refactor(prt): use enums for particle status and events #3895

Job	Run time
Build	1m 42s
Check format	1m 12s
Smoke test	5m 55s
Test Intel fortran (ubuntu-22.04)	39m 25s
Extended testing (ubuntu-22.04)	18m 14s
Test Intel fortran (macos-13)	33m 8s
Test GNU fortran (macos-13, false)	44m 54s
Extended testing (macos-13)	53m 36s
Test Intel fortran (windows-2022)	1h 2m 48s
Test GNU fortran (macos-14, false)	36m 22s
Extended testing (windows-2022)	1h 41m 18s
Test GNU fortran (macos-14, true)	1h 15m 20s
Test GNU fortran (ubuntu-22.04, false)	38m 39s
Test GNU fortran (ubuntu-22.04, true)	1h 31m 21s
Test GNU fortran (windows-2022, false)	46m 6s
	10h 50m 0s

Provide feedback