A KIF encoding of John Sowa’s upper ontology. Adapted from http://suo.ieee.org/SUO/ontologies/Sowa.txt
(documentation disjoint “Classes X and Y are disjoint iff they share no instances.”)
(forall (?class1 ?class2) (<=> (disjoint ?class1 ?class2) (and (Class ?class1) (Class ?class2) (not (exists (?x) (and (instance-of ?x ?class1) (instance-of ?x ?class2)))))))
(subclass-of Independent Entity) (subclass-of Relative Entity) (subclass-of Mediating Entity) (subclass-of Physical Entity) (subclass-of Abstract Entity) (subclass-of Continuant Entity) (subclass-of Occurrent Entity)
(subclass-of Actuality Independent) (subclass-of Actuality Physical) (subclass-of Form Independent) (subclass-of Form Abstract) (subclass-of Prehension Physical) (subclass-of Prehension Relative) (subclass-of Proposition Relative) (subclass-of Proposition Abstract) (subclass-of Nexus Physical) (subclass-of Nexus Mediating) (subclass-of Intention Abstract) (subclass-of Intention Mediating)
(subclass-of Object Actuality) (subclass-of Object Continuant) (subclass-of Process Actuality) (subclass-of Process Occurrent) (subclass-of Schema Form) (subclass-of Schema Continuant) (subclass-of Script Form) (subclass-of Script Occurrent) (subclass-of Juncture Prehension) (subclass-of Juncture Continuant) (subclass-of Participation Prehension) (subclass-of Participation Occurrent) (subclass-of Description Proposition) (subclass-of Description Continuant) (subclass-of History Proposition) (subclass-of History Occurrent) (subclass-of Structure Nexus) (subclass-of Structure Continuant) (subclass-of Situation Nexus) (subclass-of Situation Occurrent) (subclass-of Reason Intention) (subclass-of Reason Continuant) (subclass-of Purpose Intention) (subclass-of Purpose Occurrent)
(documentation Entity “The universal class of individuals, which has no differentiae.”) (documentation Absurdity “The absurd class, which inherits all differentiae.”) (documentation Abstract “Pure information as distinguished from any particular encoding of the information.”) (documentation Physical “An entity that has a location in space-time.”) (documentation Actuality “A physical entity (P) whose existence is independent (I) of any other entity.”) (documentation Continuant “A continuant is an entity whose identity continues to be recognizable over time.”) (documentation Description “A proposition (RA) about a continuant (C). A description is a proposition…”) (documentation Form “Abstract Information (A) independent (I) of any encoding or embodiment…”) (documentation History “A proposition (RA) about an occurrent (O). A history is a proposition (RA)…”) (documentation Independent “An entity characterized by some inherent Firstness, independent of any…”) (documentation Intention “Abstraction (A) considered as mediating (M) other entities. Examples of…”) (documentation Juncture “A prehension (RP) considered as a continuant (C) during some time interval…”) (documentation Mediating “An entity characterized by some Thirdness that brings other entities into a…”) (documentation Nexus “A physical entity (P) mediating (M) two or more other entities. Each nexus is a…”) (documentation Object “Actuality (IP) considered as a continuant (C), which retains its identity over…”) (documentation Occurrent “An entity that does not have a stable identity during any interval of time.”…) (documentation Participation “A prehension (RP) considered as an occurrent (O) during the interval of…”) (documentation Process “Actuality (IP) considered as an occurrent (O) during the interval of interest.”) (documentation Prehension “A physcial entity (P) relative (R) to some entity or entities. The has-test…”) (documentation Proposition “An abstraction (A) that relates (R) some entity or entities. In logic, the…”) (documentation Purpose “Intention (MA) that has the form of an occurrent (O). As an example…”) (documentation Reason “Intention (MA) that has the form of an continuant (C). Unlike a simple description…”) (documentation Relative “An entity is in a relationship to some other entity....”) (documentation Schema “A form (IA) that has the structure of a continuant (C). A schema is an abstract…”) (documentation Script “A form (IA) that has the structure of an occurrent (O). A script is an abstract…”) (documentation Situation “A nexus (MP) considered as an occurrent (O). A situation mediates the…”) (documentation Structure “A nexus (MP) considered as a continuant (C). A structure mediates the…”)