diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0adb020a5..088d308a4 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -291,13 +291,20 @@ domain: astronomy created_by: juliadenham seed_examples: - context: | - **Phoenix** is a minor constellation in the southern sky. Named after the mythical - phoenix, it was first depicted on a celestial atlas by Johann Bayer in his 1603 - *Uranometria*. The French explorer and astronomer Nicolas Louis de - Lacaille charted the brighter stars and gave their Bayer designations + **Phoenix** is a minor [constellation](constellation "wikilink") in the + [southern sky](southern_sky "wikilink"). Named after the mythical + [phoenix](Phoenix_(mythology) "wikilink"), it was first depicted on a + celestial atlas by [Johann Bayer](Johann_Bayer "wikilink") in his 1603 + *[Uranometria](Uranometria "wikilink")*. The French explorer and + astronomer [Nicolas Louis de + Lacaille](Nicolas_Louis_de_Lacaille "wikilink") charted the brighter + stars and gave their [Bayer designations](Bayer_designation "wikilink") in 1756. The constellation stretches from roughly −39 degrees to −57 degrees - declination, and from 23.5h to 2.5h of right ascension. The constellations Phoenix, - Grus, Pavo, are known as the Southern Birds. + [declination](declination "wikilink"), and from 23.5h to 2.5h of [right + ascension](right_ascension "wikilink"). The constellations Phoenix, + [Grus](Grus_(constellation) "wikilink"), + [Pavo](Pavo_(constellation) "wikilink") and [Tucana](Tucana "wikilink"), + are known as the Southern Birds. questions_and_answers: - question: | What is the Phoenix constellation? @@ -314,16 +321,22 @@ seed_examples: The phoenix constellation stretches from roughly −39° to −57° declination, and from 23.5h to 2.5h of right ascension. - context: | - Phoenix was the largest of the 12 constellations established by Petrus - Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de - Houtman. It first appeared on a 35cm diameter celestial globe published - in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius with Jodocus Hondius. The first - depiction of this constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's - *Uranometria* of 1603. De Houtman included it in his southern star catalog - the same year under the Dutch name *Den voghel Fenicx*, "The Bird Phoenix", - symbolising the phoenix of classical mythology. One name of the brightest star Alpha - Phoenicis—Ankaa—is derived from the Arabic: العنقاء, romanized: al-‘anqā’, - lit. 'the phoenix', and was coined sometime after 1800 in relation to the constellation. + Phoenix was the largest of the 12 constellations established by [Petrus + Plancius](Petrus_Plancius "wikilink") from the observations of [Pieter + Dirkszoon Keyser](Pieter_Dirkszoon_Keyser "wikilink") and [Frederick de + Houtman](Frederick_de_Houtman "wikilink"). It first appeared on a 35cm + diameter celestial globe published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by + Plancius with [Jodocus Hondius](Jodocus_Hondius "wikilink"). The first + depiction of this constellation in a celestial atlas was in [Johann + Bayer](Johann_Bayer "wikilink")'s + *[Uranometria](Uranometria "wikilink")* of 1603. De Houtman included + it in his southern star catalog the same year under the Dutch name *Den + voghel Fenicx*, "The Bird Phoenix", symbolising the + [phoenix](Phoenix_(mythology) "wikilink") of classical mythology. One + name of the brightest star [Alpha + Phoenicis](Alpha_Phoenicis "wikilink")—Ankaa—is derived from the Arabic: + العنقاء, romanized: al-‘anqā’, lit. 'the phoenix', and + was coined sometime after 1800 in relation to the constellation. questions_and_answers: - question: | What is the brightest star in the Phoenix constellation @@ -341,21 +354,32 @@ seed_examples: answer: | "The Bird Phoenix" symbolizes the phoenix of classical mythology. - context: | - Phoenix is a small constellation bordered by Fornax and Sculptor to the north, - Grus to the west, Tucana to the south, touching on the corner of Hydrus to the - south, and Eridanus to the east and southeast. The bright star Achernar is - nearby. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the - International Astronomical Union in 1922, is "Phe". The official constellation - boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, - are defined by a polygon of 10 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right - ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 23h 26.5m and 02h 25.0m, - while the declination coordinates are between −39.31° and −57.84°. This means it remains - below the horizon to anyone living north of the 40th parallel in the Northern - Hemisphere, and remains low in the sky for anyone living north of the equator. - It is most visible from locations such as Australia and South Africa during - late Southern Hemisphere spring. Most of the constellation lies within, and - can be located by, forming a triangle of the bright stars Achernar, Fomalhaut - and Beta Ceti—Ankaa lies roughly in the centre of this. + Phoenix is a small constellation bordered by [Fornax](Fornax "wikilink") + and Sculptor to the north, Grus to the west, Tucana to the south, + touching on the corner of [Hydrus](Hydrus "wikilink") to the south, and + [Eridanus](Eridanus_(constellation) "wikilink") to the east and + southeast. The bright star [Achernar](Achernar "wikilink") is + nearby. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as + adopted by the [International Astronomical + Union](International_Astronomical_Union "wikilink") in 1922, is + "Phe". The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian + astronomer [Eugène Delporte](Eugène_Joseph_Delporte "wikilink") in 1930, + are defined by a polygon of 10 segments. In the [equatorial coordinate + system](equatorial_coordinate_system "wikilink"), the [right + ascension](right_ascension "wikilink") coordinates of these borders lie + between 23h 26.5m and 02h 25.0m, + while the [declination](declination "wikilink") + coordinates are between −39.31° and −57.84°. This means it remains + below the horizon to anyone living north of the [40th + parallel](40th_parallel_north "wikilink") in the [Northern + Hemisphere](Northern_Hemisphere "wikilink"), and remains low in the sky + for anyone living north of the [equator](equator "wikilink"). It is most + visible from locations such as Australia and South Africa during late + [Southern Hemisphere](Southern_Hemisphere "wikilink") spring. Most + of the constellation lies within, and can be located by, forming a + triangle of the bright stars Achernar, [Fomalhaut](Fomalhaut "wikilink") + and [Beta Ceti](Beta_Ceti "wikilink")—Ankaa lies roughly in the centre + of this. questions_and_answers: - question: What are the characteristics of the Phoenix constellation? answer: | @@ -376,17 +400,22 @@ seed_examples: segments. - context: | Ten stars have been found to have planets to date, and four planetary - systems have been discovered with the SuperWASP project. HD 142 is a yellow - giant that has an apparent magnitude of 5.7, and has a planet HD 142b 1.36 - times the mass of Jupiter which orbits every 328 days. HD 2039 is a yellow - subgiant with an apparent magnitude of 9.0 around 330 light years away which - has a planet HD 2039 b six times the mass of Jupiter. WASP-18 is a star of - magnitude 9.29 which was discovered to have a hot Jupiter-like planet taking - less than a day to orbit the star. The planet is suspected to be causing WASP-18 to - appear older than it really is. WASP-4 and WASP-5 are solar-type yellow stars around 1000 - light years distant and of 13th magnitude, each with a single planet larger - than Jupiter. WASP-29 is an orange dwarf of spectral type K4V and visual magnitude - 11.3, which has a planetary companion of similar size and mass to Saturn. The planet + systems have been discovered with the [SuperWASP](SuperWASP "wikilink") + project. [HD 142](HD_142 "wikilink") is a yellow giant that has an + apparent magnitude of 5.7, and has a planet ([HD 142b](HD_142_b + "wikilink")) 1.36 times the mass of Jupiter which orbits every 328 days. + [HD 2039](HD_2039 "wikilink") is a yellow subgiant with an apparent + magnitude of 9.0 around 330 light years away which has a planet ([HD 2039 + b](HD_2039_b "wikilink")) six times the mass of Jupiter. [WASP-18](WASP-18 + "wikilink") is a star of magnitude 9.29 which was discovered to have a hot + Jupiter-like planet ([WASP-18b](WASP-18b "wikilink")) taking less than a + day to orbit the star. The planet is suspected to be causing WASP-18 to + appear older than it really is. [WASP-4](WASP-4 "wikilink") and + [WASP-5](WASP-5 "wikilink") are solar-type yellow stars around 1000 + light years distant and of 13th magnitude, each with a single planet + larger than Jupiter. [WASP-29](WASP-29 "wikilink") is an orange + dwarf of spectral type K4V and visual magnitude 11.3, which has a + planetary companion of similar size and mass to Saturn. The planet completes an orbit every 3.9 days. questions_and_answers: - question: In the Phoenix constellation, how many stars have planets? @@ -407,20 +436,31 @@ seed_examples: years distant and of 13th magnitude, each with a single planet larger than Jupiter. - context: | - The constellation does not lie on the galactic plane of the Milky Way, and there - are no prominent star clusters. NGC 625 is a dwarf irregular galaxy of apparent magnitude 11.0 + The constellation does not lie on the + [galactic plane](galactic_plane "wikilink") of the Milky Way, and there + are no prominent star clusters. [NGC 625](NGC_625 "wikilink") is a dwarf + [irregular galaxy](irregular_galaxy "wikilink") of apparent magnitude 11.0 and lying some 12.7 million light years distant. Only 24000 light years in - diameter, it is an outlying member of the Sculptor Group. NGC 625 is - thought to have been involved in a collision and is experiencing a burst - of active star formation. NGC 37 is a lenticular galaxy of apparent magnitude - 14.66. It is approximately 42 kiloparsecs in diameter and about 12.9 billion years old. - Robert's Quartet , and three spiral galaxies NGC 88 and NGC 92) is a group of - four galaxies located around 160 million light-years away which are in the process of colliding - and merging. They are within a circle of radius of 1.6 arcmin, corresponding to about - 75,000 light-years. Located in the galaxy ESO 243-49 is HLX-1, an intermediate-mass - black hole intermediate-mass_black_hole —the first one of its kind identified. - It is thought to be a remnant of a dwarf galaxy that was absorbed in a collision - with ESO 243-49. Before its discovery, this class of black hole was only hypothesized. + diameter, it is an outlying member of the [Sculptor Group](Sculptor_Group + "wikilink"). NGC 625 is thought to have been involved in a collision and + is experiencing a burst of [active star formation](Active_galactic_nucleus + "wikilink"). [NGC 37](NGC_37 "wikilink") is a + [lenticular galaxy](lenticular_galaxy "wikilink") of apparent magnitude + 14.66. It is approximately 42 [kiloparsecs](kiloparsecs "wikilink") + (137,000 [light-years](light-years "wikilink")) in diameter and about + 12.9 billion years old. [Robert's Quartet](Robert's_Quartet "wikilink") + (composed of the irregular galaxy [NGC 87](NGC_87 "wikilink"), and three + spiral galaxies [NGC 88](NGC_88 "wikilink"), [NGC 89](NGC_89 "wikilink") + and [NGC 92](NGC_92 "wikilink")) is a group of four galaxies located + around 160 million light-years away which are in the process of colliding + and merging. They are within a circle of radius of 1.6 arcmin, + corresponding to about 75,000 light-years. Located in the galaxy ESO + 243-49 is [HLX-1](HLX-1 "wikilink"), an + [intermediate-mass black hole](intermediate-mass_black_hole + "wikilink")—the first one of its kind identified. It is thought to be a + remnant of a dwarf galaxy that was absorbed in a + [collision](Interacting_galaxy "wikilink") with ESO 243-49. Before its + discovery, this class of black hole was only hypothesized. questions_and_answers: - question: | Is the Phoenix Constellation part of the Milky Way? @@ -473,21 +513,37 @@ snippet of `phoenix_constellation.md` might look like in your Git repository. ```markdown # Phoenix (constellation) -**Phoenix** is a minor constellation in the southern sky. Named after the mythical -phoenix, it was first depicted on a celestial atlas by Johann Bayer in his 1603 -*Uranometria*. The French explorer and astronomer Nicolas Louis de -Lacaille charted the brighter stars and gave their Bayer designations +**Phoenix** is a minor [constellation](constellation "wikilink") in the +[southern sky](southern_sky "wikilink"). Named after the mythical +[phoenix](Phoenix_(mythology) "wikilink"), it was first depicted on a +celestial atlas by [Johann Bayer](Johann_Bayer "wikilink") in his 1603 +*[Uranometria](Uranometria "wikilink")*. The French explorer and +astronomer [Nicolas Louis de +Lacaille](Nicolas_Louis_de_Lacaille "wikilink") charted the brighter +stars and gave their [Bayer designations](Bayer_designation "wikilink") in 1756. The constellation stretches from roughly −39 degrees to −57 degrees -declination, and from 23.5h to 2.5h of right ascension. The constellations Phoenix, -Grus, Pavo, are known as the Southern Birds. - -The brightest star, Alpha Phoenicis, is named Ankaa, an Arabic word meaning 'the Phoenix'. -It is an orange giant of apparent magnitude 2.4. Next is Beta Phoenicis, actually a -binary system composed of two yellow giants with a combined apparent magnitude of 3.3. Nu -Phoenicis has a dust disk, while the constellation has ten star systems with known planets and the recently -discovered galaxy clusters El Gordo and the Phoenix -Cluster—located 7.2 and 5.7 billion light years away respectively, two of the largest objects in the visible -universe. Phoenix is the radiant of two annual meteor showers: the Phoenicids in December, and the July +[declination](declination "wikilink"), and from 23.5h to 2.5h of [right +ascension](right_ascension "wikilink"). The constellations Phoenix, +[Grus](Grus_(constellation) "wikilink"), +[Pavo](Pavo_(constellation) "wikilink") and [Tucana](Tucana "wikilink"), +are known as the Southern Birds. + +The brightest star, [Alpha Phoenicis](Alpha_Phoenicis "wikilink"), is +named Ankaa, an [Arabic](Arabic "wikilink") word meaning 'the Phoenix'. +It is an orange giant of apparent magnitude 2.4. Next is [Beta +Phoenicis](Beta_Phoenicis "wikilink"), actually a +[binary](Binary_star "wikilink") system composed of two yellow giants +with a combined apparent magnitude of 3.3. [Nu +Phoenicis](Nu_Phoenicis "wikilink") has a dust disk, while the +constellation has ten star systems with known planets and the recently +discovered [galaxy clusters](galaxy_cluster "wikilink") [El +Gordo](El_Gordo_(galaxy_cluster) "wikilink") and the [Phoenix +Cluster](Phoenix_Cluster "wikilink")—located 7.2 and 5.7 billion light +years away respectively, two of the largest objects in the [visible +universe](visible_universe "wikilink"). Phoenix is the +[radiant](radiant_(meteor_shower) "wikilink") of two annual [meteor +showers](meteor_shower "wikilink"): the +[Phoenicids](Phoenicids "wikilink") in December, and the July Phoenicids. ```