diff --git a/lib/otel/segment-synthesis.js b/lib/otel/segment-synthesis.js
index bebc9ba287..62f852fc55 100644
--- a/lib/otel/segment-synthesis.js
+++ b/lib/otel/segment-synthesis.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 'use strict'
 const { RulesEngine } = require('./rules')
 const defaultLogger = require('../logger').child({ component: 'segment-synthesizer' })
-const { DatabaseSegment, HttpExternalSegment, ServerSegment } = require('./segments')
+const { createDbSegment, createHttpExternalSegment, createServerSegment } = require('./segments')
 
 class SegmentSynthesizer {
   constructor(agent, { logger = defaultLogger } = {}) {
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ class SegmentSynthesizer {
 
     switch (rule.type) {
       case 'external':
-        return new HttpExternalSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
+        return createHttpExternalSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
       case 'db':
-        return new DatabaseSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
+        return createDbSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
       case 'server':
-        return new ServerSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
+        return createServerSegment(this.agent, otelSpan)
       default:
         this.logger.debug('Found type: %s, no synthesis rule currently built', rule.type)
     }
diff --git a/lib/otel/segments/database.js b/lib/otel/segments/database.js
index 4c37f86830..42bf0d8861 100644
--- a/lib/otel/segments/database.js
+++ b/lib/otel/segments/database.js
@@ -17,54 +17,52 @@ const parseSql = require('../../db/query-parsers/sql')
 // TODO: This probably has some holes
 // I did analysis and tried to apply the best logic
 // to extract table/operation
-module.exports = class DatabaseSegment {
-  constructor(agent, otelSpan) {
-    const context = agent.tracer.getContext()
-    const name = this.setName(otelSpan)
-    const segment = agent.tracer.createSegment({
-      name,
-      parent: context.segment,
-      transaction: context.transaction
-    })
-    return { segment, transaction: context.transaction }
-  }
-
-  parseStatement(otelSpan, system) {
-    let table = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_SQL_TABLE]
-    let operation = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_OPERATION]
-    const statement = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_STATEMENT]
-    if (statement && !(table || operation)) {
-      const parsed = parseSql({ sql: statement })
-      if (parsed.operation && !operation) {
-        operation = parsed.operation
-      }
+module.exports = function createDbSegment(agent, otelSpan) {
+  const context = agent.tracer.getContext()
+  const name = setName(otelSpan)
+  const segment = agent.tracer.createSegment({
+    name,
+    parent: context.segment,
+    transaction: context.transaction
+  })
+  return { segment, transaction: context.transaction }
+}
 
-      if (parsed.collection && !table) {
-        table = parsed.collection
-      }
-    }
-    if (system === DbSystemValues.MONGODB) {
-      table = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_MONGODB_COLLECTION]
+function parseStatement(otelSpan, system) {
+  let table = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_SQL_TABLE]
+  let operation = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_OPERATION]
+  const statement = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_STATEMENT]
+  if (statement && !(table || operation)) {
+    const parsed = parseSql({ sql: statement })
+    if (parsed.operation && !operation) {
+      operation = parsed.operation
     }
 
-    if (system === DbSystemValues.REDIS && statement) {
-      ;[operation] = statement.split(' ')
+    if (parsed.collection && !table) {
+      table = parsed.collection
     }
+  }
+  if (system === DbSystemValues.MONGODB) {
+    table = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_MONGODB_COLLECTION]
+  }
 
-    table = table || 'Unknown'
-    operation = operation || 'Unknown'
-
-    return { operation, table }
+  if (system === DbSystemValues.REDIS && statement) {
+    ;[operation] = statement.split(' ')
   }
 
-  setName(otelSpan) {
-    const system = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_SYSTEM]
-    const { operation, table } = this.parseStatement(otelSpan, system)
-    let name = `Datastore/statement/${system}/${table}/${operation}`
-    // All segment name shapes are same except redis/memcached
-    if (system === DbSystemValues.REDIS || system === DbSystemValues.MEMCACHED) {
-      name = `Datastore/operation/${system}/${operation}`
-    }
-    return name
+  table = table || 'Unknown'
+  operation = operation || 'Unknown'
+
+  return { operation, table }
+}
+
+function setName(otelSpan) {
+  const system = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_DB_SYSTEM]
+  const { operation, table } = parseStatement(otelSpan, system)
+  let name = `Datastore/statement/${system}/${table}/${operation}`
+  // All segment name shapes are same except redis/memcached
+  if (system === DbSystemValues.REDIS || system === DbSystemValues.MEMCACHED) {
+    name = `Datastore/operation/${system}/${operation}`
   }
+  return name
 }
diff --git a/lib/otel/segments/http-external.js b/lib/otel/segments/http-external.js
index 581650aae4..226c97c6ff 100644
--- a/lib/otel/segments/http-external.js
+++ b/lib/otel/segments/http-external.js
@@ -7,16 +7,14 @@
 const NAMES = require('../../metrics/names')
 const { SEMATTRS_HTTP_HOST } = require('@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions')
 
-module.exports = class HttpExternalSegment {
-  constructor(agent, otelSpan) {
-    const context = agent.tracer.getContext()
-    const host = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_HOST] || 'Unknown'
-    const name = NAMES.EXTERNAL.PREFIX + host
-    const segment = agent.tracer.createSegment({
-      name,
-      parent: context.segment,
-      transaction: context.transaction
-    })
-    return { segment, transaction: context.transaction }
-  }
+module.exports = function createHttpExternalSegment(agent, otelSpan) {
+  const context = agent.tracer.getContext()
+  const host = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_HOST] || 'Unknown'
+  const name = NAMES.EXTERNAL.PREFIX + host
+  const segment = agent.tracer.createSegment({
+    name,
+    parent: context.segment,
+    transaction: context.transaction
+  })
+  return { segment, transaction: context.transaction }
 }
diff --git a/lib/otel/segments/index.js b/lib/otel/segments/index.js
index 019bbf2829..b7d258c596 100644
--- a/lib/otel/segments/index.js
+++ b/lib/otel/segments/index.js
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
  */
 
 'use strict'
-const HttpExternalSegment = require('./http-external')
-const DatabaseSegment = require('./database')
-const ServerSegment = require('./server')
+const createHttpExternalSegment = require('./http-external')
+const createDbSegment = require('./database')
+const createServerSegment = require('./server')
 
 module.exports = {
-  DatabaseSegment,
-  HttpExternalSegment,
-  ServerSegment
+  createDbSegment,
+  createHttpExternalSegment,
+  createServerSegment
 }
diff --git a/lib/otel/segments/server.js b/lib/otel/segments/server.js
index 6046eff487..94181efb52 100644
--- a/lib/otel/segments/server.js
+++ b/lib/otel/segments/server.js
@@ -19,70 +19,67 @@ const Transaction = require('../../transaction')
 const urltils = require('../../util/urltils')
 const url = require('url')
 
-module.exports = class ServerSegment {
-  constructor(agent, otelSpan) {
-    this.agent = agent
-    this.transaction = new Transaction(agent)
-    this.transaction.type = 'web'
-    this.otelSpan = otelSpan
-    const rpcSystem = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_SYSTEM]
-    const httpMethod = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_METHOD]
-    if (rpcSystem) {
-      this.segment = this.rpcSegment(rpcSystem)
-    } else if (httpMethod) {
-      this.segment = this.httpSegment(httpMethod)
-    } else {
-      this.segment = this.genericHttpSegment()
-    }
-    this.transaction.baseSegment = this.segment
-    return { segment: this.segment, transaction: this.transaction }
+module.exports = function createServerSegment(agent, otelSpan) {
+  const transaction = new Transaction(agent)
+  transaction.type = 'web'
+  const rpcSystem = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_SYSTEM]
+  const httpMethod = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_METHOD]
+  let segment
+  if (rpcSystem) {
+    segment = rpcSegment({ agent, otelSpan, transaction, rpcSystem })
+  } else if (httpMethod) {
+    segment = httpSegment({ agent, otelSpan, transaction, httpMethod })
+  } else {
+    segment = genericHttpSegment({ agent, transaction })
   }
+  transaction.baseSegment = segment
+  return { segment, transaction }
+}
 
-  rpcSegment(rpcSystem) {
-    const rpcService = this.otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_SERVICE] || 'Unknown'
-    const rpcMethod = this.otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_METHOD] || 'Unknown'
-    const name = `WebTransaction/WebFrameworkUri/${rpcSystem}/${rpcService}.${rpcMethod}`
-    this.transaction.name = name
-    this.transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.method', rpcMethod)
-    this.transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.uri', name)
-    this.transaction.url = name
-    const segment = this.agent.tracer.createSegment({
-      name,
-      parent: this.transaction.trace.root,
-      transaction: this.transaction
-    })
-    segment.addAttribute('component', rpcSystem)
-    return segment
-  }
+function rpcSegment({ agent, otelSpan, transaction, rpcSystem }) {
+  const rpcService = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_SERVICE] || 'Unknown'
+  const rpcMethod = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_RPC_METHOD] || 'Unknown'
+  const name = `WebTransaction/WebFrameworkUri/${rpcSystem}/${rpcService}.${rpcMethod}`
+  transaction.name = name
+  transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.method', rpcMethod)
+  transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.uri', name)
+  transaction.url = name
+  const segment = agent.tracer.createSegment({
+    name,
+    parent: transaction.trace.root,
+    transaction
+  })
+  segment.addAttribute('component', rpcSystem)
+  return segment
+}
 
-  // most instrumentation will hit this case
-  // I find that if the request is in a web framework, the web framework instrumentation
-  // sets `http.route` and when the span closes it pulls that attribute in
-  // we'll most likely need to wire up some naming reconciliation
-  // to handle this use case.
-  httpSegment(httpMethod) {
-    const httpRoute = this.otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_ROUTE] || 'Unknown'
-    const httpUrl = this.otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_URL] || '/Unknown'
-    const requestUrl = url.parse(httpUrl, true)
-    const name = `WebTransaction/Nodejs/${httpMethod}/${httpRoute}`
-    this.transaction.name = name
-    this.transaction.url = urltils.obfuscatePath(this.agent.config, requestUrl.pathname)
-    this.transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.uri', this.transaction.url)
-    this.transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.method', httpMethod)
-    return this.agent.tracer.createSegment({
-      name,
-      parent: this.transaction.trace.root,
-      transaction: this.transaction
-    })
-  }
+// most instrumentation will hit this case
+// I find that if the request is in a web framework, the web framework instrumentation
+// sets `http.route` and when the span closes it pulls that attribute in
+// we'll most likely need to wire up some naming reconciliation
+// to handle this use case.
+function httpSegment({ agent, otelSpan, transaction, httpMethod }) {
+  const httpRoute = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_ROUTE] || 'Unknown'
+  const httpUrl = otelSpan.attributes[SEMATTRS_HTTP_URL] || '/Unknown'
+  const requestUrl = url.parse(httpUrl, true)
+  const name = `WebTransaction/Nodejs/${httpMethod}/${httpRoute}`
+  transaction.name = name
+  transaction.url = urltils.obfuscatePath(agent.config, requestUrl.pathname)
+  transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.uri', transaction.url)
+  transaction.trace.attributes.addAttribute(DESTINATION, 'request.method', httpMethod)
+  return agent.tracer.createSegment({
+    name,
+    parent: transaction.trace.root,
+    transaction
+  })
+}
 
-  genericHttpSegment() {
-    const name = 'WebTransaction/NormalizedUri/*'
-    this.transaction.name = name
-    return this.agent.tracer.createSegment({
-      name,
-      parent: this.transaction.trace.root,
-      transaction: this.transaction
-    })
-  }
+function genericHttpSegment({ agent, transaction }) {
+  const name = 'WebTransaction/NormalizedUri/*'
+  transaction.name = name
+  return agent.tracer.createSegment({
+    name,
+    parent: transaction.trace.root,
+    transaction: transaction
+  })
 }