From 952a4e8cd0c91792f226cf6c2f64107698f2ff0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Heinz N. Gies" <heinz@licenser.net>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2024 14:19:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] initial take on lazy value

Signed-off-by: Heinz N. Gies <heinz@licenser.net>
---
 Cargo.toml                    |  4 +-
 src/value/lazy.rs             | 33 ++++++++++++----
 src/value/lazy/array.rs       | 18 ++++-----
 src/value/lazy/cmp.rs         | 41 ++++++++++----------
 src/value/lazy/from.rs        | 67 +++++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/value/lazy/object.rs      | 38 +++++++++---------
 src/value/lazy/trait_impls.rs | 72 +++++++++++++++++++----------------
 src/value/tape.rs             |  6 ++-
 src/value/tape/trait_impls.rs | 22 +++++------
 9 files changed, 170 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b0fa2ae2..0a8db41d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "simd-json"
-version = "0.13.10"
+version = "0.14.0-rc.1"
 authors = ["Heinz N. Gies <heinz@licenser.net>", "Sunny Gleason"]
 edition = "2021"
 exclude = ["data/*", "fuzz/*"]
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ simdutf8 = { version = "0.1.4", features = ["public_imp", "aarch64_neon"] }
 lexical-core = { version = "0.8", features = ["format"] }
 beef = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
 halfbrown = "0.2"
-value-trait = { version = "0.9" }
+value-trait = { version = "0.9.0-rc.1" }
 # ahash known key
 once_cell = { version = "1.17", optional = true }
 ahash = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
diff --git a/src/value/lazy.rs b/src/value/lazy.rs
index 64d5c34f..48bf9dfe 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy.rs
@@ -38,24 +38,41 @@ pub use object::Object;
 /// performed it will stay a tape. If a mutating operation is performed it will upgrade to a borrowed
 /// value.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Value<'tape, 'input>
-where
-    'input: 'tape,
-{
+pub enum Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// tape variant
     Tape(tape::Value<'tape, 'input>),
     /// borrowed variant
-    Value(Cow<'tape, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
+    Value(Cow<'borrow, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
 }
 
-impl Default for Value<'static, '_> {
+impl Default for Value<'static, 'static, '_> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     fn default() -> Self {
         Value::Value(Cow::Owned(borrowed::Value::default()))
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
+    /// turns the lazy value into a borrowed value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_value(self) -> borrowed::Value<'input> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Tape(tape) => {
+                let value = super::borrowed::BorrowSliceDeserializer::from_tape(tape.0).parse();
+                value
+            }
+            Value::Value(value) => value.into_owned(),
+        }
+    }
+    /// extends the Value COW is owned
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_owned<'snot>(self) -> Value<'snot, 'tape, 'input> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Tape(tape) => Value::Tape(tape),
+            Value::Value(Cow::Owned(value)) => Value::Value(Cow::Owned(value)),
+            Value::Value(Cow::Borrowed(value)) => Value::Value(Cow::Owned(value.clone())),
+        }
+    }
     /// returns true when the current representation is a tape
     #[must_use]
     pub fn is_tape(&self) -> bool {
@@ -109,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(tarpaulin_include))]
-impl<'tape, 'value> fmt::Display for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> fmt::Display for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         match &self {
             Value::Tape(tape) => write!(f, "{tape:?}"),
diff --git a/src/value/lazy/array.rs b/src/value/lazy/array.rs
index 3c985b3b..ab82c20a 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy/array.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy/array.rs
@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ use crate::{borrowed, tape};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 /// Wrapper around the tape that allows interacting with it via a `Array`-like API.
-pub enum Array<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum Array<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tape variant
     Tape(tape::Array<'tape, 'input>),
     /// Value variant
-    Value(&'tape borrowed::Array<'input>),
+    Value(&'borrow borrowed::Array<'input>),
 }
 
-pub enum ArrayIter<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum ArrayIter<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     Tape(tape::array::Iter<'tape, 'input>),
-    Value(std::slice::Iter<'tape, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
+    Value(std::slice::Iter<'borrow, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for ArrayIter<'tape, 'input> {
-    type Item = Value<'tape, 'input>;
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Iterator for ArrayIter<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
+    type Item = Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self {
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for ArrayIter<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // value_trait::Array for
-impl<'tape, 'input> Array<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Array<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Gets a ref to a value based on n index, returns `None` if the
     /// current Value isn't an Array or doesn't contain the index
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get<'a>(&'a self, idx: usize) -> Option<Value<'a, 'input>> {
+    pub fn get<'a>(&'a self, idx: usize) -> Option<Value<'a, 'tape, 'input>> {
         match self {
             Array::Tape(t) => t.get(idx).map(Value::Tape),
             Array::Value(v) => v.get(idx).map(Cow::Borrowed).map(Value::Value),
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Array<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Iterates over the values paris
     #[allow(clippy::pedantic)] // we want into_iter_without_iter but that lint doesn't exist in older clippy
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn iter<'i>(&'i self) -> ArrayIter<'i, 'input> {
+    pub fn iter<'i>(&'i self) -> ArrayIter<'i, 'tape, 'input> {
         match self {
             Array::Tape(t) => ArrayIter::Tape(t.iter()),
             Array::Value(v) => ArrayIter::Value(v.iter()),
diff --git a/src/value/lazy/cmp.rs b/src/value/lazy/cmp.rs
index 01f10b62..4e54998a 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy/cmp.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy/cmp.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use value_trait::{base::ValueAsScalar, derived::TypedScalarValue};
 
 use super::Value;
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<()> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<()> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, _other: &()) -> bool {
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<()> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<bool> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<bool> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &bool) -> bool {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<bool> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<str> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<str> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<str> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<&str> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<&str> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool {
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<&str> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<String> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<String> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<String> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i8> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i8> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &i8) -> bool {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i8> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i16> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i16> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &i16) -> bool {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i16> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &i32) -> bool {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &i64) -> bool {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i128> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i128> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &i128) -> bool {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<i128> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u8> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u8> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &u8) -> bool {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u8> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u16> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u16> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &u16) -> bool {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u16> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &u32) -> bool {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &u64) -> bool {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<usize> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<usize> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &usize) -> bool {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<usize> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u128> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u128> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &u128) -> bool {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<u128> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &f32) -> bool {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f32> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn eq(&self, other: &f64) -> bool {
@@ -147,10 +147,11 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> PartialEq<f64> for Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input, K, T, S> PartialEq<std::collections::HashMap<K, T, S>> for Value<'tape, 'input>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input, K, T, S> PartialEq<std::collections::HashMap<K, T, S>>
+    for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>
 where
     K: Borrow<str> + std::hash::Hash + Eq,
-    for<'t, 'i> T: PartialEq<Value<'t, 'i>>,
+    for<'b, 't, 'i> T: PartialEq<Value<'b, 't, 'i>>,
     S: std::hash::BuildHasher,
 {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
diff --git a/src/value/lazy/from.rs b/src/value/lazy/from.rs
index 3531bf41..f82f29f0 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy/from.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy/from.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@ use super::Value;
 use crate::StaticNode;
 use crate::{borrowed, cow::Cow};
 use std::borrow::Cow as StdCow;
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<StaticNode> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<borrowed::Value<'value>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
+    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
+    #[must_use]
+    fn from(v: borrowed::Value<'value>) -> Self {
+        Value::Value(StdCow::Owned(v))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<StaticNode> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: StaticNode) -> Self {
@@ -10,7 +19,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<StaticNode> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value, T> From<Option<T>> for Value<'tape, 'value>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value, T> From<Option<T>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value>
 where
     borrowed::Value<'value>: From<Option<T>>,
 {
@@ -21,7 +30,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 /********* str_ **********/
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<&'value str> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<&'value str> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: &'value str) -> Self {
@@ -30,7 +39,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<&'value str> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "beef")]
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>) -> Self {
@@ -39,7 +48,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value>
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "beef"))]
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>) -> Self {
@@ -48,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<std::borrow::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value>
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "beef")]
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<beef::lean::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<beef::lean::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: beef::lean::Cow<'value, str>) -> Self {
@@ -56,7 +65,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<beef::lean::Cow<'value, str>> for Value<'tape, 'value>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<String> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<String> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: String) -> Self {
@@ -65,14 +74,14 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<String> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 /********* atoms **********/
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<bool> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<bool> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: bool) -> Self {
         Value::Value(StdCow::Owned(borrowed::Value::from(v)))
     }
 }
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<()> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<()> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: ()) -> Self {
@@ -81,7 +90,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<()> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 /********* i_ **********/
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<i8> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<i8> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: i8) -> Self {
@@ -89,7 +98,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<i8> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<i16> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<i16> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: i16) -> Self {
@@ -97,7 +106,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<i16> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<i32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<i32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: i32) -> Self {
@@ -105,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<i32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<i64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<i64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: i64) -> Self {
@@ -114,7 +123,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<i64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "128bit")]
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<i128> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<i128> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: i128) -> Self {
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<i128> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 /********* u_ **********/
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<u8> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<u8> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: u8) -> Self {
@@ -131,7 +140,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<u8> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<u16> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<u16> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: u16) -> Self {
@@ -139,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<u16> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<u32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<u32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: u32) -> Self {
@@ -147,7 +156,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<u32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<u64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<u64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: u64) -> Self {
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<u64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "128bit")]
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<u128> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<u128> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: u128) -> Self {
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<u128> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<usize> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<usize> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: usize) -> Self {
@@ -173,7 +182,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<usize> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 }
 
 /********* f_ **********/
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<f32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<f32> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: f32) -> Self {
@@ -181,7 +190,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<f32> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<f64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<f64> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: f64) -> Self {
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> From<f64> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value, S> From<Vec<S>> for Value<'tape, 'value>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value, S> From<Vec<S>> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value>
 where
     borrowed::Value<'value>: From<Vec<S>>,
 {
@@ -200,7 +209,9 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>> FromIterator<V> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>> FromIterator<V>
+    for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value>
+{
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = V>>(v: I) -> Self {
@@ -208,8 +219,8 @@ impl<'tape, 'value, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>> FromIterator<V> for Value<
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value, K: Into<Cow<'value, str>>, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>>
-    FromIterator<(K, V)> for Value<'tape, 'value>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value, K: Into<Cow<'value, str>>, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>>
+    FromIterator<(K, V)> for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value>
 {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
@@ -218,7 +229,9 @@ impl<'tape, 'value, K: Into<Cow<'value, str>>, V: Into<borrowed::Value<'value>>>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> From<crate::borrowed::Object<'value>> for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> From<crate::borrowed::Object<'value>>
+    for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value>
+{
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn from(v: crate::borrowed::Object<'value>) -> Self {
diff --git a/src/value/lazy/object.rs b/src/value/lazy/object.rs
index 282281ac..7720440a 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy/object.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy/object.rs
@@ -8,38 +8,38 @@ use crate::{borrowed, tape};
 
 /// Wrapper around the tape that allows interacting with it via a `Object`-like API.
 
-pub enum Object<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum Object<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tape variant
     Tape(tape::Object<'tape, 'input>),
     /// Value variant
-    Value(&'tape borrowed::Object<'input>),
+    Value(&'borrow borrowed::Object<'input>),
 }
-pub enum Iter<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum Iter<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tape variant
     Tape(tape::object::Iter<'tape, 'input>),
     /// Value variant
-    Value(halfbrown::Iter<'tape, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
+    Value(halfbrown::Iter<'borrow, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
 }
-pub enum Keys<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum Keys<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tape variant
     Tape(tape::object::Keys<'tape, 'input>),
     /// Value variant
-    Value(halfbrown::Keys<'tape, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
+    Value(halfbrown::Keys<'borrow, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
 }
-pub enum Values<'tape, 'input> {
+pub enum Values<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tape variant
     Tape(tape::object::Values<'tape, 'input>),
     /// Value variant
-    Value(halfbrown::Values<'tape, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
+    Value(halfbrown::Values<'borrow, crate::cow::Cow<'input, str>, borrowed::Value<'input>>),
 }
 
 //value_trait::Object for
-impl<'tape, 'input> Object<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Object<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Gets a ref to a value based on a key, returns `None` if the
     /// current Value isn't an Object or doesn't contain the key
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get<'a, Q>(&'a self, k: &Q) -> Option<Value<'a, 'input>>
+    pub fn get<'a, Q>(&'a self, k: &Q) -> Option<Value<'a, 'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'b> crate::cow::Cow<'b, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Object<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Iterates over the key value paris
     #[allow(clippy::pedantic)] // we want into_iter_without_iter but that lint doesn't exist in older clippy
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn iter<'i>(&'i self) -> Iter<'i, 'input> {
+    pub fn iter<'i>(&'i self) -> Iter<'i, 'tape, 'input> {
         match self {
             Object::Tape(t) => Iter::Tape(t.iter()),
             Object::Value(v) => Iter::Value(v.iter()),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Object<'tape, 'input> {
 
     /// Iterates over the keys
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn keys<'i>(&'i self) -> Keys<'i, 'input> {
+    pub fn keys<'i>(&'i self) -> Keys<'i, 'tape, 'input> {
         match self {
             Object::Tape(t) => Keys::Tape(t.keys()),
             Object::Value(v) => Keys::Value(v.keys()),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Object<'tape, 'input> {
 
     /// Iterates over the values
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn values<'i>(&'i self) -> Values<'i, 'input> {
+    pub fn values<'i>(&'i self) -> Values<'i, 'tape, 'input> {
         match self {
             Object::Tape(t) => Values::Tape(t.values()),
             Object::Value(v) => Values::Value(v.values()),
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Object<'tape, 'input> {
 //     }
 // }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for Iter<'tape, 'input> {
-    type Item = (&'tape str, Value<'tape, 'input>);
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Iterator for Iter<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
+    type Item = (&'borrow str, Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>);
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self {
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for Iter<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for Keys<'tape, 'input> {
-    type Item = &'tape str;
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Iterator for Keys<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
+    type Item = &'borrow str;
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self {
             Keys::Tape(t) => t.next(),
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for Keys<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Iterator for Values<'tape, 'input> {
-    type Item = Value<'tape, 'input>;
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Iterator for Values<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
+    type Item = Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>;
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self {
             Values::Tape(t) => t.next().map(Value::Tape),
diff --git a/src/value/lazy/trait_impls.rs b/src/value/lazy/trait_impls.rs
index 39ec3885..75514b00 100644
--- a/src/value/lazy/trait_impls.rs
+++ b/src/value/lazy/trait_impls.rs
@@ -10,20 +10,23 @@ use value_trait::{
         ValueAsScalar, ValueIntoString, Writable,
     },
     derived::{
-        ValueArrayTryAccess, ValueObjectAccessAsArray as _, ValueObjectAccessAsObject as _, ValueObjectAccessAsScalar, ValueObjectAccessTryAsArray as _, ValueObjectAccessTryAsObject as _, ValueObjectAccessTryAsScalar, ValueObjectTryAccess, ValueTryAsScalar
+        ValueArrayTryAccess, ValueObjectAccessAsArray as _, ValueObjectAccessAsObject as _,
+        ValueObjectAccessAsScalar, ValueObjectAccessTryAsArray as _,
+        ValueObjectAccessTryAsObject as _, ValueObjectAccessTryAsScalar, ValueObjectTryAccess,
+        ValueTryAsScalar,
     },
     TryTypeError, ValueBuilder, ValueType,
 };
 
-use crate::borrowed;
+use crate::{borrowed, tape};
 
 use super::{Array, Object, Value};
 
-impl<'value> ValueBuilder<'value> for Value<'static, 'value> {
+impl<'value> ValueBuilder<'value> for Value<'static, 'static, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn null() -> Self {
-        Value::Value(Cow::Owned(borrowed::Value::null()))
+        Value::Tape(tape::Value::null())
     }
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ impl<'value> ValueBuilder<'value> for Value<'static, 'value> {
 }
 
 // TypedContainerValue
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>
 where
     'input: 'tape,
 {
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> ValueAsScalar for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> ValueAsScalar for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn as_null(&self) -> Option<()> {
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> ValueAsScalar for Value<'tape, 'value> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'value> ValueIntoString for Value<'tape, 'value> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> ValueIntoString for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'value> {
     type String = Cow<'value, str>;
 
     fn into_string(self) -> Option<<Self as ValueIntoString>::String> {
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'value> ValueIntoString for Value<'tape, 'value> {
 //     }
 // }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> TypedValue for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> TypedValue for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
     fn value_type(&self) -> ValueType {
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> TypedValue for Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // TryValueObjectAccess
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     // type Key = &str;
     // type Target = Value<'tape, 'input>;
 
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// current Value isn't an Object, returns `None` if the key isn't in the object
     /// # Errors
     /// if the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
+    pub fn try_get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         for<'b> crate::cow::Cow<'b, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 //TryValueArrayAccess
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>
 where
     'input: 'tape,
 {
@@ -233,7 +236,7 @@ where
     /// current value isn't an Array, returns `None` if the index is out of bounds
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type or the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError> {
         match self {
             Value::Tape(tape) => Ok(tape.try_get_idx(i)?.map(Value::Tape)),
             Value::Value(value) => Ok(value.try_get_idx(i)?.map(Cow::Borrowed).map(Value::Value)),
@@ -242,7 +245,7 @@ where
 }
 
 // impl<'tape, 'value> ValueAsContainer for Value<'tape, 'value> {
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>
 where
     'input: 'tape,
 {
@@ -252,7 +255,7 @@ where
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn as_array(&self) -> Option<Array<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn as_array(&self) -> Option<Array<'_, 'tape, 'input>> {
         match self {
             Value::Tape(tape) => tape.as_array().map(Array::Tape),
             Value::Value(value) => value.as_array().map(Array::Value),
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@ where
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn as_object(&self) -> Option<Object<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn as_object(&self) -> Option<Object<'_, 'tape, 'input>> {
         match self {
             Value::Tape(tape) => tape.as_object().map(Object::Tape),
             Value::Value(value) => value.as_object().map(Object::Value),
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutArray for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutArray for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     type Array = Vec<borrowed::Value<'input>>;
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
@@ -278,7 +281,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutArray for Value<'tape, 'input> {
         self.as_mut().as_array_mut()
     }
 }
-impl<'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutObject for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutObject for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     type Object = super::borrowed::Object<'input>;
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     #[must_use]
@@ -288,11 +291,11 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> ValueAsMutObject for Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // ContainerValueTryAs (needed as we don't have ValueAsContainer)
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type
-    pub fn try_as_array(&self) -> Result<Array<'_, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_as_array(&self) -> Result<Array<'_, 'tape, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
         self.as_array().ok_or(TryTypeError {
             expected: ValueType::Array,
             got: self.value_type(),
@@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to represent the value as an object and returns a reference to it
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type
-    pub fn try_as_object(&self) -> Result<Object<'_, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_as_object(&self) -> Result<Object<'_, 'tape, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
         self.as_object().ok_or(TryTypeError {
             expected: ValueType::Object,
             got: self.value_type(),
@@ -310,12 +313,12 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 // ValueObjectAccess (needed as we don't have ValueAsContainer ) and can't return references
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Gets a ref to a value based on a key, returns `None` if the
     /// current Value isn't an Object or doesn't contain the key
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Value<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get<'k, Q>(&self, k: &'k Q) -> Option<Value<'_, 'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'a> crate::cow::Cow<'a, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -349,12 +352,12 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // ValueArrayAccess (needed as we don't have ValueAsContainer)
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Gets a ref to a value based on n index, returns `None` if the
     /// current Value isn't an Array or doesn't contain the index
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Option<Value<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Option<Value<'_, 'tape, 'input>> {
         match self {
             Value::Tape(tape) => tape.get_idx(i).map(Value::Tape),
             Value::Value(value) => value
@@ -367,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // impl<'tape, 'input> ValueObjectAccessAsScalar for Value<'tape, 'input>
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input>
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input>
 where
     'input: 'tape,
 {
@@ -539,10 +542,10 @@ where
 }
 
 // ValueObjectContainerAccess
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as a array
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Array<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Array<'_, 'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'a> crate::cow::Cow<'a, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -556,7 +559,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as a object
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Object<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Object<'_, 'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'a> crate::cow::Cow<'a, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -569,12 +572,12 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 // TryValueObjectContainerAccess
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as an array, returns
     /// an error if it isn't a array
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type or the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Array<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
+    pub fn try_get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Array<'_, 'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'a> crate::cow::Cow<'a, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -591,7 +594,10 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type or the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Object<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
+    pub fn try_get_object<Q>(
+        &self,
+        k: &Q,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Object<'_, 'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q>,
         for<'a> crate::cow::Cow<'a, str>: Borrow<Q>,
@@ -605,7 +611,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 }
 
 // impl<'tape, 'input> ValueObjectAccessTryAsScalar for Value<'tape, 'input> {
-impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as a bool, returns
     /// an error if it isn't bool
     /// # Errors
@@ -819,7 +825,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tape, 'input> Writable for Value<'tape, 'input> {
+impl<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> Writable for Value<'borrow, 'tape, 'input> {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-inline"), inline)]
     fn encode(&self) -> String {
         match self {
diff --git a/src/value/tape.rs b/src/value/tape.rs
index 1f9f6af7..c9e0c707 100644
--- a/src/value/tape.rs
+++ b/src/value/tape.rs
@@ -43,11 +43,13 @@ where
     'input: 'tape;
 
 impl Value<'static, 'static> {
-    const NULL: [Node<'static>; 1] = [Node::Static(StaticNode::Null)];
+    const NULL_TAPE: [Node<'static>; 1] = [Node::Static(StaticNode::Null)];
+    /// A static null value
+    pub const NULL: Value<'static, 'static> = Value(&Self::NULL_TAPE);
     /// Creates tape value representing a null value
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn null() -> Self {
-        Self(&Self::NULL)
+        Self::NULL
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/value/tape/trait_impls.rs b/src/value/tape/trait_impls.rs
index c9621451..126ae616 100644
--- a/src/value/tape/trait_impls.rs
+++ b/src/value/tape/trait_impls.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// current Value isn't an Object, returns `None` if the key isn't in the object
     /// # Errors
     /// if the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
+    pub fn try_get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Value<'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + Ord,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ where
     /// current value isn't an Array, returns `None` if the index is out of bounds
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type or the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Result<Option<Value<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Result<Option<Value<'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError> {
         Ok(self.try_as_array()?.get(i))
     }
 }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ where
 {
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn as_array(&self) -> Option<Array<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn as_array(&self) -> Option<Array<'tape, 'input>> {
         if let Some(Node::Array { count, .. }) = self.0.first() {
             // we add one element as we want to keep the array header
             let count = *count + 1;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ where
 
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn as_object(&self) -> Option<Object<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn as_object(&self) -> Option<Object<'tape, 'input>> {
         if let Some(Node::Object { count, .. }) = self.0.first() {
             // we add one element as we want to keep the object header
             let count = *count + 1;
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type
-    pub fn try_as_array(&self) -> Result<Array<'_, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_as_array(&self) -> Result<Array<'tape, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
         self.as_array().ok_or(TryTypeError {
             expected: ValueType::Array,
             got: self.value_type(),
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to represent the value as an object and returns a reference to it
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type
-    pub fn try_as_object(&self) -> Result<Object<'_, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
+    pub fn try_as_object(&self) -> Result<Object<'tape, 'input>, TryTypeError> {
         self.as_object().ok_or(TryTypeError {
             expected: ValueType::Object,
             got: self.value_type(),
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// current Value isn't an Object or doesn't contain the key
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Value<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Value<'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + Ord,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// current Value isn't an Array or doesn't contain the index
     /// it was asked for.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Option<Value<'_, 'input>> {
+    pub fn get_idx(&self, i: usize) -> Option<Value<'tape, 'input>> {
         self.as_array().and_then(|a| a.get(i))
     }
 }
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ where
 impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as a array
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Array<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get_array<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Array<'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + Ord,
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
 
     /// Tries to get an element of an object as a object
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Object<'_, 'input>>
+    pub fn get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Option<Object<'tape, 'input>>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + Ord,
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ impl<'tape, 'input> Value<'tape, 'input> {
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// if the requested type doesn't match the actual type or the value is not an object
-    pub fn try_get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Object<'_, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
+    pub fn try_get_object<Q>(&self, k: &Q) -> Result<Option<Object<'tape, 'input>>, TryTypeError>
     where
         str: Borrow<Q> + Hash + Eq,
         Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + Ord,