PlaySketch is an informal web-based sketching tool that targets video game designers. Featureing real-time collaboration, it allows teams of users to collaborate on the same sketch, or a single user to work across multiple devices.
This web-based app is the result of an individual research project I undertook in the Singapore Management University, and supervised by Dr. Richard C. Davis. This page summarises my findings and functionalities of the PlaySketch prototype implemented to demonstrate the application of Operational Transformation as the underlying real-time technology in collaborative sketching on HTML5 Canvas.
The full research paper on this project is available here.
Pioneered by Ellis and Gibbs in 1989, Operational Transformation (OT) is currently the most extensively used concurrency control technology used in modern web-based collaborative tools (e.g. Google Docs, Trello). Early implementations of OT algorithms focused on solving concurrency and consistency issues in text editing groupware systems, with an example of one such issue diagrammed below:
The concurrency issue here occurs when the operation “Del 6” is propagated from Person 1 to Person 2's text editor. Because Person 2 has already removed the third character from the string in operation “Del 3”, “Del 6” cannot be achieved as there are now only five characters left. OT algorithms introduce the concept of transforming any concurrent incoming operation from other sites against the operation that has been executed locally.
OT can be implemented in client-server protocols that support collaboration between any number of clients. The state space diagram below shows all possible traversals of client and server operations. The document state is represented by a tuple of numbered client (left integer) and server (right integer) operations.
My research highlighted the ShareJS OT library implemented in Node.js as a promising toolkit to test OT in HTML5 web apps due to the library's support operations on arbitrary JSON documents. Combined with Fabric.js, a HTML5 Canvas JavaScript library using JSON documents to represent sketches and shapes, following client-server architecture was used to develop the PlaySketch prototype:
Try the PlaySketch prototype here. The app is compatible on Chrome or Firefox browsers, as well as mobile browsers. The default mode in PlaySketch is "drawing mode", with strokes captured on the sketchpad by mouse or touch (on mobile devices). Sketch and shape manipulations (e.g. object/group selections, move, scale, skey) are enabled by cancelling "drawing mode". Operations resulting from manipulations are captured by comparing previous and current object states, before being propagated and transformed. Users can collaborate on sketches by sharing the URL including the hash ID from address bar.
git clone https://github.com/andrewbeng89/playsketch.gitnpm install- Run with
node app - Open Chrome or Firefox to http://localhost:3000