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Architectural Guidelines for Copper Print Gallery System

1. Code Organization and Structure

  • Follow a modular architecture, separating concerns into distinct services.
  • Use a consistent directory structure across all services.
  • Implement a clean architecture pattern (e.g., layers for controllers, services, and data access).
  • Keep business logic separate from framework-specific code.

2. Coding Standards

  • Adhere to language-specific style guides (e.g., ESLint for JavaScript, PEP 8 for Python).
  • Use consistent naming conventions across all services (camelCase for JavaScript, snake_case for Python).
  • Write self-documenting code with clear, descriptive names for variables, functions, and classes.
  • Include inline comments for complex logic, but prefer clear code over excessive comments.

3. API Design

  • Follow RESTful principles for API design.
  • Use versioning in API routes (e.g., /api/v1/...) to allow for future changes.
  • Implement consistent error handling and response formats across all APIs.
  • Use HTTP status codes appropriately.
  • Document all APIs using a standard format (e.g., OpenAPI/Swagger).

4. Authentication and Authorization

  • Use Keycloak for centralized authentication and authorization.
  • Implement role-based access control (RBAC) consistently across all services.
  • Use JWT tokens for stateless authentication.
  • Never store sensitive information (passwords, tokens) in plain text.

5. Data Management

  • Use database migrations for version control of database schemas.
  • Implement data validation at both API and database levels.
  • Use parameterized queries or ORMs to prevent SQL injection.
  • Implement proper indexing in the database for frequently accessed data.

6. Error Handling and Logging

  • Implement centralized error handling and logging.
  • Use a consistent logging format across all services.
  • Log all critical operations and errors.
  • Implement different log levels (DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR) and use them appropriately.

7. Testing

  • Aim for high test coverage (suggest a minimum of 80%).
  • Write unit tests for all business logic.
  • Implement integration tests for API endpoints.
  • Use mocking for external dependencies in unit tests.
  • Implement end-to-end tests for critical user journeys.

8. Security

  • Keep all dependencies up to date and regularly check for vulnerabilities.
  • Implement proper input validation and sanitization.
  • Use HTTPS for all communications.
  • Implement rate limiting to prevent abuse.
  • Follow the principle of least privilege for all system components.

9. Performance

  • Implement caching strategies where appropriate (e.g., Redis for frequently accessed data).
  • Use pagination for large data sets.
  • Optimize database queries and use indexing effectively.
  • Implement lazy loading for images in the frontend.

10. Scalability

  • Design services to be stateless to allow for easy horizontal scaling.
  • Use containerization (e.g., Docker) for consistent environments and easy deployment.
  • Implement health check endpoints for all services.
  • Design with eventual consistency in mind for distributed systems.

11. Monitoring and Observability

  • Implement application performance monitoring (APM).
  • Use distributed tracing to track requests across services.
  • Set up alerts for critical errors and performance thresholds.
  • Implement proper metrics collection for system health and performance.

12. Documentation

  • Maintain up-to-date README files for each service.
  • Document system architecture and data flow.
  • Keep API documentation in sync with the actual implementation.
  • Document all configuration options and environment variables.

13. Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD)

  • Implement automated builds and tests for all pull requests.
  • Use feature branches and pull requests for all changes.
  • Implement automated deployment pipelines.
  • Use infrastructure as code (e.g., Terraform) for managing cloud resources.

14. Internationalization

  • Use a translation management system for handling multilingual content.
  • Implement locale-based routing for language-specific URLs.
  • Use ICU message format for complex translations involving plurals and gender.

15. Accessibility

  • Follow WCAG 2.1 AA standards for all user interfaces.
  • Implement keyboard navigation for all interactive elements.
  • Use ARIA attributes where appropriate.
  • Regularly conduct accessibility audits.

These guidelines should help ensure a consistent, maintainable, and robust system. Remember to review and update these guidelines periodically as the system evolves and new best practices emerge.