diff --git a/.changeset/strong-lions-relax.md b/.changeset/strong-lions-relax.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26b2cc68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/strong-lions-relax.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"permissionless": patch
+---
+
+Allow using raw accounts with `signUserOperationHashWithECDSA`
diff --git a/src/utils/index.ts b/src/utils/index.ts
index f2394302..dda63cb3 100644
--- a/src/utils/index.ts
+++ b/src/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 import { type GetUserOperationHashParams, getUserOperationHash } from "./getUserOperationHash.js"
-import { signUserOperationHashWithECDSA } from "./signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.js"
+import { AccountOrClientNotFoundError, signUserOperationHashWithECDSA } from "./signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.js"
 
-export { getUserOperationHash, type GetUserOperationHashParams, signUserOperationHashWithECDSA }
+export {
+    getUserOperationHash,
+    type GetUserOperationHashParams,
+    signUserOperationHashWithECDSA,
+    AccountOrClientNotFoundError
+}
diff --git a/src/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.ts b/src/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.ts
index d14440cd..45367afd 100644
--- a/src/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.ts
+++ b/src/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
-import type { Account, Address, Chain, Client, Hash, Hex, Transport } from "viem"
-import { AccountNotFoundError } from "viem/errors/account"
+import {
+    type Account,
+    type Address,
+    BaseError,
+    type Chain,
+    type Client,
+    type Hash,
+    type Hex,
+    type Transport
+} from "viem"
 import type { UserOperation } from "../types/userOperation.js"
 import { getUserOperationHash } from "./getUserOperationHash.js"
 
@@ -10,25 +18,49 @@ function parseAccount(account: Address | Account): Account {
 
 type IsUndefined<T> = [undefined] extends [T] ? true : false
 
-type GetAccountParameter<TAccount extends Account | undefined = Account | undefined,> =
-    IsUndefined<TAccount> extends true ? { account: Account | Address } : { account?: Account | Address }
+type GetAccountParameter<
+    TTransport extends Transport = Transport,
+    TChain extends Chain | undefined = Chain | undefined,
+    TAccount extends Account | undefined = Account | undefined
+> = IsUndefined<TAccount> extends true
+    ? { account: Account; client?: undefined }
+    : { client: Client<TTransport, TChain, TAccount>; account?: undefined }
+
+export type signUserOperationHashWithECDSAParams<
+    TTransport extends Transport = Transport,
+    TChain extends Chain | undefined = Chain | undefined,
+    TAccount extends Account | undefined = Account | undefined
+> = GetAccountParameter<TTransport, TChain, TAccount> &
+    (
+        | {
+              hash: Hash
+              userOperation?: undefined
+              entryPoint?: undefined
+              chainId?: undefined
+          }
+        | {
+              hash?: undefined
+              userOperation: UserOperation
+              entryPoint: Address
+              chainId: number
+          }
+    )
 
-export type signUserOperationHashWithECDSAParams<TAccount extends Account | undefined = Account | undefined> =
-    GetAccountParameter<TAccount> &
-        (
-            | {
-                  hash: Hash
-                  userOperation?: undefined
-                  entryPoint?: undefined
-                  chainId?: undefined
-              }
-            | {
-                  hash?: undefined
-                  userOperation: UserOperation
-                  entryPoint: Address
-                  chainId: number
-              }
+export class AccountOrClientNotFoundError extends BaseError {
+    override name = "AccountOrClientNotFoundError"
+    constructor({ docsPath }: { docsPath?: string } = {}) {
+        super(
+            [
+                "Could not find an Account to execute with this Action.",
+                "Please provide an Account with the `account` argument on the Action, or by supplying an `account` to the WalletClient."
+            ].join("\n"),
+            {
+                docsPath,
+                docsSlug: "account"
+            }
         )
+    }
+}
 
 /**
  *
@@ -57,18 +89,16 @@ export const signUserOperationHashWithECDSA = async <
     TTransport extends Transport = Transport,
     TChain extends Chain | undefined = Chain | undefined,
     TAccount extends Account | undefined = Account | undefined
->(
-    signer: Client<TTransport, TChain, TAccount>,
-    {
-        account: account_ = signer.account,
-        hash,
-        userOperation,
-        chainId,
-        entryPoint
-    }: signUserOperationHashWithECDSAParams<TAccount>
-): Promise<Hex> => {
+>({
+    client,
+    account: account_ = client?.account,
+    hash,
+    userOperation,
+    chainId,
+    entryPoint
+}: signUserOperationHashWithECDSAParams<TTransport, TChain, TAccount>): Promise<Hex> => {
     if (!account_)
-        throw new AccountNotFoundError({
+        throw new AccountOrClientNotFoundError({
             docsPath: "/permissionless/reference/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA"
         })
 
@@ -89,7 +119,12 @@ export const signUserOperationHashWithECDSA = async <
             }
         })
 
-    return signer.request({
+    if (!client)
+        throw new AccountOrClientNotFoundError({
+            docsPath: "/permissionless/reference/utils/signUserOperationHashWithECDSA"
+        })
+
+    return client.request({
         method: "personal_sign",
         params: [userOperationHash, account.address]
     })
diff --git a/test/index.test.ts b/test/index.test.ts
index ce055d04..bbaf83b1 100644
--- a/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/index.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
     getEntryPoint,
     getEoaWalletClient,
     getFactoryAddress,
+    getPrivateKeyAccount,
     getPublicClient,
     getTestingChain
 } from "./utils"
@@ -124,7 +125,8 @@ describe("test public actions and utils", () => {
 
         const userOpHash = getUserOperationHash({ userOperation, entryPoint, chainId: chain.id })
 
-        userOperation.signature = await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA(eoaWalletClient, {
+        userOperation.signature = await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA({
+            client: eoaWalletClient,
             userOperation,
             entryPoint: entryPoint,
             chainId: chain.id
@@ -134,7 +136,23 @@ describe("test public actions and utils", () => {
         expect(userOperation.signature).toBeString()
         expect(userOperation.signature).toStartWith("0x")
 
-        const signature = await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA(eoaWalletClient, { hash: userOpHash })
+        const signature = await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA({ client: eoaWalletClient, hash: userOpHash })
+
+        await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA({ account: eoaWalletClient.account, hash: userOpHash })
+
+        await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA({
+            account: eoaWalletClient.account,
+            userOperation,
+            entryPoint: entryPoint,
+            chainId: chain.id
+        })
+
+        await signUserOperationHashWithECDSA({
+            account: getPrivateKeyAccount(),
+            userOperation,
+            entryPoint: entryPoint,
+            chainId: chain.id
+        })
 
         expect(signature).not.toBeEmpty()
         expect(signature).toBeString()