blockchain.py

import hashlib
import json
from time import time
from textwrap import dedent
from uuid import uuid4
from urllib.parse import urlparse

from flask import Flask, jsonify

class Blockchain(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.nodes = set()
        self.chain = []
        self.current_transactions  = []

        self.new_block(previous_hash=1, proof=100)

    def new_block(self, proof, previous_hash=None):
        block = {
            'index': len(self.chain) + 1,
            'timestamp': time(),
            'transactions': self.current_transactions,
            'proof': proof,
            'previous_hash': previous_hash or self.hash(self.last_block)
        }

        self.current_transactions = []
        self.chain.append(block)
        return block

    def new_transaction(self, sender, recipient, amount):
        self.current_transactions.append({
            'sender': sender,
            'recipient':recipient,
            'amount':amount
        })

        return self.last_block['index'] + 1

    @staticmethod
    def hash(block):
        block_string = json.dumps(block, sort_keys=True).encode()
        return hashlib.sha256(block_string).hexdigest()

    @property
    def last_block(self):
       return self.chain[-1]

    def proof_of_work(self, last_proof):
        proof = 0
        while not self.valid_proof(last_proof, proof):
            proof += 1

        return proof

    @staticmethod
    def valid_proof(last_proof, proof):
        guess = f'{last_proof}{proof}'.encode()
        guess_hash = hashlib.sha256(guess).hexdigest()

        return guess_hash[:4] == "0000"

    def register_node(self, address):
        parsed_url = urlparse(address)
        self.nodes.add(parsed_url.netloc)

    def valid_chain(self, chain):
        last_block = chain[0]
        current_index = 1

        while current_index < len(chain):
            block = chain[current_index]
            print(last_block)
            print(block)
            print("\n--------\n")

            if block['previous_hash'] != self.hash(last_block):
                return False

            if not self.valid_proof(last_block['proof'], block['proof']):
                return False

            last_block = block
            current_index += 1

        return True

    def resolve_conflicts(self):

        neighbours = self.nodes
        new_chain = None

        max_length = len(self.chain)

        for node in neighbours:
            response = requests.get(f'http://{node}/chain')

            if response.status_code == 200:
                length = response.json()['length']
                chain = response.json()['chain']

                if length > max_length and self.valid_chain(chain):
                    max_length = length
                    new_chain = chain

        if new_chain:
            self.chain = new_chain
            return True

        return False

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='')

node_identifier = str(uuid4()).replace('-', '')
blockchain = Blockchain()

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return app.send_static_file('index.html')

@app.route('/mine', methods=['GET'])
def mine():
    last_block = blockchain.last_block
    last_proof = last_block['proof']

    proof = blockchain.proof_of_work(last_proof)

    blockchain.new_transaction(
        sender="0",
        recipient=node_identifier,
        amount=1
    )

    previous_hash = blockchain.hash(last_block)
    block = blockchain.new_block(proof, previous_hash)

    response = {
        'message': "New Block Forged",
        'index': block['index'],
        'transactions': block['transactions'],
        'proof': block['proof'],
        'previous_hash': block['previous_hash']
    }

    return jsonify(response), 200

@app.route('/transactions/new', methods=['POST'])
def new_transaction():
    values = request.get_json()

    required = ['sender', 'recipient', 'amount']
    if not all(k in values for k in required):
        return 'Missing values', 400

    index = blockchain.new_transaction(values['sender'], values['recipient'], values['amount'])

    response = {'message': f'Transaction will be added to Block {index}'}
    return jsonify(response), 201

@app.route('/chain', methods=['GET'])
def full_chain():
    response = {
        'chain': blockchain.chain,
        'length': len(blockchain.chain)
    }

    return jsonify(response), 200

@app.route('/nodes/register', methods=['POST'])
def register_nodes():
    values = request.get_json()
    nodes = values.get('nodes')

    if nodes is None:
        return "Error: Please supply a valid list of nodes", 400

    for node in nodes:
        blockchain.register_node(node)

    response = {
        'message': 'New nodes have been addded',
        'total_nodes': list(blockchain.nodes)
    }

    return jsonify(response), 201

@app.route('/nodes/resolve', methods=['GET'])
def consensus():
    replaced = blockchain.resolve_conflicts()

    if replaced:
        response = {
            'message': 'Out chain was replaced',
            'new_chain': blockchain.chain
        }
    else:
        response = {
            'message': 'Our chain is authoritative',
            'chain': blockchain.chain
        }

    return jsonify(response), 200

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)