("\nArray Data (Sample):")
+            print("First few elements:")
+            print(array.flatten()[:sample_size])
+            print("Last few elements:")
+            print(array.flatten()[-sample_size:])
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error processing NumPy array: {e}")
+
+# Function to load image and convert it into a numpy array
+def loadImage(image_path):
+    """
+    Loads an image from the specified path and converts it into a NumPy array.
+
+    Parameters:
+        image_path (str): Path to the image file.
+
+    Returns:
+        numpy.ndarray: A NumPy array representing the image.
+                      The shape of the array will be (height, width, channels) for RGB images
+                      or (height, width) for grayscale images.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Open the image using Pillow
+        img = Image.open(image_path)
+
+        # Print details of the loaded image
+        printDetails(img)
+
+        # Convert the image to a NumPy array
+        img_array = np.array(img)
+
+        # Print array details
+        printArrayDetails(img_array)
+
+        return img_array
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error loading image: {e}")
+        return None
+
+try:
+    print("LoRa Server Started...")
+    imageArr = loadImage("image.webp")
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    print("\nProgram interrupted")
+finally:
+    # Clean up
+    print("GPIO cleaned up and program terminated.")

03. Hardware Implementation/LoRa Communication/Sender/Imager/Imager_V1.1.py

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+"""
+Created by Bimsara Gawesh
+Last update on 02 March 2025
+Imager for LoRa communication
+This module requires a server for the communication
+This is currenty support for load image from the current directory and produce numpy array for communication
+Version 1.0
+
+Key Parameters:
+Compatible OS: Raspberry Pi Bustter 2020
+Compatible Python Version: Python 3
+Prerequisites: numpy, pillow
+
+Note: Please reffer github repository for more information 
+https://github.com/cepdnaclk/e20-3yp-SkyT
+"""
+
+# Import Python System Libraries
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+
+# Function to print details of the image
+def printDetails(image):
+    """
+    Prints detailed information about the image.
+
+    Parameters:
+        image (PIL.Image): A Pillow Image object.
+
+    Returns:
+        None
+    """
+    try:
+        print("Image Details:")
+        print(f"Format: {image.format}")  # Image format (e.g., JPEG, PNG)
+        print(f"Size: {image.size}")      # Tuple (width, height) in pixels
+        print(f"Mode: {image.mode}")      # Color mode (e.g., 'RGB', 'L', 'RGBA')
+        print(f"Width: {image.width} pixels")
+        print(f"Height: {image.height} pixels")
+        print(f"Channels: {len(image.getbands())}")  # Number of channels (e.g., 3 for RGB, 1 for grayscale)
+
+    except AttributeError:
+        print("Error: Input is not a valid Pillow Image object.")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error processing image: {e}")
+
+# Function to print numpy array
+def printArrayDetails(array, sample_size=5):
+    """
+    Prints details of a NumPy array, including shape, data type, and a sample of the array.
+
+    Parameters:
+        array (numpy.ndarray): The NumPy array to analyze.
+        sample_size (int): Number of elements to display from the beginning and end of the array.
+
+    Returns:
+        None
+    """
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(array, np.ndarray):
+            raise ValueError("Input is not a NumPy array.")
+
+        print("NumPy Array Details:")
+        print(f"Shape: {array.shape}")  # Dimensions of the array
+        print(f"Data Type: {array.dtype}")  # Data type of the array elements
+        print(f"Number of Elements: {array.size}")  # Total number of elements
+        print(f"Number of Dimensions: {array.ndim}")  # Number of dimensions
+
+        # Print a sample of the array
+        if array.size <= 2 * sample_size:
+            print("\nArray Data:")
+            print(array)
+        else:
+
+            print("\nArray Data (Sample):")
+            print("First few elements:")
+            print(array.flatten()[:sample_size])
+            print("Last few elements:")
+            print(array.flatten()[-sample_size:])
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error processing NumPy array: {e}")
+
+# Function to load image and convert it into a numpy array
+def loadImage(image_path):
+    """
+    Loads an image from the specified path and converts it into a NumPy array.
+
+    Parameters:
+        image_path (str): Path to the image file.
+
+    Returns:
+        numpy.ndarray: A NumPy array representing the image.
+                      The shape of the array will be (height, width, channels) for RGB images
+                      or (height, width) for grayscale images.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Open the image using Pillow
+        img = Image.open(image_path)
+
+        # Print details of the loaded image
+        printDetails(img)
+
+        # Convert the image to a NumPy array
+        img_array = np.array(img, dtype=np.uint8)
+
+        # Print array details
+        printArrayDetails(img_array)
+
+        return img_array
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error loading image: {e}")
+        return None

03. Hardware Implementation/LoRa Communication/Sender/Sender/Sender_V1.0.py

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+# Import Python System Libraries
+import time
+
+# Import RFM9x
+import adafruit_rfm9x
+
+# Configure LoRa Radio
+# Import Blinka Libraries
+import busio
+from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction, Pull
+import board
+
+RADIO_FREQ_MHZ = 433.0
+
+print("Board:", end=": ") 
+print(board.CE0)
+
+CS = DigitalInOut(board.CE1)
+RESET = DigitalInOut(board.D22)
+spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, MOSI=board.MOSI, MISO=board.MISO)
+rfm9x = adafruit_rfm9x.RFM9x(spi, CS, RESET, RADIO_FREQ_MHZ)#
+
+# You can however adjust the transmit power (in dB).  The default is 13 dB but
+# high power radios like the RFM95 can go up to 23 dB:
+rfm9x.tx_power = 23
+
+# Apply new modem config settings to the radio to improve its effective range
+rfm9x.signal_bandwidth = 125000
+rfm9x.coding_rate = 14
+#rfm9x.spreading_factor = 12
+rfm9x.enable_crc = True
+
+count = 0
+
+while True:
+	data=bytes(str(count),"utf-8")
+	rfm9x.send(data)
+	print(f"data sent: {data.decode()}")
+
+	if(count >= 99):
+		count = 0
+	else:
+		count += 1
+
+	time.sleep(1)