diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index e0fb57ed3a..fc4a2f1640 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v0.0.0-20180118202830-f09979ecbc72
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.2.1
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.9.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0
+	go.uber.org/goleak v1.2.1
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.7.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.19.1
 	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220118154757-00ab72f36ad5
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/inflect v0.19.0 // indirect
@@ -182,8 +183,8 @@ require (
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver v0.23.0 // indirect
 	k8s.io/component-base v0.23.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/klog v0.2.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.30.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/klog v1.0.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.90.1 // indirect
 	moul.io/http2curl v1.0.1-0.20190925090545-5cd742060b0e // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 596d9fa20f..dac231e33b 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -233,8 +233,9 @@ github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0/go.mod h1:wCYkCAKZfumFQihp8CzCvQ3paCTfi41vtzG1KdI/P7A=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v0.1.0/go.mod h1:ixOQHD9gLJUVQQ2ZOR7zLEifBX6tGkNJF4QyIY7sIas=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v0.2.0/go.mod h1:z6/tIYblkpsD+a4lm/fGIIU9mZ+XfAiaFtq7xTgseGU=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.0 h1:QK40JKJyMdUDz+h+xvCsru/bJhvG0UxvePV0ufL/AcE=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3 h1:2DntVwHkVopvECVRSlL5PSo9eG+cAkDCuckLubN+rq0=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
 github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.2.0 h1:n4JnPI1T3Qq1SFEi/F8rwLrZERp2bso19PJZDB9dayk=
 github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:Qa4Bsj2Vb+FAVeAKsLD8RLQ+YRJB8YDmOAKxaBQf7Ro=
 github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.0.0-20180825180245-b006789cd277/go.mod h1:k70tL6pCuVxPJOHXQ+wIac1FUrvNkHolPie/cLEU6hI=
@@ -838,6 +839,7 @@ github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0/go.mod h1:IBiWB2sKIp3wVVQ3Y035++gc+knqhUQag
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.1/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qt09Ya8vawLte6SNmTgCsAVtYtaKzEcn8ATUoHMkEqE=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v0.0.0-20161117074351-18a02ba4a312/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
@@ -846,8 +848,9 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2 h1:4jaiDzPyXQvSd7D0EjG45355tLlV3VOECpq10pLC+8s=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2/go.mod h1:R6va5+xMeoiuVRoj+gSkQ7d3FALtqAAGI1FQKckRals=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0 h1:pSgiaMZlXftHpm5L7V1+rVB+AZJydKsMxsQBIJw4PKk=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.2.0 h1:Slr1R9HxAlEKefgq5jn9U+DnETlIUa6HfgEzj0g5d7s=
 github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.2.0/go.mod h1:N0PQaV/YGNqwC0u51sEeR/aUtSLEXKX9iv69rRypqCw=
 github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.0.0 h1:HsD+QiTn7sK6flMKIvNmpqz1qrpP3Ps6jOKIKMooyg4=
@@ -938,7 +941,8 @@ go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 h1:ECmE8Bn/WFTYwEW/bpKD3M8VtR/zQVbavAoalC1PYyE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10/go.mod h1:8a7PlsEVH3e/a/GLqe5IIrQx6GzcnRmZEufDUTk4A7A=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.11-0.20210813005559-691160354723/go.mod h1:cwTWslyiVhfpKIDGSZEM2HlOvcqm+tG4zioyIeLoqMQ=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.12 h1:gZAh5/EyT/HQwlpkCy6wTpqfH9H8Lz8zbm3dZh+OyzA=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.2.1 h1:NBol2c7O1ZokfZ0LEU9K6Whx/KnwvepVetCUhtKja4A=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.2.1/go.mod h1:qlT2yGI9QafXHhZZLxlSuNsMw3FFLxBr+tBRlmO1xH4=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.1.0/go.mod h1:wR5kodmAFQ0UK8QlbwjlSNy0Z68gJhDJUG5sjR94q/0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cdWPpRnG4AhwMwsgIHip0KRBQjJy5kYEpYjJxpXp9iU=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.7.0 h1:zaiO/rmgFjbmCXdSYJWQcdvOCsthmdaHfr3Gm2Kx4Ec=
@@ -1497,12 +1501,14 @@ k8s.io/component-base v0.23.0/go.mod h1:DHH5uiFvLC1edCpvcTDV++NKULdYYU6pR9Tt3HIK
 k8s.io/gengo v0.0.0-20201203183100-97869a43a9d9/go.mod h1:FiNAH4ZV3gBg2Kwh89tzAEV2be7d5xI0vBa/VySYy3E=
 k8s.io/gengo v0.0.0-20210813121822-485abfe95c7c h1:GohjlNKauSai7gN4wsJkeZ3WAJx4Sh+oT/b5IYn5suA=
 k8s.io/gengo v0.0.0-20210813121822-485abfe95c7c/go.mod h1:FiNAH4ZV3gBg2Kwh89tzAEV2be7d5xI0vBa/VySYy3E=
-k8s.io/klog v0.2.0 h1:0ElL0OHzF3N+OhoJTL0uca20SxtYt4X4+bzHeqrB83c=
 k8s.io/klog v0.2.0/go.mod h1:Gq+BEi5rUBO/HRz0bTSXDUcqjScdoY3a9IHpCEIOOfk=
+k8s.io/klog v1.0.0 h1:Pt+yjF5aB1xDSVbau4VsWe+dQNzA0qv1LlXdC2dF6Q8=
+k8s.io/klog v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4Bi6QPql/J/LkTDqv7R/cd3hPo4k2DG6Ptcz060Ez5I=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:PBfzABfn139FHAV07az/IF9Wp1bkk3vpT2XSJ76fSDE=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:Od+F08eJP+W3HUb4pSrPpgp9DGU4GzlpG/TmITuYh/Y=
-k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.30.0 h1:bUO6drIvCIsvZ/XFgfxoGFQU/a4Qkh0iAlvUR7vlHJw=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.30.0/go.mod h1:y1WjHnz7Dj687irZUWR/WLkLc5N1YHtjLdmgWjndZn0=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.90.1 h1:m4bYOKall2MmOiRaR1J+We67Do7vm9KiQVlT96lnHUw=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.90.1/go.mod h1:y1WjHnz7Dj687irZUWR/WLkLc5N1YHtjLdmgWjndZn0=
 k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20211115234752-e816edb12b65 h1:E3J9oCLlaobFUqsjG9DfKbP2BmgwBL2p7pn0A3dG9W4=
 k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20211115234752-e816edb12b65/go.mod h1:sX9MT8g7NVZM5lVL/j8QyCCJe8YSMW30QvGZWaCIDIk=
 k8s.io/metrics v0.23.3 h1:rX/RBOwqi0atFlTSlpbQ7CX5s/kfqGR9zEefCx9Rv1s=
diff --git a/pkg/forward/forward.go b/pkg/forward/forward.go
index 6e083b32c4..c0b6769409 100644
--- a/pkg/forward/forward.go
+++ b/pkg/forward/forward.go
@@ -332,16 +332,20 @@ func (isdf *InterStepDataForward) forwardAChunk(ctx context.Context) {
 	// let's figure out which vertex to send the results to.
 	// update the toBuffer(s) with writeMessages.
 	for _, m := range udfResults {
-		// look for errors in udf processing, if we see even 1 error let's return. handling partial retrying is not worth ATM.
+		// look for errors in udf processing, if we see even 1 error flag the error boolean and
+		// NoAck all messages then return. Handling partial retrying is not worth ATM.
 		if m.udfError != nil {
 			udfError.With(map[string]string{metrics.LabelVertex: isdf.vertexName, metrics.LabelPipeline: isdf.pipelineName, "buffer": isdf.fromBuffer.GetName()}).Inc()
 			isdf.opts.logger.Errorw("failed to applyUDF", zap.Error(err))
+			// As there's no partial failure, non-ack all the readOffsets
+			isdf.fromBuffer.NoAck(ctx, readOffsets)
 			return
 		}
 		// update toBuffers
 		for _, message := range m.writeMessages {
 			if err := isdf.whereToStep(message, messageToStep, m.readMessage); err != nil {
 				isdf.opts.logger.Errorw("failed in whereToStep", zap.Error(err))
+				isdf.fromBuffer.NoAck(ctx, readOffsets)
 				return
 			}
 		}
@@ -351,6 +355,7 @@ func (isdf *InterStepDataForward) forwardAChunk(ctx context.Context) {
 	writeOffsets, err := isdf.writeToBuffers(ctx, messageToStep)
 	if err != nil {
 		isdf.opts.logger.Errorw("failed to write to toBuffers", zap.Error(err))
+		isdf.fromBuffer.NoAck(ctx, readOffsets)
 		return
 	}
 
diff --git a/pkg/forward/forward_test.go b/pkg/forward/forward_test.go
index 7aebaf4c7a..0ebface65d 100644
--- a/pkg/forward/forward_test.go
+++ b/pkg/forward/forward_test.go
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"go.uber.org/goleak"
+
 	dfv1 "github.com/numaproj/numaflow/pkg/apis/numaflow/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/numaproj/numaflow/pkg/isb"
 	"github.com/numaproj/numaflow/pkg/isb/stores/simplebuffer"
@@ -63,6 +65,10 @@ func (t *testForwardFetcher) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	goleak.VerifyTestMain(m)
+}
+
 // GetWatermark uses current time as the watermark because we want to make sure
 // the test publisher is publishing watermark
 func (t *testForwardFetcher) GetWatermark(_ isb.Offset) wmb.Watermark {
@@ -1085,10 +1091,6 @@ func TestNewInterStepDataForward_UDFError(t *testing.T) {
 	toSteps := map[string]isb.BufferWriter{
 		"to1": to1,
 	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	writeMessages := testutils.BuildTestWriteMessages(int64(20), testStartTime)
 
 	vertex := &dfv1.Vertex{Spec: dfv1.VertexSpec{
 		PipelineName: "testPipeline",
@@ -1097,16 +1099,21 @@ func TestNewInterStepDataForward_UDFError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}}
 
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	writeMessages := testutils.BuildTestWriteMessages(int64(20), testStartTime)
+
 	fetchWatermark, publishWatermark := generic.BuildNoOpWatermarkProgressorsFromBufferMap(toSteps)
 	f, err := NewInterStepDataForward(vertex, fromStep, toSteps, myForwardApplyUDFErrTest{}, myForwardApplyUDFErrTest{}, fetchWatermark, publishWatermark, WithReadBatchSize(2))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, to1.IsFull())
 	assert.True(t, to1.IsEmpty())
 
 	stopped := f.Start()
 	// write some data
 	_, errs := fromStep.Write(ctx, writeMessages[0:5])
 	assert.Equal(t, make([]error, 5), errs)
-
 	assert.True(t, to1.IsEmpty())
 
 	f.Stop()
diff --git a/pkg/isb/interfaces.go b/pkg/isb/interfaces.go
index 20a680f173..2391c9df80 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/interfaces.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/interfaces.go
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ type BufferReader interface {
 	Read(context.Context, int64) ([]*ReadMessage, error)
 	// Ack acknowledges an array of offset.
 	Ack(context.Context, []Offset) []error
+	// NoAck cancel acknowledgement of an array of offset.
+	NoAck(context.Context, []Offset)
 }
 
 // BufferReaderInformation has information regarding the buffer we are reading from.
@@ -92,6 +94,10 @@ type Offset interface {
 	// This is often used when the BufferReader can not simply use the offset identifier to ack the message,
 	// then the work can be done in this function, and call it in BufferReader Ack() function implementation.
 	AckIt() error
+	// NoAck to indicate the offset no longer needs to be acknowledged
+	// It is used when error occur, and we want to reprocess the batch to indicate acknowledgement no
+	// longer needed.
+	NoAck()
 }
 
 // SimpleStringOffset is an Offset convenient function for implementations without needing AckIt() when offset is a string.
@@ -109,6 +115,8 @@ func (so SimpleStringOffset) AckIt() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (so SimpleStringOffset) NoAck() {}
+
 // SimpleIntOffset is an Offset convenient function for implementations without needing AckIt() when offset is a int64.
 type SimpleIntOffset func() int64
 
@@ -123,3 +131,5 @@ func (si SimpleIntOffset) Sequence() (int64, error) {
 func (si SimpleIntOffset) AckIt() error {
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (si SimpleIntOffset) NoAck() {}
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader.go b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader.go
index 8442155648..a46e08a861 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader.go
@@ -270,6 +270,23 @@ func (jr *jetStreamReader) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error
 	return errs
 }
 
+func (jr *jetStreamReader) NoAck(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	for _, o := range offsets {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(o isb.Offset) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			o.NoAck()
+		}(o)
+	}
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	<-done
+}
+
 // offset implements ID interface for JetStream.
 type offset struct {
 	seq        uint64
@@ -283,7 +300,7 @@ func newOffset(msg *nats.Msg, tickDuration time.Duration, log *zap.SugaredLogger
 		seq: metadata.Sequence.Stream,
 		msg: msg,
 	}
-	// If tickDuration is 1s, which means ackWait is 1s or 2s, it doesn not make much sense to do it, instead, increasing ackWait is recommended.
+	// If tickDuration is 1s, which means ackWait is 1s or 2s, it does not make much sense to do it, instead, increasing ackWait is recommended.
 	if tickDuration.Seconds() > 1 {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 		go o.workInProgess(ctx, msg, tickDuration, log)
@@ -322,6 +339,15 @@ func (o *offset) AckIt() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (o *offset) NoAck() {
+	if o.cancelFunc != nil {
+		o.cancelFunc()
+	}
+	// Ignore the returned error as the worst case the message will
+	// take longer to be redelivered.
+	_ = o.msg.Nak()
+}
+
 func (o *offset) Sequence() (int64, error) {
 	return int64(o.seq), nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader_test.go b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader_test.go
index 4af1a35edd..97589983ae 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader_test.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/reader_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"go.uber.org/goleak"
+
 	"github.com/nats-io/nats.go"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -30,6 +32,10 @@ import (
 	natstest "github.com/numaproj/numaflow/pkg/shared/clients/nats/test"
 )
 
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	goleak.VerifyTestMain(m)
+}
+
 func TestJetStreamBufferRead(t *testing.T) {
 	s := natstest.RunJetStreamServer(t)
 	defer natstest.ShutdownJetStreamServer(t, s)
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferRead(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferRead(t *testing.T) {
 	bw, err := NewJetStreamBufferWriter(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, streamName, streamName, streamName)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	jw, _ := bw.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer jw.Close()
 	// Add some data
 	startTime := time.Unix(1636470000, 0)
 	messages := testutils.BuildTestWriteMessages(int64(20), startTime)
@@ -77,6 +85,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferRead(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	fromStep := bufferReader.(*jetStreamReader)
+	defer fromStep.Close()
 
 	readMessages, err := fromStep.Read(ctx, 20)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ func TestGetName(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 
 	streamName := "getName"
 	addStream(t, js, streamName)
@@ -142,6 +152,7 @@ func TestGetName(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	br := bufferReader.(*jetStreamReader)
 	assert.Equal(t, br.GetName(), streamName)
+	defer br.Close()
 
 }
 
@@ -156,6 +167,7 @@ func TestClose(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -172,8 +184,6 @@ func TestClose(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func addStream(t *testing.T, js *jsclient.JetStreamContext, streamName string) {
-	s := natstest.RunJetStreamServer(t)
-	defer natstest.ShutdownJetStreamServer(t, s)
 
 	_, err := js.AddStream(&nats.StreamConfig{
 		Name:       streamName,
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer.go b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer.go
index 2f09eb8036..fd0f618d08 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer.go
@@ -327,3 +327,5 @@ func (w *writeOffset) Sequence() (int64, error) {
 func (w *writeOffset) AckIt() error {
 	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
 }
+
+func (w *writeOffset) NoAck() {}
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer_test.go b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer_test.go
index 04c3a47708..a16f780f2a 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/jetstream/writer_test.go
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ func TestForwarderJetStreamBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func TestForwarderJetStreamBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	bw, err := NewJetStreamBufferWriter(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, streamName, streamName, streamName, WithMaxLength(10))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	jw, _ := bw.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer jw.Close()
 	// Add some data
 	startTime := time.Unix(1636470000, 0)
 	messages := testutils.BuildTestWriteMessages(int64(10), startTime)
@@ -103,13 +105,13 @@ func TestForwarderJetStreamBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	// Forwarder logic tested here with a jetstream read and write
 	bufferReader, err := NewJetStreamBufferReader(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, streamName, streamName, streamName)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
 	fromStep, _ := bufferReader.(*jetStreamReader)
+	defer fromStep.Close()
 
 	bufferWriter, err := NewJetStreamBufferWriter(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, toStreamName, toStreamName, toStreamName, WithMaxLength(10))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
 	to1 := bufferWriter.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer to1.Close()
 	toSteps := map[string]isb.BufferWriter{
 		"to1": to1,
 	}
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ func TestForwarderJetStreamBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	for streamInfo.State.Msgs != 10 {
 		streamInfo, _ = to1js.StreamInfo(toStreamName)
 		if streamInfo.State.Msgs == 10 {
-			return
+			break
 		}
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ func TestForwarderJetStreamBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	fromStepInfo, err := fromStepJs.StreamInfo(streamName)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	// Make sure all messages are cleared up from from buffer as DiscardOldPolicy is false
+	// Make sure all messages are cleared up from buffer as DiscardOldPolicy is false
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), fromStepInfo.State.Msgs)
 
 	// Call stop to end the test as we have a blocking read. The forwarder is up and running with no messages written
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferWriterBufferFull(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -176,6 +179,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferWriterBufferFull(t *testing.T) {
 	bw, err := NewJetStreamBufferWriter(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, streamName, streamName, streamName, WithMaxLength(10), WithBufferUsageLimit(0.2))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	jw, _ := bw.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer jw.Close()
 	timeout := time.After(10 * time.Second)
 	for jw.isFull.Load() {
 		select {
@@ -223,6 +227,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferWriterBufferFull_DiscardLatest(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -233,6 +238,7 @@ func TestJetStreamBufferWriterBufferFull_DiscardLatest(t *testing.T) {
 	bw, err := NewJetStreamBufferWriter(ctx, defaultJetStreamClient, streamName, streamName, streamName, WithMaxLength(10), WithBufferUsageLimit(0.2), WithBufferFullWritingStrategy(dfv1.DiscardLatest))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	jw, _ := bw.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer jw.Close()
 	timeout := time.After(10 * time.Second)
 	for jw.isFull.Load() {
 		select {
@@ -279,6 +285,7 @@ func TestWriteGetName(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -290,6 +297,7 @@ func TestWriteGetName(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	bw := bufferWriter.(*jetStreamReader)
+	defer bw.Close()
 	assert.Equal(t, bw.GetName(), streamName)
 
 }
@@ -305,6 +313,7 @@ func TestWriteClose(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultJetStreamClient := natstest.JetStreamClient(t, s)
 	conn, err := defaultJetStreamClient.Connect(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
 	js, err := conn.JetStream()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -316,6 +325,6 @@ func TestWriteClose(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	bw := bufferWriter.(*jetStreamWriter)
+	defer bw.Close()
 	assert.NoError(t, bw.Close())
-
 }
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/redis/read.go b/pkg/isb/stores/redis/read.go
index 7527240171..e6774737e1 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/redis/read.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/redis/read.go
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ func (br *BufferRead) setError(errMsg string, err error) {
 	br.BufferReadInfo.refreshEmptyError.Inc()
 	br.setIsEmptyFlag(false)
 }
+
 func (br *BufferRead) Pending(_ context.Context) (int64, error) {
 	// TODO: not implemented
 	return isb.PendingNotAvailable, nil
diff --git a/pkg/isb/stores/simplebuffer/buffer.go b/pkg/isb/stores/simplebuffer/buffer.go
index dd147cf5d8..c409724c0f 100644
--- a/pkg/isb/stores/simplebuffer/buffer.go
+++ b/pkg/isb/stores/simplebuffer/buffer.go
@@ -264,6 +264,8 @@ func (b *InMemoryBuffer) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error {
 	return errs
 }
 
+func (b *InMemoryBuffer) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 // GetMessages gets the first num messages in the in mem buffer
 // this function is for testing purpose
 func (b *InMemoryBuffer) GetMessages(num int) []*isb.Message {
diff --git a/pkg/shared/clients/redis/redis_reader.go b/pkg/shared/clients/redis/redis_reader.go
index 7de0aa6303..339998117e 100644
--- a/pkg/shared/clients/redis/redis_reader.go
+++ b/pkg/shared/clients/redis/redis_reader.go
@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ func (br *RedisStreamsRead) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error
 	return errs
 }
 
+func (br *RedisStreamsRead) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 // processXReadResult is used to process the results of XREADGROUP
 func (br *RedisStreamsRead) processXReadResult(startIndex string, count int64) ([]redis.XStream, error) {
 	result := br.Client.XReadGroup(RedisContext, &redis.XReadGroupArgs{
diff --git a/pkg/sources/generator/tickgen.go b/pkg/sources/generator/tickgen.go
index 6a8fcd9b33..8554a7b35b 100644
--- a/pkg/sources/generator/tickgen.go
+++ b/pkg/sources/generator/tickgen.go
@@ -284,6 +284,8 @@ func (mg *memgen) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error {
 	return make([]error, len(offsets))
 }
 
+func (mg *memgen) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 func (mg *memgen) Close() error {
 	if err := mg.sourcePublishWM.Close(); err != nil {
 		mg.logger.Errorw("Failed to close source vertex watermark publisher", zap.Error(err))
diff --git a/pkg/sources/http/http.go b/pkg/sources/http/http.go
index 729c575dcd..64c2c50a08 100644
--- a/pkg/sources/http/http.go
+++ b/pkg/sources/http/http.go
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ func (h *httpSource) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error {
 	return make([]error, len(offsets))
 }
 
+func (h *httpSource) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 func (h *httpSource) Close() error {
 	h.logger.Info("Shutting down http source server...")
 	h.cancelFunc()
diff --git a/pkg/sources/kafka/reader.go b/pkg/sources/kafka/reader.go
index 54937910c8..aeba706260 100644
--- a/pkg/sources/kafka/reader.go
+++ b/pkg/sources/kafka/reader.go
@@ -193,6 +193,8 @@ func (r *KafkaSource) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error {
 	return make([]error, len(offsets))
 }
 
+func (r *KafkaSource) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 func (r *KafkaSource) Start() <-chan struct{} {
 	go r.startConsumer()
 	// wait for the consumer to setup.
diff --git a/pkg/sources/nats/nats.go b/pkg/sources/nats/nats.go
index a18d92f7bc..d381b95a00 100644
--- a/pkg/sources/nats/nats.go
+++ b/pkg/sources/nats/nats.go
@@ -252,6 +252,8 @@ func (ns *natsSource) Ack(_ context.Context, offsets []isb.Offset) []error {
 	return make([]error, len(offsets))
 }
 
+func (ns *natsSource) NoAck(_ context.Context, _ []isb.Offset) {}
+
 func (ns *natsSource) Close() error {
 	ns.logger.Info("Shutting down nats source server...")
 	ns.cancelfn()