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function-method-ont.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#"
xml:base="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:DOLCE="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#"
xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology">
<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE"/>
<terms:license rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Capability, functionality, and engineering methods ontology.
Attachment to the paper "About functions, behaviours, and capabilities
in formal ontology and engineering" in submission to the Semantic Web Journal, this ontology exemplify how the first order theory described in the paper can be translated in OWL.
The Dolce-owl ontology is an OWL version of Dolce which has been submitted to the ISO 21838 standard.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Ontology>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Annotation properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://purl.org/dc/terms/license -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/terms/license"/>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Datatypes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ohms -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ohms"/>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#volts -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#volts"/>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#causally-contributes-to -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#causally-contributes-to">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy>This relation abstracts causal explanations of complex occurences. For example, "the beam was cut, therefore it fell to the floor": we could introduce in the domain of discourse two perdurants: "cutting the beam [in some context]" and "falling to the floor [in some context]" and then state causally-contributes-to("cutting the beam", "falling to the floor")</rdfs:isDefinedBy>
<rdfs:label>causally-contributes-to</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classified-by -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classified-by">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classifies"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:label>classified-by</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classifies -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classifies">
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:label>classifies</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#constant-part-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#constant-part-of">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ED"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ED"/>
<rdfs:comment>constant part-of relation</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>constant-part-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#definition-founded-on -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#definition-founded-on">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:comment>“x is definition-founded on some entity y if
and only if y is used to define x”.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>definition-founded-on</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#electric-coupling -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#electric-coupling">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#structural-coupling"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>electric-coupling</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#external-to -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#external-to">
<rdfs:comment>This relation expresses the fact that two entities are 'external'. The precise definition of the external-to relation depends on the underlying reference ontology. Using DOLCE we defined it as follows: x is external to y if and only if x is neither a quality of y, nor one of y’s constituents, nor x and y have parts in common.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>externalTo(x,y) ⇐⇒¬(qt(x,y) ∨constitutes(x,y) ∨O(x,y))</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>external-to</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#follows -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#follows">
<rdfs:comment>follows is defined differently depending on its relata:
in the case the relata are perdurants
df31 follows(x, y) =df precedes(y, x)
In the case the relata are types
df33 follows(Φ, Ψ) =df ∀x(Ψ(x) =⇒ ∃y(Φ(y) ∧ follows(y, x)))
“Φ follows Ψ if for every instance of Ψ there is an instance of Φ that follows
it.”
In the case the relata are reified concepts:
df35 follows(c, d) =df ∀x(CL(x, d) =⇒ ∃y(CL(y, c) ∧ follows(y, x)))</rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#function-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#function-of">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>function-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-function -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-function">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:comment>hasFunction(x, f) ⇐⇒ ∃a, qintentionalSel(a, e, x, q)∧defFounded(q, f)
“An entity has/bears/carries/has ascribed a function iff there is some agent
that intentionally selects (though event e) a capability (q) of that entity
that makes the entity able of executing the function.” Here we express the
link between the capability and the function with the definition-founding
relation, as was done before. Notice that f may be an ontological function,
but also some more specific class, such as a systemic function</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>has-function</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-main-function -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-main-function">
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#main-function-of"/>
<rdfs:label>has-main-function</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-systemic-function -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-systemic-function">
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#systemic-function-of"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>has-systemic-function</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#instantiation-founded-on -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#instantiation-founded-on">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:comment>foundedInst(x, y) ⇐⇒ (CN(x)∧∃z, t(CL(z, x, t))∧∀z, t(CL(z, x, t) =⇒ ∃w(founded(z,w)∧CL(w, y, t))))
“the concept x is instantiation-founded on the concept y if and only if, given any z that plays x, then z is
founded on some instance of y”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>instantiation-founded-on</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#main-function-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#main-function-of">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#EngineeringMethod"/>
<rdfs:label>main-function-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#partecipated-by-doer -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#partecipated-by-doer">
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-doer"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Behaviour"/>
<rdfs:range>
<owl:Class>
<owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ASO"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
</owl:unionOf>
</owl:Class>
</rdfs:range>
<rdfs:label>partecipated-by-doer</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-doer -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-doer">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-in"/>
<rdfs:domain>
<owl:Class>
<owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ASO"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
</owl:unionOf>
</owl:Class>
</rdfs:domain>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Behaviour"/>
<rdfs:comment>This is a processual role contextualized by a behavior. For example, a cutting action entails that there is something that is the subject of the action, say a saw (or the system formed by a person or machine using the saw), and the object of the action, say a beam of wood. The same holds for pumping, joining, and other behaviors that can be described by transitive verbs.
The action subjects participate-as-doer to the behavior.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>participates-as-doer</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-flow -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-flow">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-in"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Behaviour"/>
<rdfs:comment>This is a processual role contextualized by a behavior. For example, a cutting action entails that there is something that is the subject of the action, say a saw (or the system formed by a person or machine using the saw), and the object of the action, say a beam of wood. The same holds for pumping, joining, and other behaviors that can be described by transitive verbs.
The action objects participate-as-flow to the behavior.
We do not add a Flow class to this ontology, leaving the issue to further research, or to domain-level extensions of this ontology.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>participate-as-flow</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-in -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-in">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ED"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD"/>
<rdfs:label>participates-in</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#plays-as -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#plays-as">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#classified-by"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Role"/>
<rdfs:label>play-as</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#precedes -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#precedes">
<rdfs:comment>precedes</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>precedes is defined differently depending on its relata:
in the case the relata are perdurants
df30 precedes(x, y) =df ∃t, t′(ql(t, x)T ∧ ql(t′, y)T ∧ t ≤ t′)
“x precedes y if the time extension of x precedes that of y.”
In the case the relata are types
df32 precedes(Φ, Ψ) =df ∀x(Ψ(x) =⇒ ∃y(Φ(y) ∧ precedes(y, x)))
“Φ precedes Ψ if for every instance of Ψ there is an instance of Φ that
precedes it.”
In the case the relata are reified concepts:
df34 precedes(c, d) =df ∀x(CL(x, d) =⇒ ∃y(CL(y, c) ∧ precedes(y, x)))</rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#quale-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#quale-of">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:label>quale-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#quality-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#quality-of">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#Q"/>
<rdfs:label>quality-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sp-dependent-on -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sp-dependent-on">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This dependence is specific and existential: x depends on y if and only if x exists at some time and at any time when x exists so does y.
(the predicate PRE(x,t) -- x exists at time t -- is omitted from this ontology, since it is only used to define the depends-on relation, in a way that is not implementable in OWL)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>specificallyDependsOn(x,y) ⇐⇒(∃t(PRE(x,t)) ∧∀t(PRE(x,t) =⇒PRE(y,t)))</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">sp-depends-on</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#structural-coupling -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#structural-coupling">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>structural-coupling</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sub-concept-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sub-concept-of">
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#super-concept-of"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:comment>subConceptOf(x, y) ⇐⇒ (CN(x) ∧ CN(y) ∧ ∃z, t(CL(z, x, t)) ∧ ∀z, t(CL(z, x, t) =⇒ CL(z, y, t)))
“A concept x is a sub-concept of a concept y if and only if all instances of x are also instances of y”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>sub-concept-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sub-function-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sub-function-of">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#EngineeringMethod"/>
<rdfs:label>sub-function-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#super-concept-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#super-concept-of">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:label>super-concept-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#systemic-function-of -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#systemic-function-of">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>systemic-function-of</rdfs:label>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Data properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-direct-quale -->
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#has-direct-quale">
<rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#Q"/>
<rdfs:label>has-direct-quale</rdfs:label>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ASO -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ASO"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ED -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ED"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NAPO -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NAPO"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NASO -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NASO"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#POB -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#POB"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PRO -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PRO"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#Q -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#Q"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ST -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#ST"/>
<!-- http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#STV -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#STV"/>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#AmountOfMatterOntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#AmountOfMatterOntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Amount of Matter</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Battery -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Battery">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Battery</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#BatteryVoltage -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#BatteryVoltage">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity"/>
<rdfs:label>Battery Voltage</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Behaviour -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Behaviour">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PD"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<rdf:Description>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-doer"/>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<rdf:Description>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#participates-as-flow"/>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment>A subclass of DOLCE perdurants, representing perdurants from the point of view of a selected artifact, which is seen as the active agent ("doer") in the perdurant.
This class is partially characterized by the fact that
one can identify two ‘processual’ roles in the sense of: an active one, called doer, and a passive one, called operand or flow.
For instance, a cutting action entails that there is something that is the subject of the action, say a saw (or the system formed by a person or machine using the saw), and the object of the action, say a beam of wood.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Behaviour</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#RelationalQuality"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#definition-founded-on"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sp-dependent-on"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment>A relational quality is a capability if and only if is definition-founded on
some ontological function</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>Capability(x) ⇐⇒relationalQt(x)∧∃y(FunctionOnt(y)∧
foundedDef(x,y))</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>Capability(x) ⇒∃y(Capacity(y)∧
founded(x,y))
A capability is founded on some capacity</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Capability</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#RelationalQuality"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sp-dependent-on"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<rdf:Description>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#sp-dependent-on"/>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment>Capacity(x) =⇒ relationalQt(x) ∧ ∃y(specificallyDependentOn(x, y) ∧ intrinsicQt(y) ∧ bearer(x) =
bearer(y))
“A capacity is a relational quality and is dependent on some intrinsic quality, which is carried by the same
bearer.”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>Capacity(x) =⇒ ∃y(Capability(y) ∧ specificallyDependentOn(y, x))
“Each capacity has a capability which is dependent on that capacity”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Capacity</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Cilinder -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Cilinder">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Cilinder</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NASO"/>
<rdfs:label>Concept</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Connect -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Connect">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#PhysicalObjectOntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:comment>Connect(x) ⇐⇒ (CL(y, x) ⇐⇒ E(y) ∧ startState(y, si, ti) ∧ endState(y, s f , t f ) ∧ Goal(s f ) ∧
∃a, b, c(POB(a)∧POB(b)∧POB(c)∧PC(a, si, ti)∧PC(a, s f , t f )∧PC(b, si, ti)∧PC(b, s f , t f )∧PC(c, s f , t f )∧
P(a, c, t f ) ∧ P(b, c, t f )) ∧ ¬∃c′(POB(c′) ∧ PC(c′, si, ti) ∧ P(a, c′, ti) ∧ P(b, c′, ti)))
“A concept is of connect type if and only if it classifies precisely those events that are transitions between a
starting state (si, with time extension ti) and a final state (s f , with extension t f ) and, moreover, there are two
physical objects (a and b) that participate in such states and, during the final state but not in the initial one,
they are both part of a physical object (c)”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Connect</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Convert -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Convert">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:comment>Convert(x) ⇐⇒ (CL(y, x) ⇐⇒ E(y) ∧ startState(y, si, ti) ∧ endState(y, s f , t f ) ∧ Goal(s f ) ∧
∃Φ, Ψ, a(Φ ∈ N R ∧ Ψ ∈ N R ∧ Ψ ∩ Φ = ∅ ∧ PC(a, si, ti) ∧ PC(a, s f , t f ) ∧ Φ(a, ti) ∧ Ψ(a, t f )))
“A concept is of convert type if and only if it classifies precisely those events that are transitions between a
starting state (si, with time extension ti) and a desired final state (s f , with extension t f ) and, moreover, there
is an entity (a) that at time ti is instance of a type (Φ), while at time t f is instance of a different, disjoint, type
(Ψ). Necessarily, Φ and Ψ are types belonging to the set of all non-rigid types of the underlying ontology
(N R)”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Convert</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ConvertEnergy -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ConvertEnergy">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Convert"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunctionAboutAmountOfEnergy"/>
<rdfs:comment>Some amount of energy changed its type</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Convert energy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Decrease -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Decrease">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#QualityValueOntologicalFunction"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Increase"/>
<rdfs:comment>The value of some target quality decreased</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Decrease</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ElectricSwitch -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ElectricSwitch">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Electric Switch</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#EngineeringMethod -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#EngineeringMethod">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#NASO"/>
<rdfs:comment>"Reifications" of the knowledge that engineers share about ways of implementing
functions through functional decomposition</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Engineering Method</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#FeatureOntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#FeatureOntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Features</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#FlowRate -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#FlowRate">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity"/>
<rdfs:label>Flow Rate</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#GenerateElectricEnergy -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#GenerateElectricEnergy">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability"/>
<rdfs:label>Capability of Generating Electrical Energy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Goal -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Goal">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:comment>Goals are selected states-description of a technical artifact.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Goal</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Groove -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Groove">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#FeatureOntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:comment>A groove feature is added in some workpiece</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Groove</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Heating -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Heating">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability"/>
<rdfs:label>Capability of Heating</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Increase -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Increase">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#QualityValueOntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:comment>The value of some target quality increased</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Increase</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#RelationalQuality"/>
<rdfs:comment>We define relational qualities as the class complementary to Relational qualities</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>intrinsicQt(x) ⇐⇒(Q(x) ∧¬relationalQt(x))</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Intrinsic Quality</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Length -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Length">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality"/>
<rdfs:label>Length</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Mass -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Mass">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality"/>
<rdfs:label>Mass</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Motor -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Motor">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Motor</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#super-concept-of"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#super-concept-of"/>
<owl:allValuesFrom>
<owl:Class>
<owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SystemicFunction"/>
</owl:unionOf>
</owl:Class>
</owl:allValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment>FunctionOnt(x) =⇒ (∃y(SP(y,x) ∧ FunctionSys(y)) ∧ ∀y(SP(y,x) ∧ ¬FunctionOnt(y) =⇒
FunctionSys(y)))
“any ontological function x is specialized by some systemic function y and, beyond ontological functions, it
classifies systemic functions only”</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>Ontological functions are functions that do not depend on either a method nor a system, and are generalisations of systemic functions</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunctionAboutAmountOfEnergy -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunctionAboutAmountOfEnergy">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Energy Amount</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#PhysicalObjectOntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#PhysicalObjectOntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Physical Objects</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pipe -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pipe">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Pipe</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ProcessOntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#ProcessOntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Processes</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pump -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pump">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Pump</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pumping -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Pumping">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capability"/>
<rdfs:label>Capability of Pumping</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#QualityValueOntologicalFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#QualityValueOntologicalFunction">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#OntologicalFunction"/>
<rdfs:label>Ontological Function about Quality Values</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#RelationalQuality -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#RelationalQuality">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<rdfs:comment>Heuristically, any quality that "depends on" some external entity.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Relational Quality</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Resistance -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Resistance">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Capacity"/>
<rdfs:label>Resistance</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Resistor -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Resistor">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
<rdfs:label>Resistor</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Role -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Role">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#definition-founded-on"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment>RL(x) =⇒∃yfoundedInst(x,y)
"“if x is a role, then there is a y on which it is instantiation-founded"</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Role</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SelectedFunction -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#SelectedFunction">
<owl:equivalentClass>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#function-of"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#TechnicalArtifact"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</owl:equivalentClass>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Concept"/>
<rdfs:label>Selected Function</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Shape -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#Shape">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/dolce-owl/DOLCE#PQ"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://github.com/kataph/function-method-ontology#IntrinsicQuality"/>
<rdfs:label>Shape</rdfs:label>