update 08-v0

ChainBuff · Nov 16, 2024 · a41f568 · a41f568
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diff --git a/08-v0/README.md b/08-v0/README.md
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+# `v0` 交易
+
+版本化交易（Versioned Transactions）或称 `v0` 交易是Solana更新过程中引入的一种新的交易类型。因传统（legacy）交易账户数量的限制，`v0` 交易中引入了地址查找表（Address Lookup Tables）功能，用于压缩账户数量，将账户数量限制由35个提升到了64个。
+
+> `v0` 交易在链上套利场景中被广泛应用。
+
+本节将讲解如何创建`v0` 交易和如何使用地址查找表。
+
+## 创建`v0` 交易
+
+以下是创建 `v0`交易的示例。
+
+> 如无特殊要求，推荐所有交易都使用 `v0` 类型。
+
+```ts
+import {
+    Connection,
+    PublicKey,
+    Keypair,
+    TransactionMessage,
+    VersionedTransaction,
+    SystemProgram,
+} from '@solana/web3.js';
+import fs from "fs";
+
+// 创建RPC连接
+const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com", "confirmed");
+
+// 本地导入钱包
+// const fromSecretKey = Uint8Array.from(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json")));
+const fromSecretKey = Uint8Array.from(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2.json")));
+const fromWallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(fromSecretKey);
+```
+
+```ts
+async function main() {
+
+    // 目标地址
+    const toAddress = new PublicKey('buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ');
+
+    // 转账指令
+    const instruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
+        fromPubkey: fromWallet.publicKey,
+        toPubkey: toAddress,
+        lamports: 1000, // 1000 lamports
+    });
+
+    // 创建v0 message
+    const { blockhash } = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
+    const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
+        payerKey: fromWallet.publicKey,
+        recentBlockhash: blockhash, // 最近的区块hash
+        instructions: [instruction], // 指令数组
+    }).compileToV0Message();
+
+    // 创建v0交易并签名
+    const transaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
+    transaction.sign([fromWallet]);
+
+    // 模拟交易
+    const simulateResult = await connection.simulateTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log("模拟交易结果: ", simulateResult);
+
+    // 发送交易
+    const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log(`交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/${signature}`);
+}
+
+main();
+```
+
+通过运行 `npx esrun 08-v0/index.ts`，输出如下：
+
+```
+模拟交易结果:  {
+  context: { apiVersion: '2.0.3', slot: 301586586 },
+  value: {
+    accounts: null,
+    err: null,
+    innerInstructions: null,
+    logs: [
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success'
+    ],
+    replacementBlockhash: null,
+    returnData: null,
+    unitsConsumed: 150
+  }
+}
+交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/5BLjkVYjkLHa7rz7616r6Nx4fbMYe4Y3mBj6ucihrB7hXmjfe59V16MHfPsVYhECZs8qBU6n39kzxLQgm89pQ8k1
+```
+
+区块链浏览器中可以[查看此交易](https://solscan.io/tx/5BLjkVYjkLHa7rz7616r6Nx4fbMYe4Y3mBj6ucihrB7hXmjfe59V16MHfPsVYhECZs8qBU6n39kzxLQgm89pQ8k1)的版本。
+
+![](../img/08-01.png)
+
+## 地址查找表
+
+通过与 `AddressLookupTableProgram` 进行交互，可以创建自己的地址查找表并在交易中引入自己的查找表。
+
+### 创建ALT
+
+```ts
+import {
+    Connection,
+    PublicKey,
+    Keypair,
+    TransactionMessage,
+    VersionedTransaction,
+    SystemProgram,
+    AddressLookupTableProgram
+} from '@solana/web3.js';
+import fs from "fs";
+
+// 创建RPC连接
+// const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com", "confirmed");
+// const connection = new Connection("https://mainnet-ams.chainbuff.com", "confirmed");
+const connection = new Connection("https://chrissy-w0sbco-fast-mainnet.helius-rpc.com", "confirmed");
+
+// 本地导入钱包
+// const fromSecretKey = Uint8Array.from(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json")));
+const secretKey = Uint8Array.from(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2.json")));
+const payer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(secretKey);
+```
+
+```ts
+async function createALT() {
+
+    // 获取当前slot
+    const slot = await connection.getSlot("confirmed");
+
+    // 创建ALT
+    const [lookupTableInstruction, lookupTableAddress] =
+        AddressLookupTableProgram.createLookupTable({
+            authority: payer.publicKey,
+            payer: payer.publicKey,
+            recentSlot: slot,
+        });
+
+    console.log("lookup table address:", lookupTableAddress.toBase58());
+
+    // 创建v0 message
+    const { blockhash } = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
+    const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
+        payerKey: payer.publicKey,
+        recentBlockhash: blockhash, // 最近的区块hash
+        instructions: [lookupTableInstruction], // 指令数组
+    }).compileToV0Message();
+
+    // 创建v0交易并签名
+    const transaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
+    transaction.sign([payer]);
+
+    // 模拟交易
+    const simulateResult = await connection.simulateTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log("模拟交易结果: ", simulateResult);
+
+    // 发送交易
+    const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log(`交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/${signature}`);
+}
+
+// 创建ALT
+createALT();
+```
+
+通过 `npx esrun 08-v0/alt.ts` 运行，输出如下：
+
+```
+ALT账户地址 2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5
+模拟交易结果:  {
+  context: { apiVersion: '2.0.3', slot: 301694685 },
+  value: {
+    accounts: null,
+    err: null,
+    innerInstructions: null,
+    logs: [
+      'Program AddressLookupTab1e1111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success',
+      'Program AddressLookupTab1e1111111111111111111111111 success'
+    ],
+    replacementBlockhash: null,
+    returnData: null,
+    unitsConsumed: 1200
+  }
+}
+交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/5jeF2fY2B83ETueuzcdF5bjXpB949gW9FxMEietnpCDgW7LFgsKFxcnLDYxcE1RDBKcPjMYw3sJQLKv2TxjPajCT
+```
+
+这样我们就创建了一个自己的地址查找表，其地址为 `2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5`。
+
+### 添加账户地址到ALT
+
+```ts
+async function addAddresses() {
+
+    const lookupTableAddress = new PublicKey('2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5')
+
+    // 添加账户到ALT
+    const extendInstruction = AddressLookupTableProgram.extendLookupTable({
+        lookupTable: lookupTableAddress,
+        payer: payer.publicKey,
+        authority: payer.publicKey,
+        addresses: [
+            payer.publicKey,
+            new PublicKey('buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ'),
+            SystemProgram.programId, // 
+        ],
+    });
+
+    // 创建v0 message
+    const { blockhash } = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
+    const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
+        payerKey: payer.publicKey,
+        recentBlockhash: blockhash, // 最近的区块hash
+        instructions: [extendInstruction], // 指令数组
+    }).compileToV0Message();
+
+    // 创建v0交易并签名
+    const transaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
+    transaction.sign([payer]);
+
+    // 模拟交易
+    const simulateResult = await connection.simulateTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log("模拟交易结果: ", simulateResult);
+
+    // 发送交易
+    const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log(`交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/${signature}`);
+
+}
+
+addAddresses()
+```
+
+```
+模拟交易结果:  {
+  context: { apiVersion: '2.0.3', slot: 301695975 },
+  value: {
+    accounts: null,
+    err: null,
+    innerInstructions: null,
+    logs: [
+      'Program AddressLookupTab1e1111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success',
+      'Program AddressLookupTab1e1111111111111111111111111 success'
+    ],
+    replacementBlockhash: null,
+    returnData: null,
+    unitsConsumed: 900
+  }
+}
+交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/ZRM6NDdtFkH4dRxBNe3r4mEg8yNF87UCs8UE2vycec1Y88XcDHWVbU6Wa7den3a9o6EwzdVFQr6PvW2i19Qv5FF
+```
+
+可以在我们的地址查找表账户中查看刚刚添加的账户地址。
+
+![](../img/08-02.png)
+
+### 在 `v0` 交易中使用ALT
+
+```ts
+async function transfer() {
+
+    const lookupTableAddress = new PublicKey('2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5')
+
+    // 获取ALT
+    const ALT = await connection.getAddressLookupTable(lookupTableAddress);
+    const lookupTableAccount = ALT.value;
+    if (!ALT.value) {
+        throw new Error("lookupTableAccount不存在");
+    }
+    console.log('lookupTableAccount:', lookupTableAccount)
+
+    // 目标地址
+    const toAddress = new PublicKey('buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ');
+
+    // 转账指令
+    const instruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
+        fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
+        toPubkey: toAddress,
+        lamports: 1000, // 1000 lamports
+    });
+
+    // 创建v0 message
+    const { blockhash } = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
+    const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
+        payerKey: payer.publicKey,
+        recentBlockhash: blockhash, // 最近的区块hash
+        instructions: [instruction], // 指令数组
+    }).compileToV0Message([lookupTableAccount]);
+
+    // 创建v0交易并签名
+    const transaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
+    transaction.sign([payer]);
+
+    // 模拟交易
+    const simulateResult = await connection.simulateTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log("模拟交易结果: ", simulateResult);
+
+    // 发送交易
+    const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction);
+    console.log(`交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/${signature}`);
+
+}
+
+transfer()
+```
+
+```
+lookupTableAccount: AddressLookupTableAccount {
+  key: PublicKey [PublicKey(2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5)] {
+    _bn: <BN: 1b5e70e8025f0bc9539e0207d27bf9a2290024800ca551cbf773ecf4fef1f9a8>
+  },
+  state: {
+    deactivationSlot: 18446744073709551615n,
+    lastExtendedSlot: 301695984,
+    lastExtendedSlotStartIndex: 0,
+    authority: PublicKey [PublicKey(web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2)] {
+      _bn: <BN: dffdd111813c7234e959650ea4bd1e36e29649a6c25679ee6cdca1f2f317489>
+    },
+    addresses: [
+      [PublicKey [PublicKey(web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2)]],
+      [PublicKey [PublicKey(buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ)]],
+      [PublicKey [PublicKey(11111111111111111111111111111111)]]
+    ]
+  }
+}
+模拟交易结果:  {
+  context: { apiVersion: '2.0.3', slot: 301701358 },
+  value: {
+    accounts: null,
+    err: null,
+    innerInstructions: null,
+    logs: [
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
+      'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success'
+    ],
+    replacementBlockhash: null,
+    returnData: null,
+    unitsConsumed: 150
+  }
+}
+交易已发送: https://solscan.io/tx/4LwygRtiF9ZCrbGKoh8MEzmxowaRHPaDc1nsinkv72uXU2cUCuZ8YskBBgsvbBEMZ5Pqpf6C6WcXtCkqAuLZand1
+```
+
+![](../img/08-03.png)
+
+调用 `getParsedTransaction` 来获取这笔v0交易，如下：
+
+```ts
+async function parseTx() {
+
+    const parsedTransaction = await connection.getParsedTransaction('4LwygRtiF9ZCrbGKoh8MEzmxowaRHPaDc1nsinkv72uXU2cUCuZ8YskBBgsvbBEMZ5Pqpf6C6WcXtCkqAuLZand1', {
+        commitment: "confirmed",
+        maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0
+    });
+    console.log(`已解析的v0交易: ${JSON.stringify(parsedTransaction)}\n`);
+
+}
+
+parseTx()
+```
+
+```
+已解析的v0交易: {"blockTime":1731742689,"meta":{"computeUnitsConsumed":150,"err":null,"fee":5000,"innerInstructions":[],"logMessages":["Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"],"postBalances":[5770640,1,2018400],"postTokenBalances":[],"preBalances":[5776640,1,2017400],"preTokenBalances":[],"rewards":[],"status":{"Ok":null}},"slot":301701368,"transaction":{"message":{"accountKeys":[{"pubkey":"web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2","signer":true,"source":"transaction","writable":true},{"pubkey":"11111111111111111111111111111111","signer":false,"source":"transaction","writable":false},{"pubkey":"buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ","signer":false,"source":"lookupTable","writable":true}],"addressTableLookups":[{"accountKey":"2qqXrZZSG9naivqMyWHHUDRFVNh3YthsTbN5EPU8Poo5","readonlyIndexes":[],"writableIndexes":[1]}],"instructions":[{"parsed":{"info":{"destination":"buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ","lamports":1000,"source":"web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"},"type":"transfer"},"program":"system","programId":"11111111111111111111111111111111","stackHeight":null}],"recentBlockhash":"DcQMezPzouNnbrHufbhrpjFftMxVpDKX4vwCGc2NQHKZ"},"signatures":["4LwygRtiF9ZCrbGKoh8MEzmxowaRHPaDc1nsinkv72uXU2cUCuZ8YskBBgsvbBEMZ5Pqpf6C6WcXtCkqAuLZand1"]},"version":0}
+```