To develop using docker, you can use WP ENV. Be sure to be in the root directory of the plugin and then run the following commands.
npm -g i @wordpress/env
cp .wp-env.example.json .wp-env.json
wp-env start
After a little bit of time this should spin up a blank WordPress install at localhost:8888 where you can test the plugin functionality. Additional paramters can be added to the .wp-env.json file. More info can be found here.
To bring the stack down you can run:
wp-env stop