Streamline linting workflow

Linting should give fast feedback. The current workflow takes ~3mins
where most of the time is spent installing (unnecessary) python
packages. To run `pre-commit`, we only need the source files and
`pre-commit`itself, which can be installed standalone. This brings
runtime of the linting stage down to ~30 seconds.

Other changes

- update checkout action to v4
- update python setup action to v5
- change python version from 3.11.7 to 3.11 (any patch number will do)

This is a follow-up of PR NOAA-GFDL/PyFV3#40
in PyFV3.

.github/workflows/lint.yaml

@@ -12,20 +12,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
         - name: Checkout repository
-          uses: actions/checkout@v3.5.2
+          uses: actions/checkout@v4
           with:
             submodules: 'recursive'
-        - name: Step Python
-          uses: actions/[email protected]
+
+        - name: Setup Python 3.11
+          uses: actions/setup-python@v5
           with:
-            python-version: '3.11.7'
-        - name: Install OpenMPI for gt4py
-          run: |
-            sudo apt-get install libopenmpi-dev
-        - name: Install Python packages
-          run: |
-            python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
-            pip install .[develop]
+            python-version: '3.11'
+
+        - name: Install pre-commit
+          run: pip install pre-commit
+
         - name: Run lint via pre-commit
-          run: |
-            pre-commit run --all-files
+          run: pre-commit run --all-files