diff --git a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3.tar.gz b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3.tar.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 307cbcd..0000000
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diff --git a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4-py3-none-any.whl
similarity index 66%
rename from dist/metrolopy-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl
rename to dist/metrolopy-0.5.4-py3-none-any.whl
index a3d426a..7a03f61 100644
Binary files a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl and b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4-py3-none-any.whl differ
diff --git a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4.tar.gz b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4.tar.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c79019e
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diff --git a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3.zip b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4.zip
similarity index 63%
rename from dist/metrolopy-0.5.3.zip
rename to dist/metrolopy-0.5.4.zip
index 7878342..7f0fcad 100644
Binary files a/dist/metrolopy-0.5.3.zip and b/dist/metrolopy-0.5.4.zip differ
diff --git a/docs/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle b/docs/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle
index 941e4d2..1c65ffc 100644
Binary files a/docs/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle and b/docs/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle differ
diff --git a/docs/_build/doctrees/index.doctree b/docs/_build/doctrees/index.doctree
index d016674..ffd3b0d 100644
Binary files a/docs/_build/doctrees/index.doctree and b/docs/_build/doctrees/index.doctree differ
diff --git a/docs/_build/doctrees/metrolopy.doctree b/docs/_build/doctrees/metrolopy.doctree
index 626bf9c..d9bf343 100644
Binary files a/docs/_build/doctrees/metrolopy.doctree and b/docs/_build/doctrees/metrolopy.doctree differ
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/_sources/index.rst.txt b/docs/_build/html/_sources/index.rst.txt
index 5fe4a15..93e4a60 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/_sources/index.rst.txt
+++ b/docs/_build/html/_sources/index.rst.txt
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ version history
   uncertainty incorrectly if a gummy was created with an uncertainty set with
   an integer data type.  Fixed several other minor bugs.
 * Version 0.5.3, built 10 April 2019, minor bug fixes.
+* Version 0.5.4, built 15 April 2019, minor bug fixes.
 
 
 author
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/genindex.html b/docs/_build/html/genindex.html
index 72fce06..3189b9a 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/genindex.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/genindex.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>Index &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>Index &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -893,6 +893,8 @@ <h2 id="P">P</h2>
         <li><a href="metrolopy.html#metrolopy.fit.SinFit.p">(metrolopy.fit.SinFit attribute)</a>
 </li>
         <li><a href="metrolopy.html#metrolopy.gummy.gummy.p">(metrolopy.gummy.gummy attribute)</a>
+</li>
+        <li><a href="metrolopy.html#metrolopy.nummy.nummy.p">(metrolopy.nummy.nummy attribute)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
       <li><a href="metrolopy.html#metrolopy.fit.DoubleExpFit.p0">p0 (metrolopy.fit.DoubleExpFit attribute)</a>
@@ -1577,7 +1579,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/hand_made_doc.html b/docs/_build/html/hand_made_doc.html
index 689beba..ac5b45b 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/hand_made_doc.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/hand_made_doc.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>MetroloPy &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>MetroloPy &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -2156,7 +2156,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/index.html b/docs/_build/html/index.html
index 1329419..ee4dd3c 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/index.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/index.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>MetroloPy, the docs &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>MetroloPy, the docs &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ <h2>version history<a class="headerlink" href="#version-history" title="Permalin
 uncertainty incorrectly if a gummy was created with an uncertainty set with
 an integer data type.  Fixed several other minor bugs.</li>
 <li>Version 0.5.3, built 10 April 2019, minor bug fixes.</li>
+<li>Version 0.5.4, built 15 April 2019, minor bug fixes.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="author">
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.html b/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.html
index 6b714cc..feb3e53 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>metrolopy package &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>metrolopy package &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -4520,6 +4520,11 @@ <h2>Submodules<a class="headerlink" href="#submodules" title="Permalink to this
 <p>Returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0.5*(gummy.Usim[0]</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">gummy.Usim[1])/gummy.usim</span></code></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="attribute">
+<dt id="metrolopy.nummy.nummy.p">
+<code class="descname">p</code><a class="headerlink" href="#metrolopy.nummy.nummy.p" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
 <dl class="staticmethod">
 <dt id="metrolopy.nummy.nummy.set_seed">
 <em class="property">static </em><code class="descname">set_seed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>seed</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#metrolopy.nummy.nummy.set_seed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -4932,7 +4937,7 @@ <h2>Submodules<a class="headerlink" href="#submodules" title="Permalink to this
 
 <dl class="attribute">
 <dt id="metrolopy.ummy.GummyTag.tags">
-<code class="descname">tags</code><em class="property"> = &lt;WeakValueDictionary at 0xfaf6780&gt;</em><a class="headerlink" href="#metrolopy.ummy.GummyTag.tags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<code class="descname">tags</code><em class="property"> = &lt;WeakValueDictionary at 0x6f73cc0&gt;</em><a class="headerlink" href="#metrolopy.ummy.GummyTag.tags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd></dd></dl>
 
 </dd></dl>
@@ -5623,7 +5628,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.tests.html b/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.tests.html
index 8f70308..9a9eda3 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.tests.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/metrolopy.tests.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>metrolopy.tests package &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>metrolopy.tests package &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/modules.html b/docs/_build/html/modules.html
index 71c1978..381b849 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/modules.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/modules.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>metrolopy &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>metrolopy &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/objects.inv b/docs/_build/html/objects.inv
index f929314..a02f8a3 100644
Binary files a/docs/_build/html/objects.inv and b/docs/_build/html/objects.inv differ
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/py-modindex.html b/docs/_build/html/py-modindex.html
index 6c6b091..50f3018 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/py-modindex.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/py-modindex.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>Python Module Index &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>Python Module Index &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="#" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="#" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/search.html b/docs/_build/html/search.html
index 332ec3c..985d560 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/search.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/search.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>Search &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>Search &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/searchindex.js b/docs/_build/html/searchindex.js
index 0fee9eb..fa0ede2 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/searchindex.js
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er:[0,2],uses:[0,2],usim:[0,2],using:[0,1,2],usual:[0,2],usunit:[0,4],usym:2,utyp:[0,2],uunit:[0,1,2],uunit_is_rel:[0,2],valid:[0,2],valu:[0,1,2],valueerror:2,vari:[0,2],variabl:[0,2],varianc:[0,2],variou:0,verbatim:1,veri:[0,2],verison:2,version:[0,4],versu:2,vertic:[0,2],view:[0,2],wai:[0,2],want:[0,1,2],warn:[0,2],weakvaluedictionari:2,weibul:0,weibulldist:[0,2],weight:[0,2],weird:0,welch:2,well:2,were:[0,1],when:[0,2],whenev:0,where:[0,2],whether:[0,2],which:[0,1,2],who:[0,2],width:2,willink:2,wish:[0,1,2],without:[0,2],wmean:2,word:[0,2],work:[0,2],would:[0,2],write:[0,2],xdim:[0,2],xfsim:[0,2],xlabel:[0,2],xlist:[0,2],xmax:0,xmin:0,xname:[0,2],xsim:[0,2],xsym:2,xunit:[0,2],yard:[0,2],ydim:[0,2],year:[0,2],ylabel:[0,2],yname:[0,2],yobi:2,yocto:2,yotta:2,you:[0,1,2],ypred:[0,2],ypredf:[0,2],yunit:[0,2],zepto:2,zero:[0,2],zetta:2,zhang:2,zibi:2},titles:["MetroloPy","MetroloPy, the docs","metrolopy package","metrolopy.tests package","metrolopy","to do"],titleterms:{"abstract":0,"class":[0,1],"function":[0,2],"static":0,appli:0,arithmet:0,attribut:0,author:1,auto:1,basic:0,budget:2,built:0,carlo:0,come:1,common:0,content:[2,3],convers:0,curv:0,custom:0,dfunc:2,did:1,displai:0,distribut:[0,2],doc:1,except:2,fit:[0,2],format:0,from:1,further:1,gener:1,get:1,gummi:[0,1,2],histori:1,indic:1,involv:0,jummi:0,licens:1,logunit:2,mathemat:0,mean:2,method:0,metrolopi:[0,1,2,3,4],modul:[2,3],mont:0,multi:0,name:1,nonlinearunit:2,numer:0,nummi:2,offsetunit:2,oper:0,packag:[2,3],paramet:0,pmethod:2,prefixedunit:2,print:2,properti:0,read:1,relat:0,relunit:2,search:0,simul:0,siunit:2,some:0,start:1,sub:0,submodul:[2,3],subpackag:2,tabl:1,test:3,test_creat:3,ummi:2,unit:[0,2],unitutil:2,usunit:2,variat:0,version:[1,2],where:1}})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/_build/html/todo.html b/docs/_build/html/todo.html
index f4f6197..cfb165b 100644
--- a/docs/_build/html/todo.html
+++ b/docs/_build/html/todo.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     
-    <title>to do &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</title>
+    <title>to do &#8212; metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</title>
     
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/nature.css" type="text/css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     <script type="text/javascript">
       var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
         URL_ROOT:    './',
-        VERSION:     '0.5.3',
+        VERSION:     '0.5.4',
         COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.3 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">metrolopy 0.5.4 documentation</a> &#187;</li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
index 5fe4a15..93e4a60 100644
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ version history
   uncertainty incorrectly if a gummy was created with an uncertainty set with
   an integer data type.  Fixed several other minor bugs.
 * Version 0.5.3, built 10 April 2019, minor bug fixes.
+* Version 0.5.4, built 15 April 2019, minor bug fixes.
 
 
 author
diff --git a/metrolopy/gummy.py b/metrolopy/gummy.py
index 4c49ca8..41b6f65 100644
--- a/metrolopy/gummy.py
+++ b/metrolopy/gummy.py
@@ -333,7 +333,6 @@ def __init__(self,x,u=0,unit=one,dof=float('inf'),k=1,p=None,uunit=None,
         if p is not None:
             p = float(p)
             self._k = self._p_method.fptok(p,dof,gummy.bayesian)
-            self._p = p
             self._pm = p
             self._set_k = False
         else:
@@ -342,8 +341,6 @@ def __init__(self,x,u=0,unit=one,dof=float('inf'),k=1,p=None,uunit=None,
             else:
                 k = float(k)
             self._k = k
-            if k != 1 or dof == float('inf'):
-                self._p = self._p_method.fktop(k,dof=dof,bayesian=gummy.bayesian)
             self._pm = None
             self._set_k = True
         
@@ -509,7 +506,7 @@ def _iset_U(self,k=None,unit=None,u=None):
                     except ZeroDivisionError:
                         if not Unit.unit(unit).is_dimensionless:
                             raise NoUnitConversionFoundError('no conversion found from unit ' + str(unit) + ' to one')
-                        return float('inf')
+                        return gummy(float('inf'),unit=unit)
             else:
                 return gummy(self._unit.to_uunit(_ku(k,u),unit),unit)
 
@@ -705,7 +702,6 @@ def k(self,v):
             raise ValueError('k <= 0')
         self._k = v
         self._pm = None
-        self._p = self._p_method.fktop(v,dof=self.dof,bayesian=gummy.bayesian)
         self._set_k = True
         self._set_U(self._k,None)
         
@@ -746,20 +742,19 @@ def p(self):
         2.9999769927034015
         """
         if self._u == 0:
-            return None
+            return 1
         if self._pm is not None:
             if self._pm < 0:
-                return None
+                return 0
             return self._pm
         self._pm = self._p_method.fktop(self._k,self.dof,self.bayesian)
         if self._pm < 0:
-                return None
+                return 0
         return self._pm
     @p.setter
     def p(self,v):
         if v <= 0 or v >= 1:
             raise ValueError('p is not in the interval (0,1)')
-        self._p = v
         self._pm = v
         self._k = self._p_method.fptok(v,self.dof,self.bayesian)
         self._set_k = False
@@ -1028,7 +1023,6 @@ def graft(self,unit,uunit=None):
         if self._k != 1:
             g._k = self._k
         g._pm = self._pm
-        g._p = self._p
         if self.thousand_spaces != gummy.thousand_spaces:
             g.thousand_spaces = self.thousand_spaces
         if self.mulsep != gummy.mulsep:
@@ -1048,28 +1042,23 @@ def _copy(s,r,formatting=True,tofloat=False):
             r._old = s._old
                 
             if formatting:
-                if s._style != gummy._style:
+                if s._style != type(r)._style:
                     r._style = s._style
-                if s.show_p != gummy.show_p:
+                if s.show_p != type(r).show_p:
                     r.show_p = s.show_p
-                if s.show_k != gummy.show_k:
+                if s.show_k != type(r).show_k:
                     r.show_k = s.show_k
-                if s.show_dof != gummy.show_dof:
+                if s.show_dof != type(r).show_dof:
                     r.show_dof = s.show_dof
-                if s.thousand_spaces != gummy.thousand_spaces:
-                    r.thousand_spaces = s.thousand_spaces
-                if s.mulsep != gummy.mulsep:
+                if s.mulsep != type(r).mulsep:
                     r.mulsep = s.mulsep
-                if s.solidus != gummy.solidus:
+                if s.solidus != type(r).solidus:
                     r.solidus = s.solidus
-                if s.nsig != gummy.nsig:
-                    r.nsig = s.nsig
-                if s._k != 1:
-                    r._k = s._k
-                r._p = s._p
+                r._k = s._k
                 r._pm = s._pm
                 r._set_k = s._set_k
                 if tofloat:
+                    r._U = None
                     r._set_U(None,None)
                 else:
                     r._U = s._U
@@ -1727,7 +1716,7 @@ def tostring(self,fmt=None,style=None,k=None,p=None,show_k=None,
                 return g.tostring(fmt=fmt,style=style,show_k=show_k,
                                   show_p=show_p,show_dof=show_dof,
                                   norm=norm,raw=raw,nsig=nsig)
-            if p is not None and p != self._p:
+            if p is not None and p != self.p:
                 g = self.copy(formatting=True)
                 g.p = p
                 return g.tostring(fmt=fmt,style=style,show_k=show_k,
@@ -2068,13 +2057,14 @@ def _format_xu(self,fmt,style,norm,nsig,xsig=None,solidus=None,mulsep=None):
             
         if self._u == 0 or isnan(self._u) or isinf(self._u):
             if isinstance(x,Rational) and not isinstance(x,Integral):
-                fstr = str(x).split('/')[-1]
+                ffstr = str(x)
+                fstr = ffstr.split('/')[-1]
                 dstr = str(float(x)).split('e')[0].split('E')[0].split('.')[-1]
                 dstr.strip().strip('0')
-                if len(dstr) > 3 and len(dstr) > len(fstr):
+                if len(dstr) > 3 and len(dstr) > len(fstr) and len(ffstr) < (self.max_digits + 10):
                     return ('x',(str(x),'',xsym))
             if xexp is None:
-                return ('x',(str(x),'',xsym))
+                return ('x',(self._format_mantissa(fmt,x,None),'',xsym))
             if xsig is not None:
                 if xabs > 10**(xexp+1) - 10**(xexp-xsig)/2:
                     xexp += 1
diff --git a/metrolopy/nummy.py b/metrolopy/nummy.py
index 0559845..303eac4 100644
--- a/metrolopy/nummy.py
+++ b/metrolopy/nummy.py
@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@ class nummy(ummy,metaclass=MetaNummy):
 
     _mcpropagate = True
     _cimethod = 'shortest'
-    _p = 0.68268949213708585 # for k == 1 and dof == inf
     _bayesian = False # see the MetaNummy bayesian property
     
     def __init__(self,x,u=0,dof=float('inf'),utype=None,name=None):
@@ -326,20 +325,22 @@ def usim(self):
     def cisim(self):
         if self._u == 0:
             return (self.x,self.x)
+
         if self._cimethod == 'shortest':
-            return self.distribution.ci(self._p)
+            return self.distribution.ci(self.p)
         else:
-            return self.distribution.cisym(self._p)
+            return self.distribution.cisym(self.p)
               
     @property
     def Usim(self):
         if self._u == 0:
             return (0,0)
         x = self.distribution.mean
+        
         if self._cimethod == 'shortest':
-            ci = self.distribution.ci(self._p)
+            ci = self.distribution.ci(self.p)
         else:
-            ci = self.distribution.cisym(self._p)
+            ci = self.distribution.cisym(self.p)
             
         return (ci[1]-x,x-ci[0])
         
@@ -397,6 +398,13 @@ def cimethod(self,value):
             raise ValueError('cimethod ' + str(value) + ' is not recognized')
         self._cimethod = value
         
+    @property
+    def p(self):
+        return 0.68268949213708585
+    @p.setter
+    def p(self,v):
+        pass
+        
     @staticmethod
     def set_seed(seed):
         """
diff --git a/metrolopy/tests/test_create.py b/metrolopy/tests/test_create.py
index 94c241f..71bdf3a 100644
--- a/metrolopy/tests/test_create.py
+++ b/metrolopy/tests/test_create.py
@@ -300,35 +300,39 @@ def test_gummy_init(n=None,exception_on_warning=True,prnt=False,plot=False):
             if uunit is not None and uunit != unit:
                 assert g.uunit is uc.Unit.unit(uunit)
                 
-            if p is None:
-                assert g.k == k
+            if g.p == 0:
+                assert p is None
+                assert k <= 3
             else:
-                assert g.p == p
-            
-            if uc.gummy.p_method in ['loc','level of confidence',None]:
-                if dof == float('inf'):
-                    assert abs(g.k - norm.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2)) < 1e-6
+                if p is None:
+                    assert g.k == k
                 else:
-                    if bayesian:
+                    assert g.p == p
+                
+                if uc.gummy.p_method in ['loc','level of confidence',None]:
+                    if dof == float('inf'):
+                        assert abs(g.k - norm.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2)) < 1e-6
+                    else:
+                        if bayesian:
+                            if g.p is not None:
+                                assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt((dof-2)/dof)*t.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2,dof)) < 1e-6
+                        else:
+                            assert abs(g.k - t.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2,dof)) < 1e-6
+                            
+                elif uc.gummy.p_method in ['cp','coverage probability','gauss']:
+                    if dof == float('inf') or bayesian:
                         if g.p is not None:
-                            assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt((dof-2)/dof)*t.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2,dof)) < 1e-6
+                            assert abs(g.k - 2/(3*(np.sqrt(1 - g.p)))) < 1e-6
                     else:
-                        assert abs(g.k - t.ppf(0.5 + g.p/2,dof)) < 1e-6
-                        
-            elif uc.gummy.p_method in ['cp','coverage probability','gauss']:
-                if dof == float('inf') or bayesian:
-                    if g.p is not None:
-                        assert abs(g.k - 2/(3*(np.sqrt(1 - g.p)))) < 1e-6
-                else:
-                    if g.p is not None:
-                        assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt(dof/(dof-2))*(2/(3*(np.sqrt(1 - g.p))))) < 1e-6                 
-            else:
-                if dof == float('inf') or bayesian:
-                    if g.p is not None:
-                        assert abs(g.k - 1/np.sqrt(1 - g.p)) < 10.0**-6
+                        if g.p is not None:
+                            assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt(dof/(dof-2))*(2/(3*(np.sqrt(1 - g.p))))) < 1e-6                 
                 else:
-                    if g.p is not None:
-                        assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt(dof/(dof-2))*(1/np.sqrt(1 - g.p))) < 1e-6
+                    if dof == float('inf') or bayesian:
+                        if g.p is not None:
+                            assert abs(g.k - 1/np.sqrt(1 - g.p)) < 10.0**-6
+                    else:
+                        if g.p is not None:
+                            assert abs(g.k - np.sqrt(dof/(dof-2))*(1/np.sqrt(1 - g.p))) < 1e-6
                     
             assert abs((g._u - u)/u) < 1e-10
             
diff --git a/metrolopy/tests/test_operations.py b/metrolopy/tests/test_operations.py
index ce5c137..38bd681 100644
--- a/metrolopy/tests/test_operations.py
+++ b/metrolopy/tests/test_operations.py
@@ -230,23 +230,33 @@ def f(*x):
             assert abs(a.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((a.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert (a.u - b.u)/b.u < 1e-3
-        assert a.correlation(b) == 1
-        assert a.correlation(x) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert a.u == 0
+            assert b.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert (a.u - b.u)/b.u < 1e-3
+            assert a.correlation(b) == 1
+            assert a.correlation(x) == 1
         
         if b.x == 0:
             assert abs(c.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((c.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert (c.u - b.u)/b.u < 1e-3
-        assert c.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert c.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert (c.u - b.u)/b.u < 1e-3
+            assert c.correlation(b) == 1
         
         if b.x == 0:
             assert abs(d.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((d.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert (d.u - b.u)/b.u < 1e-3
-        assert d.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert d.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((d.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert d.correlation(b) == 1
         
 def test_mulxpow(n=1000):
     def f(*x):
@@ -268,8 +278,12 @@ def f(*x):
             assert abs(a.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((a.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert abs((a.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
-        assert a.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert a.u == 0
+            assert b.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((a.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert a.correlation(b) == 1
         
         if k%2 == 0 and x.x < 0:
             assert a.correlation(x) == -1
@@ -280,15 +294,22 @@ def f(*x):
             assert abs(c.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((c.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert abs((c.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
-        assert c.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert c.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((c.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert c.correlation(b) == 1
         
         if b.x == 0:
             assert abs(d.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((d.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert abs((d.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
-        assert d.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert d.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((d.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert d.correlation(b) == 1
+
         
 def test_mulxnpow(n=1000):
     def f(*x):
@@ -308,8 +329,12 @@ def f(*x):
             assert abs(a.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((a.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert abs((a.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
-        assert a.correlation(b) == 1
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert a.u == 0
+            assert b.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((a.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert a.correlation(b) == 1
         
         if k%2 == 0 and x.x < 0:
             assert a.correlation(x) == 1
@@ -320,5 +345,8 @@ def f(*x):
             assert abs(d.x - b.x) < 1e-14
         else:
             assert abs((d.x - b.x)/b.x) < 1e-14
-        assert abs((d.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
-        assert d.correlation(b) == 1
\ No newline at end of file
+        if x.u == 0:
+            assert d.u == 0
+        else:
+            assert abs((d.u - b.u)/b.u) < 1e-3
+            assert d.correlation(b) == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/metrolopy/tests/test_ubreakdown.py b/metrolopy/tests/test_ubreakdown.py
index ee6ff8d..c83d922 100644
--- a/metrolopy/tests/test_ubreakdown.py
+++ b/metrolopy/tests/test_ubreakdown.py
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ def d(k,*p):
         for i,y in enumerate(u):
             ur += y**2*d(i,*x)**2
         ur = np.sqrt(ur)
-        assert abs(gr.u - ur)/ur < 1e-10
+        if ur == 0:
+            assert abs(gr.u) < 1e-10
+        else:
+            assert abs(gr.u - ur)/ur < 1e-10
         
         dofr = 0
         for i,(v,idof) in enumerate(zip(u,dof)):
@@ -101,16 +104,28 @@ def d(k,*p):
             else:
                 dr = lambda *x: [d(i,*x) for i in range(k)]
             ga = uc.gummy.apply(f,dr,*g)
-            assert abs(ga.x - xr)/abs(xr) < 1e-10
-            assert abs(ga.u - ur)/ur < 1e-6
+            if xr == 0:
+                assert abs(ga.x) < 1e-10
+            else:
+                assert abs(ga.x - xr)/abs(xr) < 1e-10
+            if ur == 0:
+                assert abs(ga.u) < 1e-6
+            else:
+                assert abs(ga.u - ur)/ur < 1e-6
             if dofr > 100:
                 assert ga.dof > 100
             else:
                 assert abs(ga.dof - dofr)/dofr < 1e-2
                 
             gn = uc.gummy.napply(f,*g)
-            assert abs(gn.x - xr)/abs(xr) < 1e-10
-            assert abs(gn.u - ur)/ur < 1e3
+            if xr == 0:
+                assert abs(gn.x) < 1e-10
+            else:
+                assert abs(gn.x - xr)/abs(xr) < 1e-10
+            if ur == 0:
+                assert abs(gn.u) < 1e-3
+            else:
+                assert abs(gn.u - ur)/ur < 1e-3
             if dofr > 100:
                 assert gn.dof > 100
             else:
@@ -135,97 +150,98 @@ def d(k,*p):
         else:
             e = [gl[rand.randint(len(gl))] for i in range(rand.randint(len(gl)))]
             
-        ua = 0
-        ub = 0
-        ud = 0
-        ue = 0
-        dofa = 0
-        dofb = 0
-        dofd = 0
-        dofe = 0
-        for i,(ig,iu,idof) in enumerate(zip(g,u,dof)):
-            if gf.ufrom(ig) == 0:
-                assert iu*d(i,*x)/ur < 1e-3
-            else:
-                if ig.utype == 'A':
-                    ua += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
-                    dofa += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
-                elif ig.utype == 'B':
-                    ub += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
-                    dofb += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
-                elif ig.utype == 'D':
-                    ud += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
-                    dofd += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
+        if ur > 0:
+            ua = 0
+            ub = 0
+            ud = 0
+            ue = 0
+            dofa = 0
+            dofb = 0
+            dofd = 0
+            dofe = 0
+            for i,(ig,iu,idof) in enumerate(zip(g,u,dof)):
+                if gf.ufrom(ig) == 0:
+                    assert iu*d(i,*x)/ur < 1e-3
+                else:
+                    if ig.utype == 'A':
+                        ua += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
+                        dofa += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
+                    elif ig.utype == 'B':
+                        ub += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
+                        dofb += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
+                    elif ig.utype == 'D':
+                        ud += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
+                        dofd += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
+                    
+                    try:
+                        if e is ig or ig in e:
+                            ue += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
+                            dofe += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
+                    except TypeError:
+                        pass
                 
-                try:
-                    if e is ig or ig in e:
-                        ue += iu**2*d(i,*x)**2
-                        dofe += iu**4*d(i,*x)**4/idof
-                except TypeError:
-                    pass
+            ua = np.sqrt(ua)
+            ub = np.sqrt(ub)
+            ud = np.sqrt(ud)
+            ue = np.sqrt(ue)
             
-        ua = np.sqrt(ua)
-        ub = np.sqrt(ub)
-        ud = np.sqrt(ud)
-        ue = np.sqrt(ue)
-        
-        if dofa == 0:
-            dofa = float('inf')
-        else:
-            dofa  = ua**4/dofa
-        if dofb == 0:
-            dofb = float('inf')
-        else:
-            dofb  = ub**4/dofb
-        if dofd == 0:
-            dofd = float('inf')
-        else:
-            dofd  = ud**4/dofd
-        if dofe == 0:
-            dofe = float('inf')
-        else:
-            dofe  = ue**4/dofe
-                    
-        if ua == 0:
-            assert gf.ufrom('A') == 0
-        else:
-            assert abs(gf.ufrom('A') - ua)/ur < 1e-3
-        if ua/ur > 0.01:
-            if dofa > 100 or gf.ufrom('A') == 0:
-                assert gf.doffrom('A') > 100
+            if dofa == 0:
+                dofa = float('inf')
             else:
-                assert abs(gf.doffrom('A') - dofa)/dofa < 1e-2
-            
-        if ub == 0:
-            assert gf.ufrom('B') == 0
-        else:
-            assert abs(gf.ufrom('B') - ub)/ur < 1e-3
-        if ub/ur > 0.01:
-            if dofb > 100 or gf.ufrom('B') == 0:
-                assert gf.doffrom('B') > 100
+                dofa  = ua**4/dofa
+            if dofb == 0:
+                dofb = float('inf')
             else:
-                assert abs(gf.doffrom('B') - dofb)/dofb < 1e-2
-            
-        if ud == 0:
-            assert gf.ufrom('D') == 0
-        else:
-            assert abs(gf.ufrom('D') - ud)/ur < 1e-3
-        if ud/ur > 0.01:
-            if dofd > 100 or gf.ufrom('D') == 0:
-                assert gf.doffrom('D') > 100
+                dofb  = ub**4/dofb
+            if dofd == 0:
+                dofd = float('inf')
             else:
-                assert abs(gf.doffrom('D') - dofd)/dofd < 1e-2
-            
-        if ue == 0:
-            assert gf.ufrom(e) == 0
-        else:
-            assert abs(gf.ufrom(e) - ue)/ur < 1e-3
-        #if ue/ur > 0.01:
-            #if dofe > 100 or gf.ufrom(e) == 0:
-                #assert gf.doffrom(e) > 100
-            #else:
-                #assert abs(gf.doffrom(e) - dofe)/dofe < 1e-2
+                dofd  = ud**4/dofd
+            if dofe == 0:
+                dofe = float('inf')
+            else:
+                dofe  = ue**4/dofe
+                        
+            if ua == 0:
+                assert gf.ufrom('A') == 0
+            else:
+                assert abs(gf.ufrom('A') - ua)/ur < 1e-3
+            if ua/ur > 0.01:
+                if dofa > 100 or gf.ufrom('A') == 0:
+                    assert gf.doffrom('A') > 100
+                else:
+                    assert abs(gf.doffrom('A') - dofa)/dofa < 1e-2
                 
+            if ub == 0:
+                assert gf.ufrom('B') == 0
+            else:
+                assert abs(gf.ufrom('B') - ub)/ur < 1e-3
+            if ub/ur > 0.01:
+                if dofb > 100 or gf.ufrom('B') == 0:
+                    assert gf.doffrom('B') > 100
+                else:
+                    assert abs(gf.doffrom('B') - dofb)/dofb < 1e-2
+                
+            if ud == 0:
+                assert gf.ufrom('D') == 0
+            else:
+                assert abs(gf.ufrom('D') - ud)/ur < 1e-3
+            if ud/ur > 0.01:
+                if dofd > 100 or gf.ufrom('D') == 0:
+                    assert gf.doffrom('D') > 100
+                else:
+                    assert abs(gf.doffrom('D') - dofd)/dofd < 1e-2
+                
+            if ue == 0:
+                assert gf.ufrom(e) == 0
+            else:
+                assert abs(gf.ufrom(e) - ue)/ur < 1e-3
+            #if ue/ur > 0.01:
+                #if dofe > 100 or gf.ufrom(e) == 0:
+                    #assert gf.doffrom(e) > 100
+                #else:
+                    #assert abs(gf.doffrom(e) - dofe)/dofe < 1e-2
+                    
         if not rand.randint(4):
             gf.uunit = '%'
                 
diff --git a/metrolopy/ummy.py b/metrolopy/ummy.py
index 16bb222..166fdd2 100644
--- a/metrolopy/ummy.py
+++ b/metrolopy/ummy.py
@@ -185,21 +185,25 @@ def __init__(self,x,u=0,dof=float('inf'),utype=None):
         
         self._refs = 1
         if not isinf(u) and not isnan(u) and u > 0:
-            try:
-                if isinstance(dof,Integral):
-                    dof = int(dof)
-                else:
-                    dof = float(dof)
-                if dof <= 0 or isnan(dof):
-                    raise TypeError()
-            except TypeError:
-                raise TypeError('dof must be a real number > 0')
-            if dof > self.max_dof:
-                dof = float('inf')
-                
-            self._ref = _GummyRef(dof)
-            if utype is not None:
-                GummyTag.set_tag(self,utype)
+            if isinstance(dof,_GummyRef):
+                self._ref = dof
+                self._refs = utype
+            else:
+                try:
+                    if isinstance(dof,Integral):
+                        dof = int(dof)
+                    else:
+                        dof = float(dof)
+                    if dof <= 0 or isnan(dof):
+                        raise TypeError()
+                except TypeError:
+                    raise TypeError('dof must be a real number > 0')
+                if dof > self.max_dof:
+                    dof = float('inf')
+                    
+                self._ref = _GummyRef(dof)
+                if utype is not None:
+                    GummyTag.set_tag(self,utype)
         else:
             self._ref = None
         
@@ -267,9 +271,12 @@ def _copy(s,r,formatting=True,tofloat=False):
         r._ref = s._ref
         r._refs = s._refs
         r._finfo = s._finfo
+
         if formatting:
-            if s.nsig != ummy.nsig:
+            if s.nsig != type(r).nsig:
                 r.nsig = s.nsig
+            if s.thousand_spaces != type(r).thousand_spaces:
+                r.thousand_spaces = s.thousand_spaces
     
     def copy(self,formatting=True,tofloat=False):
         """
@@ -280,7 +287,7 @@ def copy(self,formatting=True,tofloat=False):
         is true the x and u properties will be converted to float values
         before copying.
         """
-        r = type(self)(self._x,u=self._u)
+        r = type(self).__new__(type(self))
         self._copy(self,r,formatting=formatting,tofloat=tofloat)
         return r
         
@@ -657,10 +664,8 @@ def _apply(cls,function,derivative,*args,fxdx=None):
         args,du = list(map(list, zip(*ad)))
             
         if len(args) == 1:
-            r = cls(fx,u=abs(du[0]))
-            r._ref = args[0]._ref
-            if du[0] < 0:
-                r._refs = -args[0]._refs
+            refs = -args[0]._refs if du[0] < 0 else args[0]._refs
+            r = cls(fx,u=abs(du[0]),dof=args[0]._ref,utype=refs)
             return r
         
         maxdu = max(abs(a) for a in du)
@@ -682,17 +687,19 @@ def _apply(cls,function,derivative,*args,fxdx=None):
             u = u**0.5
             u = maxdu*u
             
-        r = cls(fx,u)
         if u == 0 or isnan(u):
-            return r
+            return cls(fx)
         
         du = [d/u for d in du]
+        dof = float('inf')
         if any(not isinf(a._dof) for a in args):
             dm = sum(sum(args[i].correlation(args[j])*du[i]*du[j] 
                          for i in range(len(du)))**2/args[j]._dof 
                          for j in range(len(du)))
             if dm > 0:
-                r._dof = 1/dm
+                dof = 1/dm
+                
+        r = cls(fx,u=u,dof=dof)
         
         rl = {a._ref for a in args}
         for i,a in enumerate(args):
@@ -752,99 +759,75 @@ def _combc(self,a,b,dua,dub,c):
                 
     def _add(self,b):
         if not isinstance(b,ummy):
-            r = type(self)(self._x + b, self._u, dof=self._dof)
-            if r._ref is not None:
-                r._ref = self._ref
-                r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+            return type(self)(self._x + b,self._u,dof=self._ref,utype=self._refs)
     
         c = self.correlation(b)
         x = self._x + b._x
         u = _combu(self._u,b._u,c)
- 
-        r = type(b)(x,u)
-    
-        if r._ref is None:
-            return r
-            
-        if self._ref is None:
-            r._ref = b._ref
-            r._refs = b._refs
-            return r
-        if b._ref is None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
-            
-        dua = self._u/r._u
-        dub = b._u/r._u
         
-        if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
-            r._dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        if u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x)
+        
+        if self._u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=b._ref,utype=b._refs)
+        
+        if b._u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=self._refs)
         
+        dua = self._u/u
+        dub = b._u/u
+        if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
+            dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        else:
+            dof = float('inf')
+            
+        r = type(b)(x,u=u,dof=dof)
+    
         r._combc(self,b,dua,dub,c)
         
         return r
     
     def _radd(self,b):
-        r = type(self)(b + self._x, self._u, dof=self._dof)
-        if r._ref is not None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            r._refs = self._refs
-        return r
+        return type(self)(self._x + b,self._u,dof=self._ref,utype=self._refs)
     
     def _sub(self,b):           
         if not isinstance(b,ummy):
-            r = type(self)(self._x - b, self._u, dof=self._dof)
-            if r._ref is not None:
-                r._ref = self._ref
-                r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+            return type(self)(self._x - b,self._u,dof=self._ref,utype=self._refs)
             
         c = self.correlation(b)
         x = self._x - b._x
         u = _combu(self._u,-b._u,c)
-        
-        r = type(b)(x,u)
-        if r._ref is None:
-            return r
             
-        if self._ref is None:
-            r._ref = b._ref
-            r._refs = -b._refs
-            return r
-        if b._ref is None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+        if u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x)
+        
+        if self._u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=b._ref,utype=-b._refs)
         
-        dua = self._u/r._u
-        dub = -b._u/r._u
+        if b._u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=self._refs)
         
+        dua = self._u/u
+        dub = -b._u/u
         if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
-            r._dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
-            
+            dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        else:
+            dof = float('inf')
+        
+        r = type(b)(x,u=u,dof=dof)
+        
         r._combc(self,b,dua,dub,c)
 
         return r
     
     def _rsub(self,b):
-        r = type(self)(b - self._x, self._u, dof=self._dof)
-        if r._ref is not None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            r._refs = -self._refs
+        r = type(self)(b - self._x,self._u,dof=self._ref,utype=-self._refs)
         return r
     
     def _mul(self,b):
         if not isinstance(b,ummy):
-            r = type(self)(self._x*b, abs(self._u*b), dof=self._dof)
-            if r._ref is not None:
-                r._ref = self._ref
-                if b < 0:
-                    r._refs = -self._refs
-                else:
-                    r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+            refs = -self._refs if b < 0 else self._refs
+            return type(self)(self._x*b,abs(self._u*b),dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
                                         
         c = self.correlation(b)
         x = self._x*b._x
@@ -852,44 +835,33 @@ def _mul(self,b):
         dub = self._x*b._u
         u = _combu(dua,dub,c)
             
-        r = type(b)(x,u)
+        if u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x)
         
-        if r._ref is None:
-            return r
-        if self._ref is None:
-            r._ref = b._ref
-            if self._x < 0:
-                r._refs = -b._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = b._refs
-            return r
-        if b._ref is None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            if b._x < 0:
-                r._refs = -self._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+        if self._u == 0:
+            refs = -b._refs if self._x < 0 else b._refs
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=b._ref,utype=refs)
         
-        dua = dua/r._u
-        dub = dub/r._u
+        if b._u == 0:
+            refs = -self._refs if b._x < 0 else self._refs
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
         
+        dua = dua/u
+        dub = dub/u
         if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
-            r._dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+            dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        else:
+            dof = float('inf')
             
+        r = type(b)(x,u=u,dof=dof)
+        
         r._combc(self,b,dua,dub,c)
 
         return r
     
     def _rmul(self,b):
-        r = type(self)(b*self._x, abs(b*self._u), dof=self._dof)
-        if r._ref is not None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            if b < 0:
-                r._refs = -self._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = self._refs
-        return r
+        refs = -self._refs if b < 0 else self._refs
+        return type(self)(self._x*b,abs(self._u*b),dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
     
     def _truediv(self,b):   
         if not isinstance(b,ummy):
@@ -900,14 +872,8 @@ def _truediv(self,b):
                 x = MFraction(self._x,b)
             else:
                 x = self._x/b
-            r = type(self)(x, abs(self._u/b), dof=self._dof)
-            if r._ref is not None:
-                r._ref = self._ref
-                if b < 0:
-                    r._refs = -self._refs
-                else:
-                    r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+            refs = -self._refs if b < 0 else self._refs
+            return type(self)(x,abs(self._u/b),dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
                 
         c = self.correlation(b)
         if b._x == 0:
@@ -920,35 +886,30 @@ def _truediv(self,b):
                 x = self._x/b._x
             
         dua = self._u/b._x
-        dub = -self._x*b._u/b._x**2
+        dub = -(self._x*b._u/b._x)/b._x
         
         u = _combu(dua,dub,c)
-
-        r = type(b)(x,u)
         
-        if r._ref is None:
-            return r
-        if self._ref is None:
-            r._ref = b._ref
-            if self._x < 0:
-                r._refs = b._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = -b._refs
-            return r
-        if b._ref is None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            if b._x < 0:
-                r._refs = -self._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = self._refs
-            return r
+        if u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x)
         
-        dua = dua/r._u
-        dub = dub/r._u
+        if self._u == 0:
+            refs = b._refs if self._x < 0 else -b._refs
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=b._ref,utype=refs)
+        
+        if b._u == 0:
+            refs = -self._refs if b._x < 0 else self._refs
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
         
+        dua = dua/u
+        dub = dub/u
         if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
-            r._dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+            dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        else:
+            dof = float('inf')
             
+        r = type(b)(x,u=u,dof=dof)
+        
         r._combc(self,b,dua,dub,c)
 
         return r
@@ -963,14 +924,8 @@ def _rtruediv(self,b):
             else:
                 x = b/self._x
         u = abs(b*self._u/self._x**2)
-        r = type(self)(x,u,dof=self._dof)
-        if r._ref is not None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            if b < 0:
-                r._refs = self._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = -self._refs
-        return r
+        refs = self._refs if b < 0 else -self._refs
+        return type(self)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
     
     def _pow(self,b):
         if isinstance(b,ummy) and b._u == 0:
@@ -984,18 +939,13 @@ def _pow(self,b):
             else:
                 x = self._x**b
             u = abs(b*self._x**(b-1)*self._u)
-            r = type(self)(x,u,dof=self._dof)
-            if r._ref is not None:
-                r._ref = self._ref
-                if self._x < 0:
-                    sgn = int(-((-1)**b))
-                else:
-                    sgn = 1
-                if b < 0:
-                    sgn = -sgn
-                r._refs = sgn*self._refs
-                    
-            return r
+            if self._x < 0:
+                sgn = int(-((-1)**b))
+            else:
+                sgn = 1
+            if b < 0:
+                sgn = -sgn
+            return type(self)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=sgn*self._refs)
 
         if self._x <= 0:
             raise ValueError('a negative or zero value cannot raised to a power which has an uncertainty')            
@@ -1015,24 +965,23 @@ def _pow(self,b):
         dub = lgx*self._x**b._x*b._u
         u = _combu(dua,dub,c)
         
-        r = type(b)(x,u)
+        if u == 0:
+            return type(b)(x)
         
-        if r._ref is None:
-            return r
-        if self._ref is None:
-            r._ref = b._ref
-            if self._x < 0:
-                r._refs = -b._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = b._refs
-            return r
+        if self._u == 0:
+            refs = -b._refs if self._x < 0 else b._refs
+            return type(b)(x,u,dof=b._ref,utype=refs)
         
-        dua = dua/r._u
-        dub = dub/r._u
+        dua = dua/u
+        dub = dub/u
         
         if not isinf(self._ref.dof) or not isinf(b._ref.dof):
-            r._dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+            dof = self._get_dof(self._dof,b._dof,dua,dub,c)
+        else:
+            dof = float('inf')
             
+        r = type(b)(x,u=u,dof=dof)
+        
         r._combc(self,b,dua,dub,c)
 
         return r
@@ -1058,14 +1007,8 @@ def _rpow(self,b):
         except:
             pass
         u = abs(b**self._x*lgb*self._u)
-        r = type(self)(x,u,dof=self.dof)
-        if r._ref is not None:
-            r._ref = self._ref
-            if b < 0:
-                r._refs = -self._refs
-            else:
-                r._refs = self._refs
-        return r
+        refs = -self._refs if b < 0 else self._refs
+        return type(self)(x,u,dof=self._ref,utype=refs)
     
     def _nprnd(self,f):
         return type(self)(f(self._x))
@@ -1283,7 +1226,7 @@ class _GummyRef:
     _cortolp = 1 - 1e-8 # correlations larger than this are rounded to 1
     _cortoln = -1 + 1e-8 # correlations smaller than this are rounded to -1
     
-    def __init__(self,dof):
+    def __init__(self,dof=float('inf')):
         self._cor = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
         self._tag = None
         self._tag_refs = []
diff --git a/metrolopy/version.py b/metrolopy/version.py
index bfddfad..1017567 100644
--- a/metrolopy/version.py
+++ b/metrolopy/version.py
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with 
 # MetroloPy. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-__version__ = '0.5.3'
+__version__ = '0.5.4'
