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Updated: structure, added docs, clean up files
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upupming committed Jan 18, 2019
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2,767 changes: 0 additions & 2,767 deletions #01_first_page.lyx#

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*.lyx#
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19 changes: 16 additions & 3 deletions 00_main.lyx
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\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Note
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
遇到陌生的单词、约定俗成的语法记得加入 glossary.md 中,方便大家后续阅读文献、术语统一。
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset include
LatexCommand input
filename "02_overview.lyx"
filename "02_introduction.lyx"

\end_inset

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\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset include
LatexCommand input
filename "03_notations.lyx"
filename "03_assumptions_and_notations.lyx"

\end_inset

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\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset include
LatexCommand input
filename "05_model_analyse.lyx"
filename "05_results.lyx"

\end_inset

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95 changes: 58 additions & 37 deletions 01_first_page.lyx
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\backslash
LARGE{Title of the Paper}
LARGE{Keep Right to Keep “Right”}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
HF radio waves will reflect several times between ionosphere and ocean surface
to spread the information in a special direction.
However, the characteristics of the ocean surface will influence its propagatio
n a lot, which will complicate the situation.In order to study the rules
of the transmission of HF radio waves, we first analyze the loss in each
process, including launching, receiving and propagating.
Next, we build three sub-models to discuss the three main processes in
the sky-wave transmission.

\series bold
Our goal is a model to
\series default
evaluate the performance of the keep-right-exceptto- pass (KRETP) rule
and other alternatives, by simulating the traffic flow on a freeway.
We construct models to analyze five influencing factors.
Then we integrate multiple criteria to judge the performance of nine rules
using a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
In Sub-model I, we analyze the reflection and transmission of HF radio waves
in ionosphere.
We can calculate the value of MUF in a given condition, which is 10.99Hz.
Our sub-model manifests that the higher the frequency of HF radio waves
and the smaller the angle of incidence, the far less the loss caused by
ionosphere.

\series bold
Our basic model focuses on
\series default
lane-changing behavior, an essential component of overtaking (passing).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
In Sub-model II, we discuss the differences of the reflection on between
the calm and turbulent ocean surface.
In the calm ocean situation,the loss is extremely small because the Fresnell
reflection coefficient nearly equals to 1.Yet in the turbulent ocean, we
can merely consider it as diffuse.
Aimed to simplify the model, we take advantage of the sine function to
simulate the shape of ocean waves, and get the probable density of reflection
power in different angles.We find the reflection power on the turbulent
surface is almost 100 times smaller than that on calm surface.


\series bold
We extend our model
\series default
with a cellular automaton-based approach.
We assume that the drivers will change the lane with a specific probability
if trigger and safety conditions are satisfied.
We simulate traffic flow on a long section of a freeway, controlling occupancy,
varying the number of lanes, maximum speed limit, minimum speed limit,
and signaling behavior.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
In Sub-model III, we tend to consider a signal received by the ship in the
turbulent ocean.
First we assume a situation in the twodimensional space.
Comparing to the signal reception on the calm ocean, we find: 1 the receivable
distance will be shorter.
2 the receiving power intensity is unstable because the ocean is choppy
causing the swing of the antenna.

\series bold
In addition to KRETP, we examine four other rules
\series default
by revising the laws governing the cells in the cellular automaton.
Then we design five improved rules.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
We choose flow rate and average speed as traffic flow criteria, sharp braking
frequency as a safety criterion, and satisfaction and standard deviation
of speed as experience criteria.
Then we use a fuzzy synthetic evaluation technique to integrate these criteria
to determine the performance of each rule.
We find that in a light traffic, a partial-assigned-lane-and-keep-rightrule
performs the best, while in heavy traffic, a different-speed-limit-on-each-lane
rule is preferred.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
The sensitivity analysis of our model has pointed out that the MUF varies
in different periods while the value is greater in the daytime and smaller
at night.
Also we find that the height of the ocean waves is not an important factor
for the power of reflecting radio waves.
We
\series bold
change the probability of lane-changing
\series default
to adjust our model to a country such as Great Britain.Moreover, we also
simulate a freeway fully controlled by an intelligent system.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
Additionally, we
\series bold
refine our extended model
\series default
by considering the on- and off-ramps.
We adopt open boundary conditions and assume that the vehicles flowing
in are Poisson-distributed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
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68 changes: 0 additions & 68 deletions 01_first_page.tex

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94 changes: 88 additions & 6 deletions 02_overview.lyx → 02_introduction.lyx
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Section
Overview
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
test context of reference
A freeway is a controlled-access highway designed for high-speed vehicles.
It provides an unhindered flow of traffic with no traffic lights or intersectio
ns.
The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass (KRETP) rule, also known as “Slower Traffic
Keep Right,” is often employed in right-hand traffic to raise traffic flow.
In this paper, we simulate different rules for overtaking and compare them
so as to attempt to find an optimal rule.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Test context of reference
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "zynq"
key "L-zynq"
literal "false"

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\end_inset


HF radio waves can be transmitted in the following three modes: skywave,
ground wave, direct wave [1].
The "Multi-hop HF Radio propagation" referred in the MCM’s problem A is
an application of sky wave.
Skywave which we use in our model is propagated relying the ionosphere
which is the high-level (80 to 1000 kilometers above the ground) atmosphere
ionized by solar radiation [6].
Because of the multiple reflections off the ionosphere and off the earth,
its propagation distance can be very far, generally more than 9600 kilometers
[2].
The disad-vantage is that it is affected by the climate and the transmission
signal is very unstable.
The short-wave frequency band is the best of the skywave propagation.
Figure 1 displays the propagation mode.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
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\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
placement H
wide false
sideways false
status open
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\end_inset

We are required to build a mathematical model to analyze the performance
of KRETP and alternative rules.
We have two subproblems:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Build a model that can simulate the overtaking process.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Propose mathematical criteria to determine the performance of a rule.
In the first step, we build a model with inputs such as the speed limit
plus other factors.
In the second step, we consider the tradeoff between traffic flow, safety,
and other factors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Literature Review and Our Work
Literature Review
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Nagel and Schreckenberg [1992] built a model to simulate freeway traffic,
a simple cellular automaton model known as the “N-S model.” They defined
a one-dimensional lane.
In their model, each site may be occupied byone vehicle or else be empty.
Each vehicle hasan integer velocitybetween 0 and vmax.
At each time step, four sub-steps are performed: acceleration, slowing
down, random speeding or slowing, and car motion.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Rickert et al.
[1996] introduced a model with two parallel lanes.
Several conditions have to be fulfilled before a vehicle changes lanes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
no other vehicle is in the way,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
other lanes are better, and
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
no collision will occur.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
They too simulated using a cellular automaton, with reasonable results.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A multi-lane model does not have to be lane-symmetric.
Differences may include different speed limits on each lane, different
kinds of vehicles, etc.
Chowdhuryet al.
[1997] created a model with different kinds of vehicles with different
maximum speeds.
They showed that even if the share of “slow cars” is relatively low, “fast
cars” can move only at a low speed.
However, Knospe and Santen [1999] suggested that the influence of “slow
cars” might have been overestimated.
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document
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