adodb.inc.php

<?php
/*
 * Set tabs to 4 for best viewing.
 *
 * Latest version is available at http://adodb.org/
 *
 * This is the main include file for ADOdb.
 * Database specific drivers are stored in the adodb/drivers/adodb-*.inc.php
 *
 * The ADOdb files are formatted so that doxygen can be used to generate documentation.
 * Doxygen is a documentation generation tool and can be downloaded from http://doxygen.org/
 */

/**
	\mainpage

	@version   v5.21.0-dev  ??-???-2016
	@copyright (c) 2000-2013 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com). All rights reserved.
	@copyright (c) 2014      Damien Regad, Mark Newnham and the ADOdb community

	Released under both BSD license and Lesser GPL library license. You can choose which license
	you prefer.

	PHP's database access functions are not standardised. This creates a need for a database
	class library to hide the differences between the different database API's (encapsulate
	the differences) so we can easily switch databases.

	We currently support MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Sybase SQL Anywhere, DB2,
	Informix, PostgreSQL, FrontBase, Interbase (Firebird and Borland variants), Foxpro, Access,
	ADO, SAP DB, SQLite and ODBC. We have had successful reports of connecting to Progress and
	other databases via ODBC.
 */

if (!defined('_ADODB_LAYER')) {
	define('_ADODB_LAYER',1);

	// The ADOdb extension is no longer maintained and effectively unsupported
	// since v5.04. The library will not function properly if it is present.
	if(defined('ADODB_EXTENSION')) {
		$msg = "Unsupported ADOdb Extension (v" . ADODB_EXTENSION . ") detected! "
			. "Disable it to use ADOdb";

		$errorfn = defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER') ? ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER : false;
		if ($errorfn) {
			$conn = false;
			$errorfn('ADOdb', basename(__FILE__), -9999, $msg, null, null, $conn);
		} else {
			die($msg . PHP_EOL);
		}
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// CONSTANT DEFINITIONS
	//==============================================================================================


	/**
	 * Set ADODB_DIR to the directory where this file resides...
	 * This constant was formerly called $ADODB_RootPath
	 */
	if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) {
		define('ADODB_DIR',dirname(__FILE__));
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// GLOBAL VARIABLES
	//==============================================================================================

	GLOBAL
		$ADODB_vers,		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH, // If $ADODB_COUNTRECS and this is true, $rs->fields is available on EOF
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,	// DEFAULT, NUM, ASSOC or BOTH. Default follows native driver default...
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES; // Allows you to force quotes (backticks) around field names in queries generated by getinsertsql and getupdatesql.

	//==============================================================================================
	// GLOBAL SETUP
	//==============================================================================================

	/*********************************************************
	* Controls $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE mode. Default is ADODB_FORCE_VALUE (3).
	* Used in GetUpdateSql and GetInsertSql functions. Thx to Niko, nuko#mbnet.fi
	* @link http://adodb.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=v5:reference:adodb_force_type
	*
	* 0 = ignore empty fields. All empty fields in array are ignored.
	* 1 = force null. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are
	*     changed to sql NULL values.
	* 2 = force empty. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are
	*     changed to sql empty '' or 0 values.
	* 3 = force value. Value is left as it is. Php null and string 'null'
	*     are set to sql NULL values and empty fields '' are set to empty '' sql values.
	* 4 = force value. Like 1 but numeric empty fields are set to zero.
    */
		define('ADODB_FORCE_IGNORE',0);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL',1);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_EMPTY',2);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_VALUE',3);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL_AND_ZERO',4);
	// ********************************************************


	/**
	 * Constants for returned values from the charMax and textMax methods.
	 * If not specifically defined in the driver, methods return the NOTSET value.
	 */
	define ('ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET', -1);
	define ('ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOLIMIT',-2);

	/*
	* Defines the the default meta type returned
	* when ADOdb encounters a type that it is not
	* defined in the metaTypes.
	*/
	if (!defined('ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE'))
		define ('ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE','N');

	define('ADODB_BAD_RS','<p>Bad $rs in %s. Connection or SQL invalid. Try using $connection->debug=true;</p>');

	// allow [ ] @ ` " and . in table names
	define('ADODB_TABLE_REGEX','([]0-9a-z_\:\"\`\.\@\[-]*)');

	// prefetching used by oracle
	if (!defined('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS')) {
		define('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS',10);
	}


	/**
	 * Fetch mode
	 *
	 * Set global variable $ADODB_FETCH_MODE to one of these constants or use
	 * the SetFetchMode() method to control how recordset fields are returned
	 * when fetching data.
	 *
	 *   - NUM:     array()
	 *   - ASSOC:   array('id' => 456, 'name' => 'john')
	 *   - BOTH:    array(0 => 456, 'id' => 456, 1 => 'john', 'name' => 'john')
	 *   - DEFAULT: driver-dependent
	 */
	define('ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT', 0);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_NUM', 1);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC', 2);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_BOTH', 3);

	/**
	 * Associative array case constants
	 *
	 * By defining the ADODB_ASSOC_CASE constant to one of these values, it is
	 * possible to control the case of field names (associative array's keys)
	 * when operating in ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC fetch mode.
	 *   - LOWER:  $rs->fields['orderid']
	 *   - UPPER:  $rs->fields['ORDERID']
	 *   - NATIVE: $rs->fields['OrderID'] (or whatever the RDBMS will return)
	 *
	 * The default is to use native case-names.
	 *
	 * NOTE: This functionality is not implemented everywhere, it currently
	 * works only with: mssql, odbc, oci8 and ibase derived drivers
	 */
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_LOWER', 0);
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_UPPER', 1);
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_NATIVE', 2);


	if (!defined('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR')) {
		define('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR',100);
	}

	/**
	 * AutoExecute constants
	 * (moved from adodb-pear.inc.php since they are only used in here)
	 */
	define('DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT', 1);
	define('DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE', 2);



	function ADODB_Setup() {
	GLOBAL
		$ADODB_vers,		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE,
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES;

		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE_CLASS)) {
			$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS =  'ADODB_Cache_File' ;
		}
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT;
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE = ADODB_FORCE_VALUE;
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF = null;

		if (!isset($ADODB_CACHE_DIR)) {
			$ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/tmp'; //(isset($_ENV['TMP'])) ? $_ENV['TMP'] : '/tmp';
		} else {
			// do not accept url based paths, eg. http:/ or ftp:/
			if (strpos($ADODB_CACHE_DIR,'://') !== false) {
				die("Illegal path http:// or ftp://");
			}
		}

		/**
		 * ADODB version as a string.
		 */
		$ADODB_vers = 'v5.21.0-dev  ??-???-2016';

		/**
		 * Determines whether recordset->RecordCount() is used.
		 * Set to false for highest performance -- RecordCount() will always return -1 then
		 * for databases that provide "virtual" recordcounts...
		 */
		if (!isset($ADODB_COUNTRECS)) {
			$ADODB_COUNTRECS = true;
		}
	}


	//==============================================================================================
	// CHANGE NOTHING BELOW UNLESS YOU ARE DESIGNING ADODB
	//==============================================================================================

	ADODB_Setup();

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADOFieldObject
	//==============================================================================================
	/**
	 * Helper class for FetchFields -- holds info on a column
	 */
	class ADOFieldObject {
		var $name = '';
		var $max_length=0;
		var $type="";
/*
		// additional fields by dannym... (danny_milo@yahoo.com)
		var $not_null = false;
		// actually, this has already been built-in in the postgres, fbsql AND mysql module? ^-^
		// so we can as well make not_null standard (leaving it at "false" does not harm anyways)

		var $has_default = false; // this one I have done only in mysql and postgres for now ...
			// others to come (dannym)
		var $default_value; // default, if any, and supported. Check has_default first.
*/
	}


	function _adodb_safedate($s) {
		return str_replace(array("'", '\\'), '', $s);
	}

	// parse date string to prevent injection attack
	// date string will have one quote at beginning e.g. '3434343'
	function _adodb_safedateq($s) {
		$len = strlen($s);
		if ($s[0] !== "'") {
			$s2 = "'".$s[0];
		} else {
			$s2 = "'";
		}
		for($i=1; $i<$len; $i++) {
			$ch = $s[$i];
			if ($ch === '\\') {
				$s2 .= "'";
				break;
			} elseif ($ch === "'") {
				$s2 .= $ch;
				break;
			}

			$s2 .= $ch;
		}

		return strlen($s2) == 0 ? 'null' : $s2;
	}


	// for transaction handling

	function ADODB_TransMonitor($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2, &$thisConnection) {
		//print "Errorno ($fn errno=$errno m=$errmsg) ";
		$thisConnection->_transOK = false;
		if ($thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn) {
			$fn = $thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn;
			$fn($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2,$thisConnection);
		}
	}

	//------------------
	// class for caching
	class ADODB_Cache_File {

		var $createdir = true; // requires creation of temp dirs

		function __construct() {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-csvlib.inc.php');
			}
		}

		// write serialised recordset to cache item/file
		function writecache($filename, $contents,  $debug, $secs2cache) {
			return adodb_write_file($filename, $contents,$debug);
		}

		// load serialised recordset and unserialise it
		function &readcache($filename, &$err, $secs2cache, $rsClass) {
			$rs = csv2rs($filename,$err,$secs2cache,$rsClass);
			return $rs;
		}

		// flush all items in cache
		function flushall($debug=false) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;

			$rez = false;

			if (strlen($ADODB_CACHE_DIR) > 1) {
				$rez = $this->_dirFlush($ADODB_CACHE_DIR);
				if ($debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp( "flushall: $ADODB_CACHE_DIR<br><pre>\n". $rez."</pre>");
				}
			}
			return $rez;
		}

		// flush one file in cache
		function flushcache($f, $debug=false) {
			if (!@unlink($f)) {
				if ($debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp( "flushcache: failed for $f");
				}
			}
		}

		function getdirname($hash) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
			if (!isset($this->notSafeMode)) {
				$this->notSafeMode = !ini_get('safe_mode');
			}
			return ($this->notSafeMode) ? $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.'/'.substr($hash,0,2) : $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
		}

		// create temp directories
		function createdir($hash, $debug) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_PERMS;

			$dir = $this->getdirname($hash);
			if ($this->notSafeMode && !file_exists($dir)) {
				$oldu = umask(0);
				if (!@mkdir($dir, empty($ADODB_CACHE_PERMS) ? 0771 : $ADODB_CACHE_PERMS)) {
					if(!is_dir($dir) && $debug) {
						ADOConnection::outp("Cannot create $dir");
					}
				}
				umask($oldu);
			}

			return $dir;
		}

		/**
		* Private function to erase all of the files and subdirectories in a directory.
		*
		* Just specify the directory, and tell it if you want to delete the directory or just clear it out.
		* Note: $kill_top_level is used internally in the function to flush subdirectories.
		*/
		function _dirFlush($dir, $kill_top_level = false) {
			if(!$dh = @opendir($dir)) return;

			while (($obj = readdir($dh))) {
				if($obj=='.' || $obj=='..') continue;
				$f = $dir.'/'.$obj;

				if (strpos($obj,'.cache')) {
					@unlink($f);
				}
				if (is_dir($f)) {
					$this->_dirFlush($f, true);
				}
			}
			if ($kill_top_level === true) {
				@rmdir($dir);
			}
			return true;
		}
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADOConnection
	//==============================================================================================

	/**
	 * Connection object. For connecting to databases, and executing queries.
	 */
	abstract class ADOConnection {
	//
	// PUBLIC VARS
	//
	var $dataProvider = 'native';
	var $databaseType = '';		/// RDBMS currently in use, eg. odbc, mysql, mssql
	var $database = '';			/// Name of database to be used.
	var $host = '';				/// The hostname of the database server
	var $port = '';				/// The port of the database server
	var $user = '';				/// The username which is used to connect to the database server.
	var $password = '';			/// Password for the username. For security, we no longer store it.
	var $debug = false;			/// if set to true will output sql statements
	var $maxblobsize = 262144;	/// maximum size of blobs or large text fields (262144 = 256K)-- some db's die otherwise like foxpro
	var $concat_operator = '+'; /// default concat operator -- change to || for Oracle/Interbase
	var $substr = 'substr';		/// substring operator
	var $length = 'length';		/// string length ofperator
	var $random = 'rand()';		/// random function
	var $upperCase = 'upper';		/// uppercase function
	var $fmtDate = "'Y-m-d'";	/// used by DBDate() as the default date format used by the database
	var $fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d, h:i:s A'"; /// used by DBTimeStamp as the default timestamp fmt.
	var $true = '1';			/// string that represents TRUE for a database
	var $false = '0';			/// string that represents FALSE for a database
	var $replaceQuote = "\\'";	/// string to use to replace quotes
	var $nameQuote = '"';		/// string to use to quote identifiers and names
	var $charSet=false;			/// character set to use - only for interbase, postgres and oci8
	var $metaDatabasesSQL = '';
	var $metaTablesSQL = '';
	var $uniqueOrderBy = false; /// All order by columns have to be unique
	var $emptyDate = '&nbsp;';
	var $emptyTimeStamp = '&nbsp;';
	var $lastInsID = false;
	//--
	var $hasInsertID = false;		/// supports autoincrement ID?
	var $hasAffectedRows = false;	/// supports affected rows for update/delete?
	var $hasTop = false;			/// support mssql/access SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TABLE
	var $hasLimit = false;			/// support pgsql/mysql SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 10
	var $readOnly = false;			/// this is a readonly database - used by phpLens
	var $hasMoveFirst = false;		/// has ability to run MoveFirst(), scrolling backwards
	var $hasGenID = false;			/// can generate sequences using GenID();
	var $hasTransactions = true;	/// has transactions
	//--
	var $genID = 0;					/// sequence id used by GenID();
	var $raiseErrorFn = false;		/// error function to call
	var $isoDates = false;			/// accepts dates in ISO format
	var $cacheSecs = 3600;			/// cache for 1 hour

	// memcache
	var $memCache = false; /// should we use memCache instead of caching in files
	var $memCacheHost; /// memCache host
	var $memCachePort = 11211; /// memCache port
	var $memCacheCompress = false; /// Use 'true' to store the item compressed (uses zlib, not supported w/memcached library)

	var $sysDate = false; /// name of function that returns the current date
	var $sysTimeStamp = false; /// name of function that returns the current timestamp
	var $sysUTimeStamp = false; // name of function that returns the current timestamp accurate to the microsecond or nearest fraction
	var $arrayClass = 'ADORecordSet_array'; /// name of class used to generate array recordsets, which are pre-downloaded recordsets

	var $noNullStrings = false; /// oracle specific stuff - if true ensures that '' is converted to ' '
	var $numCacheHits = 0;
	var $numCacheMisses = 0;
	var $pageExecuteCountRows = true;
	var $uniqueSort = false; /// indicates that all fields in order by must be unique
	var $leftOuter = false; /// operator to use for left outer join in WHERE clause
	var $rightOuter = false; /// operator to use for right outer join in WHERE clause
	var $ansiOuter = false; /// whether ansi outer join syntax supported
	var $autoRollback = false; // autoRollback on PConnect().
	var $poorAffectedRows = false; // affectedRows not working or unreliable
	/** @var bool|callable  */
	var $fnExecute = false;
	/** @var bool|callable  */
	var $fnCacheExecute = false;
	var $blobEncodeType = false; // false=not required, 'I'=encode to integer, 'C'=encode to char
	var $rsPrefix = "ADORecordSet_";

	var $autoCommit = true;		/// do not modify this yourself - actually private
	var $transOff = 0;			/// temporarily disable transactions
	var $transCnt = 0;			/// count of nested transactions

	var $fetchMode=false;

	var $null2null = 'null'; // in autoexecute/getinsertsql/getupdatesql, this value will be converted to a null
	var $bulkBind = false; // enable 2D Execute array
	//
	// PRIVATE VARS
	//
	var $_oldRaiseFn =  false;
	var $_transOK = null;
	var $_connectionID	= false;	/// The returned link identifier whenever a successful database connection is made.
	var $_errorMsg = false;		/// A variable which was used to keep the returned last error message.  The value will
								/// then returned by the errorMsg() function
	var $_errorCode = false;	/// Last error code, not guaranteed to be used - only by oci8
	var $_queryID = false;		/// This variable keeps the last created result link identifier

	var $_isPersistentConnection = false;	/// A boolean variable to state whether its a persistent connection or normal connection.	*/
	var $_bindInputArray = false; /// set to true if ADOConnection.Execute() permits binding of array parameters.
	var $_evalAll = false;
	var $_affected = false;
	var $_logsql = false;
	var $_transmode = ''; // transaction mode


	/**
	 * Default Constructor.
	 * We define it even though it does not actually do anything. This avoids
	 * getting a PHP Fatal error:  Cannot call constructor if a subclass tries
	 * to call its parent constructor.
	 */
	public function __construct()
	{
	}

	/*
	 * Additional parameters that may be passed to drivers in the connect string
	 * Driver must be coded to accept the parameters
	 */
	protected $connectionParameters = array();

	/**
	* Adds a parameter to the connection string.
	*
	* These parameters are added to the connection string when connecting,
	* if the driver is coded to use it.
	*
	* @param	string	$parameter	The name of the parameter to set
	* @param	string	$value		The value of the parameter
	*
	* @return null
	*
	* @example, for mssqlnative driver ('CharacterSet','UTF-8')
	*/
	final public function setConnectionParameter($parameter,$value) {

		$this->connectionParameters[] = array($parameter=>$value);

	}

	/**
	 * ADOdb version.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	static function Version() {
		global $ADODB_vers;

		// Semantic Version number matching regex
		$regex = '^[vV]?(\d+\.\d+\.\d+'         // Version number (X.Y.Z) with optional 'V'
			. '(?:-(?:'                         // Optional preprod version: a '-'
			. 'dev|'                            // followed by 'dev'
			. '(?:(?:alpha|beta|rc)(?:\.\d+))'  // or a preprod suffix and version number
			. '))?)(?:\s|$)';                   // Whitespace or end of string

		if (!preg_match("/$regex/", $ADODB_vers, $matches)) {
			// This should normally not happen... Return whatever is between the start
			// of the string and the first whitespace (or the end of the string).
			self::outp("Invalid version number: '$ADODB_vers'", 'Version');
			$regex = '^[vV]?(.*?)(?:\s|$)';
			preg_match("/$regex/", $ADODB_vers, $matches);
		}
		return $matches[1];
	}

	/**
	 * Get server version info.
	 *
	 * @return string[] An array with 2 elements: $arr['string'] is the description string,
	 *				 	and $arr[version] is the version (also a string).
	 */
	function ServerInfo() {
		return array('description' => '', 'version' => '');
	}

	/**
	 * Return true if connected to the database.
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function IsConnected() {
		return !empty($this->_connectionID);
	}

	function _findvers($str) {
		if (preg_match('/([0-9]+\.([0-9\.])+)/',$str, $arr)) {
			return $arr[1];
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * All error messages go through this bottleneck function.
	 *
	 * You can define your own handler by defining the function name in ADODB_OUTP.
	 *
	 * @param string $msg     Message to print
	 * @param bool   $newline True to add a newline after printing $msg
	 */
	static function outp($msg,$newline=true) {
		global $ADODB_FLUSH,$ADODB_OUTP;

		if (defined('ADODB_OUTP')) {
			$fn = ADODB_OUTP;
			$fn($msg,$newline);
			return;
		} else if (isset($ADODB_OUTP)) {
			call_user_func($ADODB_OUTP,$msg,$newline);
			return;
		}

		if ($newline) {
			$msg .= "<br>\n";
		}

		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) || !$newline) {
			echo $msg;
		} else {
			echo strip_tags($msg);
		}


		if (!empty($ADODB_FLUSH) && ob_get_length() !== false) {
			flush(); //  do not flush if output buffering enabled - useless - thx to Jesse Mullan
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Return the database server's current date and time.
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	function Time() {
		$rs = $this->_Execute("select $this->sysTimeStamp");
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			return $this->UnixTimeStamp(reset($rs->fields));
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Parses the hostname to extract the port.
	 * Overwrites $this->host and $this->port, only if a port is specified.
	 * The Hostname can be fully or partially qualified,
	 * ie: "db.mydomain.com:5432" or "ldaps://ldap.mydomain.com:636"
	 * Any specified scheme such as ldap:// or ldaps:// is maintained.
	 */
	protected function parseHostNameAndPort() {
		$parsed_url = parse_url($this->host);
		if (is_array($parsed_url) && isset($parsed_url['host']) && isset($parsed_url['port'])) {
			if ( isset($parsed_url['scheme']) ) {
				// If scheme is specified (ie: ldap:// or ldaps://, make sure we retain that.
				$this->host = $parsed_url['scheme'] . "://" . $parsed_url['host'];
			} else {
				$this->host = $parsed_url['host'];
			}
			$this->port = $parsed_url['port'];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Connect to database
	 *
	 * @param [argHostname]		Host to connect to
	 * @param [argUsername]		Userid to login
	 * @param [argPassword]		Associated password
	 * @param [argDatabaseName]	database
	 * @param [forceNew]		force new connection
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */
	function Connect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "", $forceNew = false) {
		if ($argHostname != "") {
			$this->host = $argHostname;
		}
		// Overwrites $this->host and $this->port if a port is specified.
		$this->parseHostNameAndPort();

		if ($argUsername != "") {
			$this->user = $argUsername;
		}
		if ($argPassword != "") {
			$this->password = 'not stored'; // not stored for security reasons
		}
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") {
			$this->database = $argDatabaseName;
		}

		$this->_isPersistentConnection = false;

		if ($forceNew) {
			if ($rez=$this->_nconnect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
				return true;
			}
		} else {
			if ($rez=$this->_connect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			$errno = $this->ErrorNo();
			if (empty($err)) {
				$err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			}
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$errno = 0;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
			$fn($this->databaseType, 'CONNECT', $errno, $err, $this->host, $this->database, $this);
		}

		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		}
		return false;
	}

	function _nconnect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName) {
		return $this->_connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName);
	}

	/**
	 * Always force a new connection to database.
	 *
	 * Currently this only works with Oracle.
	 *
	 * @param string $argHostname     Host to connect to
	 * @param string $argUsername     Userid to login
	 * @param string $argPassword     Associated password
	 * @param string $argDatabaseName Database name
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function NConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "") {
		return $this->Connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName, true);
	}

	/**
	 * Establish persistent connect to database
	 *
	 * @param [argHostname]		Host to connect to
	 * @param [argUsername]		Userid to login
	 * @param [argPassword]		Associated password
	 * @param [argDatabaseName]	database
	 *
	 * @return return true or false
	 */
	function PConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "") {

		if (defined('ADODB_NEVER_PERSIST')) {
			return $this->Connect($argHostname,$argUsername,$argPassword,$argDatabaseName);
		}

		if ($argHostname != "") {
			$this->host = $argHostname;
		}
		// Overwrites $this->host and $this->port if a port is specified.
		$this->parseHostNameAndPort();

		if ($argUsername != "") {
			$this->user = $argUsername;
		}
		if ($argPassword != "") {
			$this->password = 'not stored';
		}
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") {
			$this->database = $argDatabaseName;
		}

		$this->_isPersistentConnection = true;

		if ($rez = $this->_pconnect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
			return true;
		}
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			if (empty($err)) {
				$err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			}
			$ret = false;
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$ret = 0;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
			$fn($this->databaseType,'PCONNECT',$this->ErrorNo(),$err,$this->host,$this->database,$this);
		}

		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	function outp_throw($msg,$src='WARN',$sql='') {
		if (defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER') &&  ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER == 'adodb_throw') {
			adodb_throw($this->databaseType,$src,-9999,$msg,$sql,false,$this);
			return;
		}
		ADOConnection::outp($msg);
	}

	/**
	 * Create cache class.
	 *
	 * Code is backwards-compatible with old memcache implementation.
	 */
	function _CreateCache() {
		global $ADODB_CACHE, $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS;

		if ($this->memCache) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE;

			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-memcache.lib.inc.php');
			}
			$ADODB_CACHE = new ADODB_Cache_MemCache($this);
		} else {
			$ADODB_CACHE = new $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS($this);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Format date column in sql string.
	 *
	 * See https://adodb.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=v5:reference:connection:sqldate
	 * for documentation on supported formats.
	 *
	 * @param string $fmt Format string
	 * @param string $col Date column; use system date if not specified.
	 */
	function SQLDate($fmt, $col = '') {
		if (!$col) {
			$col = $this->sysDate;
		}
		return $col; // child class implement
	}

	/**
	 * Should prepare the sql statement and return the stmt resource.
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql. To ensure
	 * compatibility with databases that do not support prepare:
	 *
	 *   $stmt = $db->Prepare("insert into table (id, name) values (?,?)");
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(1,'Jill')) or die('insert failed');
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(2,'Joe')) or die('insert failed');
	 *
	 * @param sql	SQL to send to database
	 *
	 * @return return FALSE, or the prepared statement, or the original sql if
	 *         if the database does not support prepare.
	 *
	 */
	function Prepare($sql) {
		return $sql;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare a Stored Procedure and return the statement resource.
	 *
	 * Some databases, eg. mssql require a different function for preparing
	 * stored procedures. So we cannot use Prepare().
	 *
	 * Should prepare the stored procedure  and return the stmt resource.
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql. To ensure
	 * compatibility with databases that do not support prepare:
	 *
	 * @param string $sql   SQL to send to database
	 * @param bool   $param
	 *
	 * @return mixed|false The prepared statement, or the original sql if the
	 *                     database does not support prepare.
	 */
	function PrepareSP($sql,$param=true) {
		return $this->Prepare($sql,$param);
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat
	*/
	function Quote($s) {
		return $this->qstr($s,false);
	}

	/**
	 * Requested by "Karsten Dambekalns" <k.dambekalns@fishfarm.de>
	 */
	function QMagic($s) {
		return $this->qstr($s,get_magic_quotes_gpc());
	}

	function q(&$s) {
		//if (!empty($this->qNull && $s == 'null') {
		//	return $s;
		//}
		$s = $this->qstr($s,false);
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	*/
	function ErrorNative() {
		return $this->ErrorNo();
	}


	/**
	 * PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	 */
	function nextId($seq_name) {
		return $this->GenID($seq_name);
	}

	/**
	 * Lock a row, will escalate and lock the table if row locking not supported
	 * will normally free the lock at the end of the transaction
	 *
	 * @param $table	name of table to lock
	 * @param $where	where clause to use, eg: "WHERE row=12". If left empty, will escalate to table lock
	 */
	function RowLock($table,$where,$col='1 as adodbignore') {
		return false;
	}

	function CommitLock($table) {
		return $this->CommitTrans();
	}

	function RollbackLock($table) {
		return $this->RollbackTrans();
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	*
	* The fetch modes for NUMERIC and ASSOC for PEAR DB and ADODB are identical
	* for easy porting :-)
	*
	* @param int $mode The fetchmode ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC or ADODB_FETCH_NUM
	*
	* @return int Previous fetch mode
	*/
	function SetFetchMode($mode) {
		$old = $this->fetchMode;
		$this->fetchMode = $mode;

		if ($old === false) {
			global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			return $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		}
		return $old;
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	*/
	function Query($sql, $inputarr=false) {
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
			return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	*/
	function LimitQuery($sql, $offset, $count, $params=false) {
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit($sql, $count, $offset, $params);
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
			return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	*/
	function Disconnect() {
		return $this->Close();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a placeholder for query parameters
	 * e.g. $DB->Param('a') will return
	 * - '?' for most databases
	 * - ':a' for Oracle
	 * - '$1', '$2', etc. for PostgreSQL
	 * @param string $name parameter's name, false to force a reset of the
	 *                     number to 1 (for databases that require positioned
	 *                     params such as PostgreSQL; note that ADOdb will
	 *                     automatically reset this when executing a query )
	 * @param string $type (unused)
	 * @return string query parameter placeholder
	 */
	function Param($name,$type='C') {
		return '?';
	}

	/*
		InParameter and OutParameter are self-documenting versions of Parameter().
	*/
	function InParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,false,$maxLen,$type);
	}

	/*
	*/
	function OutParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,true,$maxLen,$type);

	}


	/*
	Usage in oracle
		$stmt = $db->Prepare('select * from table where id =:myid and group=:group');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
		$db->Execute();

		@param $stmt Statement returned by Prepare() or PrepareSP().
		@param $var PHP variable to bind to
		@param $name Name of stored procedure variable name to bind to.
		@param [$isOutput] Indicates direction of parameter 0/false=IN  1=OUT  2= IN/OUT. This is ignored in oci8.
		@param [$maxLen] Holds an maximum length of the variable.
		@param [$type] The data type of $var. Legal values depend on driver.

	*/
	function Parameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$isOutput=false,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return false;
	}


	function IgnoreErrors($saveErrs=false) {
		if (!$saveErrs) {
			$saveErrs = array($this->raiseErrorFn,$this->_transOK);
			$this->raiseErrorFn = false;
			return $saveErrs;
		} else {
			$this->raiseErrorFn = $saveErrs[0];
			$this->_transOK = $saveErrs[1];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Improved method of initiating a transaction. Used together with CompleteTrans().
	 * Advantages include:
     *
	 * a. StartTrans/CompleteTrans is nestable, unlike BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans.
	 *    Only the outermost block is treated as a transaction.<br>
	 * b. CompleteTrans auto-detects SQL errors, and will rollback on errors, commit otherwise.<br>
	 * c. All BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans inside a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block
	 *    are disabled, making it backward compatible.
	 */
	function StartTrans($errfn = 'ADODB_TransMonitor') {
		if ($this->transOff > 0) {
			$this->transOff += 1;
			return true;
		}

		$this->_oldRaiseFn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $errfn;
		$this->_transOK = true;

		if ($this->debug && $this->transCnt > 0) {
			ADOConnection::outp("Bad Transaction: StartTrans called within BeginTrans");
		}
		$ok = $this->BeginTrans();
		$this->transOff = 1;
		return $ok;
	}


	/**
		Used together with StartTrans() to end a transaction. Monitors connection
		for sql errors, and will commit or rollback as appropriate.

		@autoComplete if true, monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate,
		and if set to false force rollback even if no SQL error detected.
		@returns true on commit, false on rollback.
	*/
	function CompleteTrans($autoComplete = true) {
		if ($this->transOff > 1) {
			$this->transOff -= 1;
			return true;
		}
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $this->_oldRaiseFn;

		$this->transOff = 0;
		if ($this->_transOK && $autoComplete) {
			if (!$this->CommitTrans()) {
				$this->_transOK = false;
				if ($this->debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit failed");
				}
			} else {
				if ($this->debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit occurred");
				}
			}
		} else {
			$this->_transOK = false;
			$this->RollbackTrans();
			if ($this->debug) {
				ADOCOnnection::outp("Smart Rollback occurred");
			}
		}

		return $this->_transOK;
	}

	/*
		At the end of a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block, perform a rollback.
	*/
	function FailTrans() {
		if ($this->debug)
			if ($this->transOff == 0) {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans outside StartTrans/CompleteTrans");
			} else {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans was called");
				adodb_backtrace();
			}
		$this->_transOK = false;
	}

	/**
		Check if transaction has failed, only for Smart Transactions.
	*/
	function HasFailedTrans() {
		if ($this->transOff > 0) {
			return $this->_transOK == false;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Execute SQL
	 *
	 * @param string     $sql      SQL statement to execute, or possibly an array
	 *                             holding prepared statement ($sql[0] will hold sql text)
	 * @param array|bool $inputarr holds the input data to bind to.
	 *                             Null elements will be set to null.
	 *
	 * @return ADORecordSet|bool
	 */
	public function Execute($sql, $inputarr = false) {
		if ($this->fnExecute) {
			$fn = $this->fnExecute;
			$ret = $fn($this,$sql,$inputarr);
			if (isset($ret)) {
				return $ret;
			}
		}
		if ($inputarr !== false) {
			if (!is_array($inputarr)) {
				$inputarr = array($inputarr);
			}

			$element0 = reset($inputarr);
			# is_object check because oci8 descriptors can be passed in
			$array_2d = $this->bulkBind && is_array($element0) && !is_object(reset($element0));

			//remove extra memory copy of input -mikefedyk
			unset($element0);

			if (!is_array($sql) && !$this->_bindInputArray) {
				// @TODO this would consider a '?' within a string as a parameter...
				$sqlarr = explode('?',$sql);
				$nparams = sizeof($sqlarr)-1;

				if (!$array_2d) {
					// When not Bind Bulk - convert to array of arguments list
					$inputarr = array($inputarr);
				} else {
					// Bulk bind - Make sure all list of params have the same number of elements
					$countElements = array_map('count', $inputarr);
					if (1 != count(array_unique($countElements))) {
						$this->outp_throw(
							"[bulk execute] Input array has different number of params  [" . print_r($countElements, true) .  "].",
							'Execute'
						);
						return false;
					}
					unset($countElements);
				}
				// Make sure the number of parameters provided in the input
				// array matches what the query expects
				$element0 = reset($inputarr);
				if ($nparams != count($element0)) {
					$this->outp_throw(
						"Input array has " . count($element0) .
						" params, does not match query: '" . htmlspecialchars($sql) . "'",
						'Execute'
					);
					return false;
				}

				// clean memory
				unset($element0);

				foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
					$sql = ''; $i = 0;
					foreach ($arr as $v) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						// from Ron Baldwin <ron.baldwin#sourceprose.com>
						// Only quote string types
						$typ = gettype($v);
						if ($typ == 'string') {
							//New memory copy of input created here -mikefedyk
							$sql .= $this->qstr($v);
						} else if ($typ == 'double') {
							$sql .= str_replace(',','.',$v); // locales fix so 1.1 does not get converted to 1,1
						} else if ($typ == 'boolean') {
							$sql .= $v ? $this->true : $this->false;
						} else if ($typ == 'object') {
							if (method_exists($v, '__toString')) {
								$sql .= $this->qstr($v->__toString());
							} else {
								$sql .= $this->qstr((string) $v);
							}
						} else if ($v === null) {
							$sql .= 'NULL';
						} else {
							$sql .= $v;
						}
						$i += 1;

						if ($i == $nparams) {
							break;
						}
					} // while
					if (isset($sqlarr[$i])) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						if ($i+1 != sizeof($sqlarr)) {
							$this->outp_throw( "Input Array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
						}
					} else if ($i != sizeof($sqlarr)) {
						$this->outp_throw( "Input array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
					}

					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql);
					if (!$ret) {
						return $ret;
					}
				}
			} else {
				if ($array_2d) {
					if (is_string($sql)) {
						$stmt = $this->Prepare($sql);
					} else {
						$stmt = $sql;
					}

					foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
						$ret = $this->_Execute($stmt,$arr);
						if (!$ret) {
							return $ret;
						}
					}
				} else {
					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,$inputarr);
				}
			}
		} else {
			$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,false);
		}

		return $ret;
	}

	function _Execute($sql,$inputarr=false) {
		// ExecuteCursor() may send non-string queries (such as arrays),
		// so we need to ignore those.
		if( is_string($sql) ) {
			// Strips keyword used to help generate SELECT COUNT(*) queries
			// from SQL if it exists.
			$sql = str_replace( '_ADODB_COUNT', '', $sql );
		}

		if ($this->debug) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
			}
			$this->_queryID = _adodb_debug_execute($this, $sql,$inputarr);
		} else {
			$this->_queryID = @$this->_query($sql,$inputarr);
		}

		// ************************
		// OK, query executed
		// ************************

		// error handling if query fails
		if ($this->_queryID === false) {
			if ($this->debug == 99) {
				adodb_backtrace(true,5);
			}
			$fn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
			if ($fn) {
				$fn($this->databaseType,'EXECUTE',$this->ErrorNo(),$this->ErrorMsg(),$sql,$inputarr,$this);
			}
			return false;
		}

		// return simplified recordset for inserts/updates/deletes with lower overhead
		if ($this->_queryID === true) {
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix.'empty';
			$rs = (class_exists($rsclass)) ? new $rsclass():  new ADORecordSet_empty();

			return $rs;
		}

		if ($this->dataProvider == 'pdo' && $this->databaseType != 'pdo') {
			// PDO uses a slightly different naming convention for the
			// recordset class if the database type is changed, so we must
			// treat it specifically. The mysql driver leaves the
			// databaseType as pdo
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix . 'pdo_' . $this->databaseType;
		} else {
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix . $this->databaseType;
		}

		// return real recordset from select statement
		$rs = new $rsclass($this->_queryID,$this->fetchMode);
		$rs->connection = $this; // Pablo suggestion
		$rs->Init();
		if (is_array($sql)) {
			$rs->sql = $sql[0];
		} else {
			$rs->sql = $sql;
		}
		if ($rs->_numOfRows <= 0) {
			global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
			if ($ADODB_COUNTRECS) {
				if (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,-1,-1,!is_array($sql));
					$rs->_queryID = $this->_queryID;
				} else
					$rs->_numOfRows = 0;
			}
		}
		return $rs;
	}

	function CreateSequence($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1) {
		if (empty($this->_genSeqSQL)) {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
	}

	function DropSequence($seqname='adodbseq') {
		if (empty($this->_dropSeqSQL)) {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_dropSeqSQL,$seqname));
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a sequence id and stores it in $this->genID;
	 * GenID is only available if $this->hasGenID = true;
	 *
	 * @param seqname		name of sequence to use
	 * @param startID		if sequence does not exist, start at this ID
	 * @return		0 if not supported, otherwise a sequence id
	 */
	function GenID($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1) {
		if (!$this->hasGenID) {
			return 0; // formerly returns false pre 1.60
		}

		$getnext = sprintf($this->_genIDSQL,$seqname);

		$holdtransOK = $this->_transOK;

		$save_handler = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = '';
		@($rs = $this->Execute($getnext));
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $save_handler;

		if (!$rs) {
			$this->_transOK = $holdtransOK; //if the status was ok before reset
			$createseq = $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
			$rs = $this->Execute($getnext);
		}
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			$this->genID = reset($rs->fields);
		} else {
			$this->genID = 0; // false
		}

		if ($rs) {
			$rs->Close();
		}

		return $this->genID;
	}

	/**
	 * @param $table string name of the table, not needed by all databases (eg. mysql), default ''
	 * @param $column string name of the column, not needed by all databases (eg. mysql), default ''
	 * @return  the last inserted ID. Not all databases support this.
	 */
	function Insert_ID($table='',$column='') {
		if ($this->_logsql && $this->lastInsID) {
			return $this->lastInsID;
		}
		if ($this->hasInsertID) {
			return $this->_insertid($table,$column);
		}
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Insert_ID error</p>');
			adodb_backtrace();
		}
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * Portable Insert ID. Pablo Roca <pabloroca#mvps.org>
	 *
	 * @return  the last inserted ID. All databases support this. But aware possible
	 * problems in multiuser environments. Heavy test this before deploying.
	 */
	function PO_Insert_ID($table="", $id="") {
		if ($this->hasInsertID){
			return $this->Insert_ID($table,$id);
		} else {
			return $this->GetOne("SELECT MAX($id) FROM $table");
		}
	}

	/**
	* @return # rows affected by UPDATE/DELETE
	*/
	function Affected_Rows() {
		if ($this->hasAffectedRows) {
			if ($this->fnExecute === 'adodb_log_sql') {
				if ($this->_logsql && $this->_affected !== false) {
					return $this->_affected;
				}
			}
			$val = $this->_affectedrows();
			return ($val < 0) ? false : $val;
		}

		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Affected_Rows error</p>',false);
		}
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * @return  the last error message
	 */
	function ErrorMsg() {
		if ($this->_errorMsg) {
			return '!! '.strtoupper($this->dataProvider.' '.$this->databaseType).': '.$this->_errorMsg;
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}


	/**
	 * @return the last error number. Normally 0 means no error.
	 */
	function ErrorNo() {
		return ($this->_errorMsg) ? -1 : 0;
	}

	function MetaError($err=false) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		if ($err === false) {
			$err = $this->ErrorNo();
		}
		return adodb_error($this->dataProvider,$this->databaseType,$err);
	}

	function MetaErrorMsg($errno) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		return adodb_errormsg($errno);
	}

	/**
	 * @returns an array with the primary key columns in it.
	 */
	function MetaPrimaryKeys($table, $owner=false) {
	// owner not used in base class - see oci8
		$p = array();
		$objs = $this->MetaColumns($table);
		if ($objs) {
			foreach($objs as $v) {
				if (!empty($v->primary_key)) {
					$p[] = $v->name;
				}
			}
		}
		if (sizeof($p)) {
			return $p;
		}
		if (function_exists('ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS')) {
			return ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS($this->databaseType, $this->database, $table, $owner);
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @returns assoc array where keys are tables, and values are foreign keys
	 */
	function MetaForeignKeys($table, $owner=false, $upper=false) {
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * Choose a database to connect to. Many databases do not support this.
	 *
	 * @param string $dbName the name of the database to select
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function SelectDB($dbName) {return false;}


	/**
	 * Will select, getting rows from $offset (1-based), for $nrows.
	 * This simulates the MySQL "select * from table limit $offset,$nrows" , and
	 * the PostgreSQL "select * from table limit $nrows offset $offset". Note that
	 * MySQL and PostgreSQL parameter ordering is the opposite of the other.
	 * eg.
	 *  SelectLimit('select * from table',3); will return rows 1 to 3 (1-based)
	 *  SelectLimit('select * from table',3,2); will return rows 3 to 5 (1-based)
	 *
	 * Uses SELECT TOP for Microsoft databases (when $this->hasTop is set)
	 * BUG: Currently SelectLimit fails with $sql with LIMIT or TOP clause already set
	 *
	 * @param sql
	 * @param [offset]	is the row to start calculations from (1-based)
	 * @param [nrows]		is the number of rows to get
	 * @param [inputarr]	array of bind variables
	 * @param [secs2cache]		is a private parameter only used by jlim
	 * @return		the recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
	 */
	function SelectLimit($sql,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1, $inputarr=false,$secs2cache=0) {
		$nrows = (int)$nrows;
		$offset = (int)$offset;

		if ($this->hasTop && $nrows > 0) {
			// suggested by Reinhard Balling. Access requires top after distinct
			// Informix requires first before distinct - F Riosa
			$ismssql = (strpos($this->databaseType,'mssql') !== false);
			if ($ismssql) {
				$isaccess = false;
			} else {
				$isaccess = (strpos($this->databaseType,'access') !== false);
			}

			if ($offset <= 0) {
				// access includes ties in result
				if ($isaccess) {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);

					if ($secs2cache != 0) {
						$ret = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache, $sql,$inputarr);
					} else {
						$ret = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
					}
					return $ret; // PHP5 fix
				} else if ($ismssql){
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);
				} else {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);
				}
			} else {
				$nn = $nrows + $offset;
				if ($isaccess || $ismssql) {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',
						$sql
					);
				} else {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',
						$sql
					);
				}
			}
		}

		// if $offset>0, we want to skip rows, and $ADODB_COUNTRECS is set, we buffer  rows
		// 0 to offset-1 which will be discarded anyway. So we disable $ADODB_COUNTRECS.
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;

		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;


		if ($secs2cache != 0) {
			$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		} else {
			$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		}

		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,$nrows,$offset);
		}
		//print_r($rs);
		return $rs;
	}

	/**
	* Create serializable recordset. Breaks rs link to connection.
	*
	* @param rs			the recordset to serialize
	*/
	function SerializableRS(&$rs) {
		$rs2 = $this->_rs2rs($rs);
		$ignore = false;
		$rs2->connection = $ignore;

		return $rs2;
	}

	/**
	* Convert database recordset to an array recordset
	* input recordset's cursor should be at beginning, and
	* old $rs will be closed.
	*
	* @param rs			the recordset to copy
	* @param [nrows]	number of rows to retrieve (optional)
	* @param [offset]	offset by number of rows (optional)
	* @return			the new recordset
	*/
	function &_rs2rs(&$rs,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1,$close=true) {
		if (! $rs) {
			return false;
		}
		$dbtype = $rs->databaseType;
		if (!$dbtype) {
			$rs = $rs;  // required to prevent crashing in 4.2.1, but does not happen in 4.3.1 -- why ?
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($dbtype == 'array' || $dbtype == 'csv') && $nrows == -1 && $offset == -1) {
			$rs->MoveFirst();
			$rs = $rs; // required to prevent crashing in 4.2.1, but does not happen in 4.3.1-- why ?
			return $rs;
		}
		$flds = array();
		for ($i=0, $max=$rs->FieldCount(); $i < $max; $i++) {
			$flds[] = $rs->FetchField($i);
		}

		$arr = $rs->GetArrayLimit($nrows,$offset);
		//print_r($arr);
		if ($close) {
			$rs->Close();
		}

		$arrayClass = $this->arrayClass;

		$rs2 = new $arrayClass();
		$rs2->connection = $this;
		$rs2->sql = $rs->sql;
		$rs2->dataProvider = $this->dataProvider;
		$rs2->InitArrayFields($arr,$flds);
		$rs2->fetchMode = isset($rs->adodbFetchMode) ? $rs->adodbFetchMode : $rs->fetchMode;
		return $rs2;
	}

	/*
	* Return all rows. Compat with PEAR DB
	*/
	function GetAll($sql, $inputarr=false) {
		$arr = $this->GetArray($sql,$inputarr);
		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $sql
	 * @param false|array $inputarr
	 * @param bool $force_array
	 * @param bool $first2cols
	 * @return false|array
	 */
	public function GetAssoc($sql, $inputarr = false, $force_array = false, $first2cols = false) {
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);

		if (!$rs) {
			/*
			* Execution failure
			*/
			return false;
		}
		return $rs->GetAssoc($force_array, $first2cols);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $secs2cache
	 * @param false|string $sql
	 * @param false|array $inputarr
	 * @param bool $force_array
	 * @param bool $first2cols
	 * @return false|array
	 */
	public function CacheGetAssoc($secs2cache, $sql = false, $inputarr = false,$force_array = false, $first2cols = false) {
		if (!is_numeric($secs2cache)) {
			$first2cols = $force_array;
			$force_array = $inputarr;
		}
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache, $sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs) {
			return false;
		}
		return $rs->GetAssoc($force_array, $first2cols);
	}

	/**
	 * Return first element of first row of sql statement. Recordset is disposed
	 * for you.
	 *
	 * @param string		$sql		SQL statement
	 * @param array|bool	$inputarr	input bind array
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function GetOne($sql, $inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS,$ADODB_GETONE_EOF;

		$crecs = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;

		$ret = false;
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			if ($rs->EOF) {
				$ret = $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
			} else {
				$ret = reset($rs->fields);
			}

			$rs->Close();
		}
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $crecs;
		return $ret;
	}

	// $where should include 'WHERE fld=value'
	function GetMedian($table, $field,$where = '') {
		$total = $this->GetOne("select count(*) from $table $where");
		if (!$total) {
			return false;
		}

		$midrow = (integer) ($total/2);
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit("select $field from $table $where order by 1",1,$midrow);
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			return reset($rs->fields);
		}
		return false;
	}


	function CacheGetOne($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;

		$ret = false;
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			if ($rs->EOF) {
				$ret = $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
			} else {
				$ret = reset($rs->fields);
			}
			$rs->Close();
		}

		return $ret;
	}

	function GetCol($sql, $inputarr = false, $trim = false) {

		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			$rv = array();
			if ($trim) {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = trim(reset($rs->fields));
					$rs->MoveNext();
				}
			} else {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = reset($rs->fields);
					$rs->MoveNext();
				}
			}
			$rs->Close();
		} else {
			$rv = false;
		}
		return $rv;
	}

	function CacheGetCol($secs, $sql = false, $inputarr = false,$trim=false) {
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs, $sql, $inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			$rv = array();
			if ($trim) {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = trim(reset($rs->fields));
					$rs->MoveNext();
				}
			} else {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = reset($rs->fields);
					$rs->MoveNext();
				}
			}
			$rs->Close();
		} else
			$rv = false;

		return $rv;
	}

	function Transpose(&$rs,$addfieldnames=true) {
		$rs2 = $this->_rs2rs($rs);
		if (!$rs2) {
			return false;
		}

		$rs2->_transpose($addfieldnames);
		return $rs2;
	}

	/*
		Calculate the offset of a date for a particular database and generate
			appropriate SQL. Useful for calculating future/past dates and storing
			in a database.

		If dayFraction=1.5 means 1.5 days from now, 1.0/24 for 1 hour.
	*/
	function OffsetDate($dayFraction,$date=false) {
		if (!$date) {
			$date = $this->sysDate;
		}
		return  '('.$date.'+'.$dayFraction.')';
	}


	/**
	*
	* @param sql			SQL statement
	* @param [inputarr]		input bind array
	*/
	function GetArray($sql,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;

		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		if (!$rs)
			if (defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
				$cls = ADODB_PEAR_Error();
				return $cls;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		$arr = $rs->GetArray();
		$rs->Close();
		return $arr;
	}

	function CacheGetAll($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		$arr = $this->CacheGetArray($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		return $arr;
	}

	function CacheGetArray($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;

		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;

		if (!$rs)
			if (defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
				$cls = ADODB_PEAR_Error();
				return $cls;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		$arr = $rs->GetArray();
		$rs->Close();
		return $arr;
	}

	function GetRandRow($sql, $arr= false) {
		$rezarr = $this->GetAll($sql, $arr);
		$sz = sizeof($rezarr);
		return $rezarr[abs(rand()) % $sz];
	}

	/**
	* Return one row of sql statement. Recordset is disposed for you.
	* Note that SelectLimit should not be called.
	*
	* @param string     $sql      SQL statement
	* @param array|bool $inputarr input bind array
	 *
	* @return array|false Array containing the first row of the query
	*/
	function GetRow($sql,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;

		$crecs = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;

		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);

		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $crecs;
		if ($rs) {
			if (!$rs->EOF) {
				$arr = $rs->fields;
			} else {
				$arr = array();
			}
			$rs->Close();
			return $arr;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $secs2cache
	 * @param string|false $sql
	 * @param mixed[]|bool $inputarr
	 * @return mixed[]|bool
	 */
	function CacheGetRow($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			if (!$rs->EOF) {
				$arr = $rs->fields;
			} else {
				$arr = array();
			}

			$rs->Close();
			return $arr;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	* Insert or replace a single record. Note: this is not the same as MySQL's replace.
	* ADOdb's Replace() uses update-insert semantics, not insert-delete-duplicates of MySQL.
	* Also note that no table locking is done currently, so it is possible that the
	* record be inserted twice by two programs...
	*
	* $this->Replace('products', array('prodname' =>"'Nails'","price" => 3.99), 'prodname');
	*
	* $table		table name
	* $fieldArray	associative array of data (you must quote strings yourself).
	* $keyCol		the primary key field name or if compound key, array of field names
	* autoQuote		set to true to use a hueristic to quote strings. Works with nulls and numbers
	*					but does not work with dates nor SQL functions.
	* has_autoinc	the primary key is an auto-inc field, so skip in insert.
	*
	* Currently blob replace not supported
	*
	* returns 0 = fail, 1 = update, 2 = insert
	*/

	function Replace($table, $fieldArray, $keyCol, $autoQuote=false, $has_autoinc=false) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}

		return _adodb_replace($this, $table, $fieldArray, $keyCol, $autoQuote, $has_autoinc);
	}


	/**
	 * Will select, getting rows from $offset (1-based), for $nrows.
	 * This simulates the MySQL "select * from table limit $offset,$nrows" , and
	 * the PostgreSQL "select * from table limit $nrows offset $offset". Note that
	 * MySQL and PostgreSQL parameter ordering is the opposite of the other.
	 * eg.
	 *  CacheSelectLimit(15,'select * from table',3); will return rows 1 to 3 (1-based)
	 *  CacheSelectLimit(15,'select * from table',3,2); will return rows 3 to 5 (1-based)
	 *
	 * BUG: Currently CacheSelectLimit fails with $sql with LIMIT or TOP clause already set
	 *
	 * @param [secs2cache]	seconds to cache data, set to 0 to force query. This is optional
	 * @param sql
	 * @param [offset]	is the row to start calculations from (1-based)
	 * @param [nrows]	is the number of rows to get
	 * @param [inputarr]	array of bind variables
	 * @return		the recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
	 */
	function CacheSelectLimit($secs2cache,$sql,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false) {
		if (!is_numeric($secs2cache)) {
			if ($sql === false) {
				$sql = -1;
			}
			if ($offset == -1) {
				$offset = false;
			}
												// sql,	nrows, offset,inputarr
			$rs = $this->SelectLimit($secs2cache,$sql,$nrows,$offset,$this->cacheSecs);
		} else {
			if ($sql === false) {
				$this->outp_throw("Warning: \$sql missing from CacheSelectLimit()",'CacheSelectLimit');
			}
			$rs = $this->SelectLimit($sql,$nrows,$offset,$inputarr,$secs2cache);
		}
		return $rs;
	}

	/**
	 * Flush cached recordsets that match a particular $sql statement.
	 * If $sql == false, then we purge all files in the cache.
	 */
	function CacheFlush($sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR, $ADODB_CACHE;

		# Create cache if it does not exist
		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE)) {
			$this->_CreateCache();
		}

		if (!$sql) {
			$ADODB_CACHE->flushall($this->debug);
			return;
		}

		$f = $this->_gencachename($sql.serialize($inputarr),false);
		return $ADODB_CACHE->flushcache($f, $this->debug);
	}


	/**
	 * Private function to generate filename for caching.
	 * Filename is generated based on:
	 *
	 *  - sql statement
	 *  - database type (oci8, ibase, ifx, etc)
	 *  - database name
	 *  - userid
	 *  - setFetchMode (adodb 4.23)
	 *
	 * When not in safe mode, we create 256 sub-directories in the cache directory ($ADODB_CACHE_DIR).
	 * Assuming that we can have 50,000 files per directory with good performance,
	 * then we can scale to 12.8 million unique cached recordsets. Wow!
	 */
	function _gencachename($sql,$createdir) {
		global $ADODB_CACHE, $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;

		if ($this->fetchMode === false) {
			global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			$mode = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		} else {
			$mode = $this->fetchMode;
		}
		$m = md5($sql.$this->databaseType.$this->database.$this->user.$mode);
		if (!$ADODB_CACHE->createdir) {
			return $m;
		}
		if (!$createdir) {
			$dir = $ADODB_CACHE->getdirname($m);
		} else {
			$dir = $ADODB_CACHE->createdir($m, $this->debug);
		}

		return $dir.'/adodb_'.$m.'.cache';
	}


	/**
	 * Execute SQL, caching recordsets.
	 *
	 * @param int         $secs2cache Seconds to cache data, set to 0 to force query.
	 *                                This is an optional parameter.
	 * @param string|bool $sql        SQL statement to execute
	 * @param array|bool  $inputarr   Holds the input data to bind
	 *
	 * @return ADORecordSet RecordSet or false
	 */
	function CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false) {
		global $ADODB_CACHE;

		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE)) {
			$this->_CreateCache();
		}

		if (!is_numeric($secs2cache)) {
			$inputarr = $sql;
			$sql = $secs2cache;
			$secs2cache = $this->cacheSecs;
		}

		if (is_array($sql)) {
			$sqlparam = $sql;
			$sql = $sql[0];
		} else
			$sqlparam = $sql;


		$md5file = $this->_gencachename($sql.serialize($inputarr),true);
		$err = '';

		if ($secs2cache > 0){
			$rs = $ADODB_CACHE->readcache($md5file,$err,$secs2cache,$this->arrayClass);
			$this->numCacheHits += 1;
		} else {
			$err='Timeout 1';
			$rs = false;
			$this->numCacheMisses += 1;
		}

		if (!$rs) {
		// no cached rs found
			if ($this->debug) {
				if (get_magic_quotes_runtime() && !$this->memCache) {
					ADOConnection::outp("Please disable magic_quotes_runtime - it corrupts cache files :(");
				}
				if ($this->debug !== -1) {
					ADOConnection::outp( " $md5file cache failure: $err (this is a notice and not an error)");
				}
			}

			$rs = $this->Execute($sqlparam,$inputarr);

			if ($rs) {
				$eof = $rs->EOF;
				$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs); // read entire recordset into memory immediately
				$rs->timeCreated = time(); // used by caching
				$txt = _rs2serialize($rs,false,$sql); // serialize

				$ok = $ADODB_CACHE->writecache($md5file,$txt,$this->debug, $secs2cache);
				if (!$ok) {
					if ($ok === false) {
						$em = 'Cache write error';
						$en = -32000;

						if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
							$fn($this->databaseType,'CacheExecute', $en, $em, $md5file,$sql,$this);
						}
					} else {
						$em = 'Cache file locked warning';
						$en = -32001;
						// do not call error handling for just a warning
					}

					if ($this->debug) {
						ADOConnection::outp( " ".$em);
					}
				}
				if ($rs->EOF && !$eof) {
					$rs->MoveFirst();
					//$rs = csv2rs($md5file,$err);
					$rs->connection = $this; // Pablo suggestion
				}

			} else if (!$this->memCache) {
				$ADODB_CACHE->flushcache($md5file);
			}
		} else {
			$this->_errorMsg = '';
			$this->_errorCode = 0;

			if ($this->fnCacheExecute) {
				$fn = $this->fnCacheExecute;
				$fn($this, $secs2cache, $sql, $inputarr);
			}
			// ok, set cached object found
			$rs->connection = $this; // Pablo suggestion
			if ($this->debug){
				if ($this->debug == 99) {
					adodb_backtrace();
				}
				$inBrowser = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
				$ttl = $rs->timeCreated + $secs2cache - time();
				$s = is_array($sql) ? $sql[0] : $sql;
				if ($inBrowser) {
					$s = '<i>'.htmlspecialchars($s).'</i>';
				}

				ADOConnection::outp( " $md5file reloaded, ttl=$ttl [ $s ]");
			}
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/*
		Similar to PEAR DB's autoExecute(), except that
		$mode can be 'INSERT' or 'UPDATE' or DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT or DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE
		If $mode == 'UPDATE', then $where is compulsory as a safety measure.

		$forceUpdate means that even if the data has not changed, perform update.
	 */
	function AutoExecute($table, $fields_values, $mode = 'INSERT', $where = false, $forceUpdate = true, $magicq = false) {
		if (empty($fields_values)) {
			$this->outp_throw('AutoExecute: Empty fields array', 'AutoExecute');
			return false;
		}
		if ($where === false && ($mode == 'UPDATE' || $mode == 2 /* DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE */) ) {
			$this->outp_throw('AutoExecute: Illegal mode=UPDATE with empty WHERE clause', 'AutoExecute');
			return false;
		}

		$sql = "SELECT * FROM $table";
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit($sql, 1);
		if (!$rs) {
			return false; // table does not exist
		}

		$rs->tableName = $table;
		if ($where !== false) {
			$sql .= " WHERE $where";
		}
		$rs->sql = $sql;

		switch($mode) {
			case 'UPDATE':
			case DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE:
				$sql = $this->GetUpdateSQL($rs, $fields_values, $forceUpdate, $magicq);
				break;
			case 'INSERT':
			case DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT:
				$sql = $this->GetInsertSQL($rs, $fields_values, $magicq);
				break;
			default:
				$this->outp_throw("AutoExecute: Unknown mode=$mode", 'AutoExecute');
				return false;
		}
		return $sql && $this->Execute($sql);
	}


	/**
	 * Generates an Update Query based on an existing recordset.
	 * $arrFields is an associative array of fields with the value
	 * that should be assigned.
	 *
	 * Note: This function should only be used on a recordset
	 *	   that is run against a single table and sql should only
	 *		 be a simple select stmt with no groupby/orderby/limit
	 *
	 * "Jonathan Younger" <jyounger@unilab.com>
	 */
	function GetUpdateSQL(&$rs, $arrFields,$forceUpdate=false,$magicq=false,$force=null) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;

		// ********************************************************
		// This is here to maintain compatibility
		// with older adodb versions. Sets force type to force nulls if $forcenulls is set.
		if (!isset($force)) {
			global $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE;
			$force = $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE;
		}
		// ********************************************************

		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		return _adodb_getupdatesql($this,$rs,$arrFields,$forceUpdate,$magicq,$force);
	}

	/**
	 * Generates an Insert Query based on an existing recordset.
	 * $arrFields is an associative array of fields with the value
	 * that should be assigned.
	 *
	 * Note: This function should only be used on a recordset
	 *       that is run against a single table.
	 */
	function GetInsertSQL(&$rs, $arrFields,$magicq=false,$force=null) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (!isset($force)) {
			global $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE;
			$force = $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE;
		}
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		return _adodb_getinsertsql($this,$rs,$arrFields,$magicq,$force);
	}


	/**
	* Update a blob column, given a where clause. There are more sophisticated
	* blob handling functions that we could have implemented, but all require
	* a very complex API. Instead we have chosen something that is extremely
	* simple to understand and use.
	*
	* Note: $blobtype supports 'BLOB' and 'CLOB', default is BLOB of course.
	*
	* Usage to update a $blobvalue which has a primary key blob_id=1 into a
	* field blobtable.blobcolumn:
	*
	*	UpdateBlob('blobtable', 'blobcolumn', $blobvalue, 'blob_id=1');
	*
	* Insert example:
	*
	*	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	*	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blob,'id=1');
	*/
	function UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where,$blobtype='BLOB') {
		return $this->Execute("UPDATE $table SET $column=? WHERE $where",array($val)) != false;
	}

	/**
	* Usage:
	*	UpdateBlob('TABLE', 'COLUMN', '/path/to/file', 'ID=1');
	*
	*	$blobtype supports 'BLOB' and 'CLOB'
	*
	*	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	*	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobpath,'id=1');
	*/
	function UpdateBlobFile($table,$column,$path,$where,$blobtype='BLOB') {
		$fd = fopen($path,'rb');
		if ($fd === false) {
			return false;
		}
		$val = fread($fd,filesize($path));
		fclose($fd);
		return $this->UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where,$blobtype);
	}

	function BlobDecode($blob) {
		return $blob;
	}

	function BlobEncode($blob) {
		return $blob;
	}

	function GetCharSet() {
		return $this->charSet;
	}

	function SetCharSet($charset) {
		$this->charSet = $charset;
		return true;
	}

	function IfNull( $field, $ifNull ) {
		return " CASE WHEN $field is null THEN $ifNull ELSE $field END ";
	}

	function LogSQL($enable=true) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-perf.inc.php');

		if ($enable) {
			$this->fnExecute = 'adodb_log_sql';
		} else {
			$this->fnExecute = false;
		}

		$old = $this->_logsql;
		$this->_logsql = $enable;
		if ($enable && !$old) {
			$this->_affected = false;
		}
		return $old;
	}

	/**
	* Usage:
	*	UpdateClob('TABLE', 'COLUMN', $var, 'ID=1', 'CLOB');
	*
	*	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	*	$conn->UpdateClob('clobtable','clobcol',$clob,'id=1');
	*/
	function UpdateClob($table,$column,$val,$where) {
		return $this->UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where,'CLOB');
	}

	// not the fastest implementation - quick and dirty - jlim
	// for best performance, use the actual $rs->MetaType().
	function MetaType($t,$len=-1,$fieldobj=false) {

		if (empty($this->_metars)) {
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix.$this->databaseType;
			$this->_metars = new $rsclass(false,$this->fetchMode);
			$this->_metars->connection = $this;
		}
		return $this->_metars->MetaType($t,$len,$fieldobj);
	}


	/**
	*  Change the SQL connection locale to a specified locale.
	*  This is used to get the date formats written depending on the client locale.
	*/
	function SetDateLocale($locale = 'En') {
		$this->locale = $locale;
		switch (strtoupper($locale))
		{
			case 'EN':
				$this->fmtDate="'Y-m-d'";
				$this->fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d H:i:s'";
				break;

			case 'US':
				$this->fmtDate = "'m-d-Y'";
				$this->fmtTimeStamp = "'m-d-Y H:i:s'";
				break;

			case 'PT_BR':
			case 'NL':
			case 'FR':
			case 'RO':
			case 'IT':
				$this->fmtDate="'d-m-Y'";
				$this->fmtTimeStamp = "'d-m-Y H:i:s'";
				break;

			case 'GE':
				$this->fmtDate="'d.m.Y'";
				$this->fmtTimeStamp = "'d.m.Y H:i:s'";
				break;

			default:
				$this->fmtDate="'Y-m-d'";
				$this->fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d H:i:s'";
				break;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * GetActiveRecordsClass Performs an 'ALL' query
	 *
	 * @param mixed $class This string represents the class of the current active record
	 * @param mixed $table Table used by the active record object
	 * @param mixed $whereOrderBy Where, order, by clauses
	 * @param mixed $bindarr
	 * @param mixed $primkeyArr
	 * @param array $extra Query extras: limit, offset...
	 * @param mixed $relations Associative array: table's foreign name, "hasMany", "belongsTo"
	 * @access public
	 * @return void
	 */
	function GetActiveRecordsClass(
			$class, $table,$whereOrderBy=false,$bindarr=false, $primkeyArr=false,
			$extra=array(),
			$relations=array())
	{
		global $_ADODB_ACTIVE_DBS;
		## reduce overhead of adodb.inc.php -- moved to adodb-active-record.inc.php
		## if adodb-active-recordx is loaded -- should be no issue as they will probably use Find()
		if (!isset($_ADODB_ACTIVE_DBS)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-active-record.inc.php');
		}
		return adodb_GetActiveRecordsClass($this, $class, $table, $whereOrderBy, $bindarr, $primkeyArr, $extra, $relations);
	}

	function GetActiveRecords($table,$where=false,$bindarr=false,$primkeyArr=false) {
		$arr = $this->GetActiveRecordsClass('ADODB_Active_Record', $table, $where, $bindarr, $primkeyArr);
		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	 * Close Connection
	 */
	function Close() {
		$rez = $this->_close();
		$this->_queryID = false;
		$this->_connectionID = false;
		return $rez;
	}

	/**
	 * Begin a Transaction. Must be followed by CommitTrans() or RollbackTrans().
	 *
	 * @return true if succeeded or false if database does not support transactions
	 */
	function BeginTrans() {
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp("BeginTrans: Transactions not supported for this driver");
		}
		return false;
	}

	/* set transaction mode */
	function SetTransactionMode( $transaction_mode ) {
		$transaction_mode = $this->MetaTransaction($transaction_mode, $this->dataProvider);
		$this->_transmode  = $transaction_mode;
	}
/*
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-US/ms173763.aspx
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-transaction-isolation.html
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/interactive/sql-set-transaction.html
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/itss/docs/oracle/10g/server.101/b10759/statements_10005.htm
*/
	function MetaTransaction($mode,$db) {
		$mode = strtoupper($mode);
		$mode = str_replace('ISOLATION LEVEL ','',$mode);

		switch($mode) {

		case 'READ UNCOMMITTED':
			switch($db) {
			case 'oci8':
			case 'oracle':
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED';
			default:
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED';
			}
			break;

		case 'READ COMMITTED':
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED';
			break;

		case 'REPEATABLE READ':
			switch($db) {
			case 'oci8':
			case 'oracle':
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE';
			default:
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ';
			}
			break;

		case 'SERIALIZABLE':
				return 'ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE';
			break;

		default:
			return $mode;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If database does not support transactions, always return true as data always commited
	 *
	 * @param $ok  set to false to rollback transaction, true to commit
	 *
	 * @return true/false.
	 */
	function CommitTrans($ok=true) {
		return true;
	}


	/**
	 * If database does not support transactions, rollbacks always fail, so return false
	 *
	 * @return true/false.
	 */
	function RollbackTrans() {
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * return the databases that the driver can connect to.
	 * Some databases will return an empty array.
	 *
	 * @return an array of database names.
	 */
	function MetaDatabases() {
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		if ($this->metaDatabasesSQL) {
			$save = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;

			if ($this->fetchMode !== false) {
				$savem = $this->SetFetchMode(false);
			}

			$arr = $this->GetCol($this->metaDatabasesSQL);
			if (isset($savem)) {
				$this->SetFetchMode($savem);
			}
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

			return $arr;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * List procedures or functions in an array.
	 * @param procedureNamePattern  a procedure name pattern; must match the procedure name as it is stored in the database
	 * @param catalog a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database;
	 * @param schemaPattern a schema name pattern;
	 *
	 * @return array of procedures on current database.
	 *
	 * Array(
	 *   [name_of_procedure] => Array(
	 *     [type] => PROCEDURE or FUNCTION
	 *     [catalog] => Catalog_name
	 *     [schema] => Schema_name
	 *     [remarks] => explanatory comment on the procedure
	 *   )
	 * )
	 */
	function MetaProcedures($procedureNamePattern = null, $catalog  = null, $schemaPattern  = null) {
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * @param ttype can either be 'VIEW' or 'TABLE' or false.
	 *		If false, both views and tables are returned.
	 *		"VIEW" returns only views
	 *		"TABLE" returns only tables
	 * @param showSchema returns the schema/user with the table name, eg. USER.TABLE
	 * @param mask  is the input mask - only supported by oci8 and postgresql
	 *
	 * @return  array of tables for current database.
	 */
	function MetaTables($ttype=false,$showSchema=false,$mask=false) {
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		if ($mask) {
			return false;
		}
		if ($this->metaTablesSQL) {
			$save = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;

			if ($this->fetchMode !== false) {
				$savem = $this->SetFetchMode(false);
			}

			$rs = $this->Execute($this->metaTablesSQL);
			if (isset($savem)) {
				$this->SetFetchMode($savem);
			}
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

			if ($rs === false) {
				return false;
			}
			$arr = $rs->GetArray();
			$arr2 = array();

			if ($hast = ($ttype && isset($arr[0][1]))) {
				$showt = strncmp($ttype,'T',1);
			}

			for ($i=0; $i < sizeof($arr); $i++) {
				if ($hast) {
					if ($showt == 0) {
						if (strncmp($arr[$i][1],'T',1) == 0) {
							$arr2[] = trim($arr[$i][0]);
						}
					} else {
						if (strncmp($arr[$i][1],'V',1) == 0) {
							$arr2[] = trim($arr[$i][0]);
						}
					}
				} else
					$arr2[] = trim($arr[$i][0]);
			}
			$rs->Close();
			return $arr2;
		}
		return false;
	}


	function _findschema(&$table,&$schema) {
		if (!$schema && ($at = strpos($table,'.')) !== false) {
			$schema = substr($table,0,$at);
			$table = substr($table,$at+1);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * List columns in a database as an array of ADOFieldObjects.
	 * See top of file for definition of object.
	 *
	 * @param $table	table name to query
	 * @param $normalize	makes table name case-insensitive (required by some databases)
	 * @schema is optional database schema to use - not supported by all databases.
	 *
	 * @return  array of ADOFieldObjects for current table.
	 */
	function MetaColumns($table,$normalize=true) {
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		if (!empty($this->metaColumnsSQL)) {
			$schema = false;
			$this->_findschema($table,$schema);

			$save = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;
			if ($this->fetchMode !== false) {
				$savem = $this->SetFetchMode(false);
			}
			$rs = $this->Execute(sprintf($this->metaColumnsSQL,($normalize)?strtoupper($table):$table));
			if (isset($savem)) {
				$this->SetFetchMode($savem);
			}
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;
			if ($rs === false || $rs->EOF) {
				return false;
			}

			$retarr = array();
			while (!$rs->EOF) { //print_r($rs->fields);
				$fld = new ADOFieldObject();
				$fld->name = $rs->fields[0];
				$fld->type = $rs->fields[1];
				if (isset($rs->fields[3]) && $rs->fields[3]) {
					if ($rs->fields[3]>0) {
						$fld->max_length = $rs->fields[3];
					}
					$fld->scale = $rs->fields[4];
					if ($fld->scale>0) {
						$fld->max_length += 1;
					}
				} else {
					$fld->max_length = $rs->fields[2];
				}

				if ($ADODB_FETCH_MODE == ADODB_FETCH_NUM) {
					$retarr[] = $fld;
				} else {
					$retarr[strtoupper($fld->name)] = $fld;
				}
				$rs->MoveNext();
			}
			$rs->Close();
			return $retarr;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * List indexes on a table as an array.
	 * @param table  table name to query
	 * @param primary true to only show primary keys. Not actually used for most databases
	 *
	 * @return array of indexes on current table. Each element represents an index, and is itself an associative array.
	 *
	 * Array(
	 *   [name_of_index] => Array(
	 *     [unique] => true or false
	 *     [columns] => Array(
	 *       [0] => firstname
	 *       [1] => lastname
	 *     )
	 *   )
	 * )
	 */
	function MetaIndexes($table, $primary = false, $owner = false) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * List columns names in a table as an array.
	 * @param table	table name to query
	 *
	 * @return  array of column names for current table.
	 */
	function MetaColumnNames($table, $numIndexes=false,$useattnum=false /* only for postgres */) {
		$objarr = $this->MetaColumns($table);
		if (!is_array($objarr)) {
			return false;
		}
		$arr = array();
		if ($numIndexes) {
			$i = 0;
			if ($useattnum) {
				foreach($objarr as $v)
					$arr[$v->attnum] = $v->name;

			} else
				foreach($objarr as $v) $arr[$i++] = $v->name;
		} else
			foreach($objarr as $v) $arr[strtoupper($v->name)] = $v->name;

		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	 * Different SQL databases used different methods to combine strings together.
	 * This function provides a wrapper.
	 *
	 * param s	variable number of string parameters
	 *
	 * Usage: $db->Concat($str1,$str2);
	 *
	 * @return concatenated string
	 */
	function Concat() {
		$arr = func_get_args();
		return implode($this->concat_operator, $arr);
	}


	/**
	 * Converts a date "d" to a string that the database can understand.
	 *
	 * @param d	a date in Unix date time format.
	 *
	 * @return  date string in database date format
	 */
	function DBDate($d, $isfld=false) {
		if (empty($d) && $d !== 0) {
			return 'null';
		}
		if ($isfld) {
			return $d;
		}
		if (is_object($d)) {
			return $d->format($this->fmtDate);
		}

		if (is_string($d) && !is_numeric($d)) {
			if ($d === 'null') {
				return $d;
			}
			if (strncmp($d,"'",1) === 0) {
				$d = _adodb_safedateq($d);
				return $d;
			}
			if ($this->isoDates) {
				return "'$d'";
			}
			$d = ADOConnection::UnixDate($d);
		}

		return adodb_date($this->fmtDate,$d);
	}

	function BindDate($d) {
		$d = $this->DBDate($d);
		if (strncmp($d,"'",1)) {
			return $d;
		}

		return substr($d,1,strlen($d)-2);
	}

	function BindTimeStamp($d) {
		$d = $this->DBTimeStamp($d);
		if (strncmp($d,"'",1)) {
			return $d;
		}

		return substr($d,1,strlen($d)-2);
	}


	/**
	 * Converts a timestamp "ts" to a string that the database can understand.
	 *
	 * @param ts	a timestamp in Unix date time format.
	 *
	 * @return  timestamp string in database timestamp format
	 */
	function DBTimeStamp($ts,$isfld=false) {
		if (empty($ts) && $ts !== 0) {
			return 'null';
		}
		if ($isfld) {
			return $ts;
		}
		if (is_object($ts)) {
			return $ts->format($this->fmtTimeStamp);
		}

		# strlen(14) allows YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
		if (!is_string($ts) || (is_numeric($ts) && strlen($ts)<14)) {
			return adodb_date($this->fmtTimeStamp,$ts);
		}

		if ($ts === 'null') {
			return $ts;
		}
		if ($this->isoDates && strlen($ts) !== 14) {
			$ts = _adodb_safedate($ts);
			return "'$ts'";
		}
		$ts = ADOConnection::UnixTimeStamp($ts);
		return adodb_date($this->fmtTimeStamp,$ts);
	}

	/**
	 * Also in ADORecordSet.
	 * @param $v is a date string in YYYY-MM-DD format
	 *
	 * @return date in unix timestamp format, or 0 if before TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR, or false if invalid date format
	 */
	static function UnixDate($v) {
		if (is_object($v)) {
		// odbtp support
		//( [year] => 2004 [month] => 9 [day] => 4 [hour] => 12 [minute] => 44 [second] => 8 [fraction] => 0 )
			return adodb_mktime($v->hour,$v->minute,$v->second,$v->month,$v->day, $v->year);
		}

		if (is_numeric($v) && strlen($v) !== 8) {
			return $v;
		}
		if (!preg_match( "|^([0-9]{4})[-/\.]?([0-9]{1,2})[-/\.]?([0-9]{1,2})|", $v, $rr)) {
			return false;
		}

		if ($rr[1] <= TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR) {
			return 0;
		}

		// h-m-s-MM-DD-YY
		return @adodb_mktime(0,0,0,$rr[2],$rr[3],$rr[1]);
	}


	/**
	 * Also in ADORecordSet.
	 * @param $v is a timestamp string in YYYY-MM-DD HH-NN-SS format
	 *
	 * @return date in unix timestamp format, or 0 if before TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR, or false if invalid date format
	 */
	static function UnixTimeStamp($v) {
		if (is_object($v)) {
		// odbtp support
		//( [year] => 2004 [month] => 9 [day] => 4 [hour] => 12 [minute] => 44 [second] => 8 [fraction] => 0 )
			return adodb_mktime($v->hour,$v->minute,$v->second,$v->month,$v->day, $v->year);
		}

		if (!preg_match(
			"|^([0-9]{4})[-/\.]?([0-9]{1,2})[-/\.]?([0-9]{1,2})[ ,-]*(([0-9]{1,2}):?([0-9]{1,2}):?([0-9\.]{1,4}))?|",
			($v), $rr)) return false;

		if ($rr[1] <= TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR && $rr[2]<= 1) {
			return 0;
		}

		// h-m-s-MM-DD-YY
		if (!isset($rr[5])) {
			return  adodb_mktime(0,0,0,$rr[2],$rr[3],$rr[1]);
		}
		return @adodb_mktime($rr[5],$rr[6],$rr[7],$rr[2],$rr[3],$rr[1]);
	}

	/**
	 * Also in ADORecordSet.
	 *
	 * Format database date based on user defined format.
	 *
	 * @param v		is the character date in YYYY-MM-DD format, returned by database
	 * @param fmt	is the format to apply to it, using date()
	 *
	 * @return a date formated as user desires
	 */
	function UserDate($v,$fmt='Y-m-d',$gmt=false) {
		$tt = $this->UnixDate($v);

		// $tt == -1 if pre TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		if (($tt === false || $tt == -1) && $v != false) {
			return $v;
		} else if ($tt == 0) {
			return $this->emptyDate;
		} else if ($tt == -1) {
			// pre-TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		}

		return ($gmt) ? adodb_gmdate($fmt,$tt) : adodb_date($fmt,$tt);

	}

	/**
	 *
	 * @param v		is the character timestamp in YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss format
	 * @param fmt	is the format to apply to it, using date()
	 *
	 * @return a timestamp formated as user desires
	 */
	function UserTimeStamp($v,$fmt='Y-m-d H:i:s',$gmt=false) {
		if (!isset($v)) {
			return $this->emptyTimeStamp;
		}
		# strlen(14) allows YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
		if (is_numeric($v) && strlen($v)<14) {
			return ($gmt) ? adodb_gmdate($fmt,$v) : adodb_date($fmt,$v);
		}
		$tt = $this->UnixTimeStamp($v);
		// $tt == -1 if pre TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		if (($tt === false || $tt == -1) && $v != false) {
			return $v;
		}
		if ($tt == 0) {
			return $this->emptyTimeStamp;
		}
		return ($gmt) ? adodb_gmdate($fmt,$tt) : adodb_date($fmt,$tt);
	}

	function escape($s,$magic_quotes=false) {
		return $this->addq($s,$magic_quotes);
	}

	/**
	* Quotes a string, without prefixing nor appending quotes.
	*/
	function addq($s,$magic_quotes=false) {
		if (!$magic_quotes) {
			if ($this->replaceQuote[0] == '\\') {
				// only since php 4.0.5
				$s = adodb_str_replace(array('\\',"\0"),array('\\\\',"\\\0"),$s);
				//$s = str_replace("\0","\\\0", str_replace('\\','\\\\',$s));
			}
			return  str_replace("'",$this->replaceQuote,$s);
		}

		// undo magic quotes for "
		$s = str_replace('\\"','"',$s);

		if ($this->replaceQuote == "\\'" || ini_get('magic_quotes_sybase')) {
			// ' already quoted, no need to change anything
			return $s;
		} else {
			// change \' to '' for sybase/mssql
			$s = str_replace('\\\\','\\',$s);
			return str_replace("\\'",$this->replaceQuote,$s);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Correctly quotes a string so that all strings are escaped. We prefix and append
	 * to the string single-quotes.
	 * An example is  $db->qstr("Don't bother",magic_quotes_runtime());
	 *
	 * @param s			the string to quote
	 * @param [magic_quotes]	if $s is GET/POST var, set to get_magic_quotes_gpc().
	 *				This undoes the stupidity of magic quotes for GPC.
	 *
	 * @return  quoted string to be sent back to database
	 */
	function qstr($s,$magic_quotes=false) {
		if (!$magic_quotes) {
			if ($this->replaceQuote[0] == '\\'){
				// only since php 4.0.5
				$s = adodb_str_replace(array('\\',"\0"),array('\\\\',"\\\0"),$s);
				//$s = str_replace("\0","\\\0", str_replace('\\','\\\\',$s));
			}
			return  "'".str_replace("'",$this->replaceQuote,$s)."'";
		}

		// undo magic quotes for "
		$s = str_replace('\\"','"',$s);

		if ($this->replaceQuote == "\\'" || ini_get('magic_quotes_sybase')) {
			// ' already quoted, no need to change anything
			return "'$s'";
		} else {
			// change \' to '' for sybase/mssql
			$s = str_replace('\\\\','\\',$s);
			return "'".str_replace("\\'",$this->replaceQuote,$s)."'";
		}
	}


	/**
	* Will select the supplied $page number from a recordset, given that it is paginated in pages of
	* $nrows rows per page. It also saves two boolean values saying if the given page is the first
	* and/or last one of the recordset. Added by Iván Oliva to provide recordset pagination.
	*
	* See docs-adodb.htm#ex8 for an example of usage.
	*
	* @param sql
	* @param nrows		is the number of rows per page to get
	* @param page		is the page number to get (1-based)
	* @param [inputarr]	array of bind variables
	* @param [secs2cache]		is a private parameter only used by jlim
	* @return		the recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
	*
	* NOTE: phpLens uses a different algorithm and does not use PageExecute().
	*
	*/
	function PageExecute($sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr=false, $secs2cache=0) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		if ($this->pageExecuteCountRows) {
			$rs = _adodb_pageexecute_all_rows($this, $sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr, $secs2cache);
		} else {
			$rs = _adodb_pageexecute_no_last_page($this, $sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr, $secs2cache);
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/**
	* Will select the supplied $page number from a recordset, given that it is paginated in pages of
	* $nrows rows per page. It also saves two boolean values saying if the given page is the first
	* and/or last one of the recordset. Added by Iván Oliva to provide recordset pagination.
	*
	* @param secs2cache	seconds to cache data, set to 0 to force query
	* @param sql
	* @param nrows		is the number of rows per page to get
	* @param page		is the page number to get (1-based)
	* @param [inputarr]	array of bind variables
	* @return		the recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
	*/
	function CachePageExecute($secs2cache, $sql, $nrows, $page,$inputarr=false) {
		/*switch($this->dataProvider) {
		case 'postgres':
		case 'mysql':
			break;
		default: $secs2cache = 0; break;
		}*/
		$rs = $this->PageExecute($sql,$nrows,$page,$inputarr,$secs2cache);
		return $rs;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the maximum size of a MetaType C field. If the method
	* is not defined in the driver returns ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET
	*
	* @return int
	*/
	function charMax()
	{
		return ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the maximum size of a MetaType X field. If the method
	* is not defined in the driver returns ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET
	*
	* @return int
	*/
	function textMax()
	{
		return ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET;
	}

	/**
	* Returns a substring of a varchar type field
	*
	* Some databases have variations of the parameters, which is why
	* we have an ADOdb function for it
	*
	* @param	string	$fld	The field to sub-string
	* @param	int		$start	The start point
	* @param	int		$length	An optional length
	*
	* @return	The SQL text
	*/
	function substr($fld,$start,$length=0) {
		$text = "{$this->substr}($fld,$start";
		if ($length > 0)
			$text .= ",$length";
		$text .= ')';
		return $text;
	}

	/*
	 * Formats the date into Month only format MM with leading zeroes
	 *
	 * @param	string		$fld	The name of the date to format
	 *
	 * @return	string				The SQL text
	 */
	function month($fld) {
		$x = $this->sqlDate('m',$fld);

		return $x;
	}

	/*
	 * Formats the date into Day only format DD with leading zeroes
	 *
	 * @param	string		$fld	The name of the date to format
	 * @return	string		The SQL text
	 */
	function day($fld) {
		$x = $this->sqlDate('d',$fld);
		return $x;
	}

	/*
	 * Formats the date into year only format YYYY
	 *
	 * @param	string		$fld The name of the date to format
	 *
	 * @return	string		The SQL text
	 */
	function year($fld) {
		$x = $this->sqlDate('Y',$fld);
		return $x;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the last error recorded by PHP and clear the message.
	 *
	 * By clearing the message, it becomes possible to detect whether a new error
	 * has occurred, even when it is the same error as before being repeated.
	 *
	 * @return array|null Array if an error has previously occurred. Null otherwise.
	 */
	protected function resetLastError() {
		$error = error_get_last();

		if (is_array($error)) {
			$error['message'] = '';
		}

		return $error;
	}

	/**
	 * Compare a previously stored error message with the last error recorded by PHP
	 * to determine whether a new error has occured.
	 *
	 * @param array|null $old Optional. Previously stored return value of error_get_last().
	 *
	 * @return string The error message if a new error has occured
	 *                or an empty string if no (new) errors have occured..
	 */
	protected function getChangedErrorMsg($old = null) {
		$new = error_get_last();

		if (is_null($new)) {
			// No error has occured yet at all.
			return '';
		}

		if (is_null($old)) {
			// First error recorded.
			return $new['message'];
		}

		$changed = false;
		foreach($new as $key => $value) {
			if ($new[$key] !== $old[$key]) {
				$changed = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if ($changed === true) {
			return $new['message'];
		}

		return '';
	}

} // end class ADOConnection



	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADOFetchObj
	//==============================================================================================

	/**
	* Internal placeholder for record objects. Used by ADORecordSet->FetchObj().
	*/
	class ADOFetchObj {
	};

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADORecordSet_empty
	//==============================================================================================

	class ADODB_Iterator_empty implements Iterator {

		private $rs;

		function __construct($rs) {
			$this->rs = $rs;
		}

		function rewind() {}

		function valid() {
			return !$this->rs->EOF;
		}

		function key() {
			return false;
		}

		function current() {
			return false;
		}

		function next() {}

		function __call($func, $params) {
			return call_user_func_array(array($this->rs, $func), $params);
		}

		function hasMore() {
			return false;
		}

	}


	/**
	* Lightweight recordset when there are no records to be returned
	*/
	class ADORecordSet_empty implements IteratorAggregate
	{
		var $dataProvider = 'empty';
		var $databaseType = false;
		var $EOF = true;
		var $_numOfRows = 0;
		var $fields = false;
		var $connection = false;

		function RowCount() {
			return 0;
		}

		function RecordCount() {
			return 0;
		}

		function PO_RecordCount() {
			return 0;
		}

		function Close() {
			return true;
		}

		function FetchRow() {
			return false;
		}

		function FieldCount() {
			return 0;
		}

		function Init() {}

		function getIterator() {
			return new ADODB_Iterator_empty($this);
		}

		function GetAssoc() {
			return array();
		}

		function GetArray() {
			return array();
		}

		function GetAll() {
			return array();
		}

		function GetArrayLimit() {
			return array();
		}

		function GetRows() {
			return array();
		}

		function GetRowAssoc() {
			return array();
		}

		function MaxRecordCount() {
			return 0;
		}

		function NumRows() {
			return 0;
		}

		function NumCols() {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
	//==============================================================================================
	if (!defined('ADODB_DATE_VERSION')) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-time.inc.php');
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADORecordSet
	//==============================================================================================

	class ADODB_Iterator implements Iterator {

		private $rs;

		function __construct($rs) {
			$this->rs = $rs;
		}

		function rewind() {
			$this->rs->MoveFirst();
		}

		function valid() {
			return !$this->rs->EOF;
		}

		function key() {
			return $this->rs->_currentRow;
		}

		function current() {
			return $this->rs->fields;
		}

		function next() {
			$this->rs->MoveNext();
		}

		function __call($func, $params) {
			return call_user_func_array(array($this->rs, $func), $params);
		}

		function hasMore() {
			return !$this->rs->EOF;
		}

	}


	/**
	 * RecordSet class that represents the dataset returned by the database.
	 * To keep memory overhead low, this class holds only the current row in memory.
	 * No prefetching of data is done, so the RecordCount() can return -1 ( which
	 * means recordcount not known).
	 */
	class ADORecordSet implements IteratorAggregate {

	/**
	 * public variables
	 */
	var $dataProvider = "native";
	var $fields = false;	/// holds the current row data
	var $blobSize = 100;	/// any varchar/char field this size or greater is treated as a blob
							/// in other words, we use a text area for editing.
	var $canSeek = false;	/// indicates that seek is supported
	var $sql;				/// sql text
	var $EOF = false;		/// Indicates that the current record position is after the last record in a Recordset object.

	var $emptyTimeStamp = '&nbsp;'; /// what to display when $time==0
	var $emptyDate = '&nbsp;'; /// what to display when $time==0
	var $debug = false;
	var $timeCreated=0;		/// datetime in Unix format rs created -- for cached recordsets

	var $bind = false;		/// used by Fields() to hold array - should be private?
	var $fetchMode;			/// default fetch mode
	var $connection = false; /// the parent connection

	/**
	 *	private variables
	 */
	var $_numOfRows = -1;	/** number of rows, or -1 */
	var $_numOfFields = -1;	/** number of fields in recordset */
	var $_queryID = -1;		/** This variable keeps the result link identifier.	*/
	var $_currentRow = -1;	/** This variable keeps the current row in the Recordset.	*/
	var $_closed = false;	/** has recordset been closed */
	var $_inited = false;	/** Init() should only be called once */
	var $_obj;				/** Used by FetchObj */
	var $_names;			/** Used by FetchObj */

	var $_currentPage = -1;	/** Added by Iván Oliva to implement recordset pagination */
	var $_atFirstPage = false;	/** Added by Iván Oliva to implement recordset pagination */
	var $_atLastPage = false;	/** Added by Iván Oliva to implement recordset pagination */
	var $_lastPageNo = -1;
	var $_maxRecordCount = 0;
	var $datetime = false;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 *
	 * @param queryID	this is the queryID returned by ADOConnection->_query()
	 *
	 */
	function __construct($queryID) {
		$this->_queryID = $queryID;
	}

	function __destruct() {
		$this->Close();
	}

	function getIterator() {
		return new ADODB_Iterator($this);
	}

	/* this is experimental - i don't really know what to return... */
	function __toString() {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/toexport.inc.php');
		return _adodb_export($this,',',',',false,true);
	}

	function Init() {
		if ($this->_inited) {
			return;
		}
		$this->_inited = true;
		if ($this->_queryID) {
			@$this->_initrs();
		} else {
			$this->_numOfRows = 0;
			$this->_numOfFields = 0;
		}
		if ($this->_numOfRows != 0 && $this->_numOfFields && $this->_currentRow == -1) {
			$this->_currentRow = 0;
			if ($this->EOF = ($this->_fetch() === false)) {
				$this->_numOfRows = 0; // _numOfRows could be -1
			}
		} else {
			$this->EOF = true;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Generate a SELECT tag string from a recordset, and return the string.
	 * If the recordset has 2 cols, we treat the 1st col as the containing
	 * the text to display to the user, and 2nd col as the return value. Default
	 * strings are compared with the FIRST column.
	 *
	 * @param name			name of SELECT tag
	 * @param [defstr]		the value to hilite. Use an array for multiple hilites for listbox.
	 * @param [blank1stItem]	true to leave the 1st item in list empty
	 * @param [multiple]		true for listbox, false for popup
	 * @param [size]		#rows to show for listbox. not used by popup
	 * @param [selectAttr]		additional attributes to defined for SELECT tag.
	 *				useful for holding javascript onChange='...' handlers.
	 & @param [compareFields0]	when we have 2 cols in recordset, we compare the defstr with
	 *				column 0 (1st col) if this is true. This is not documented.
	 *
	 * @return HTML
	 *
	 * changes by glen.davies@cce.ac.nz to support multiple hilited items
	 */
	function GetMenu($name,$defstr='',$blank1stItem=true,$multiple=false,
			$size=0, $selectAttr='',$compareFields0=true)
	{
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		return _adodb_getmenu($this, $name,$defstr,$blank1stItem,$multiple,
			$size, $selectAttr,$compareFields0);
	}



	/**
	 * Generate a SELECT tag string from a recordset, and return the string.
	 * If the recordset has 2 cols, we treat the 1st col as the containing
	 * the text to display to the user, and 2nd col as the return value. Default
	 * strings are compared with the SECOND column.
	 *
	 */
	function GetMenu2($name,$defstr='',$blank1stItem=true,$multiple=false,$size=0, $selectAttr='') {
		return $this->GetMenu($name,$defstr,$blank1stItem,$multiple,
			$size, $selectAttr,false);
	}

	/*
		Grouped Menu
	*/
	function GetMenu3($name,$defstr='',$blank1stItem=true,$multiple=false,
			$size=0, $selectAttr='')
	{
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		return _adodb_getmenu_gp($this, $name,$defstr,$blank1stItem,$multiple,
			$size, $selectAttr,false);
	}

	/**
	 * return recordset as a 2-dimensional array.
	 *
	 * @param [nRows]  is the number of rows to return. -1 means every row.
	 *
	 * @return an array indexed by the rows (0-based) from the recordset
	 */
	function GetArray($nRows = -1) {
		$results = array();
		$cnt = 0;
		while (!$this->EOF && $nRows != $cnt) {
			$results[] = $this->fields;
			$this->MoveNext();
			$cnt++;
		}
		return $results;
	}

	function GetAll($nRows = -1) {
		$arr = $this->GetArray($nRows);
		return $arr;
	}

	/*
	* Some databases allow multiple recordsets to be returned. This function
	* will return true if there is a next recordset, or false if no more.
	*/
	function NextRecordSet() {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * return recordset as a 2-dimensional array.
	 * Helper function for ADOConnection->SelectLimit()
	 *
	 * @param offset	is the row to start calculations from (1-based)
	 * @param [nrows]	is the number of rows to return
	 *
	 * @return an array indexed by the rows (0-based) from the recordset
	 */
	function GetArrayLimit($nrows,$offset=-1) {
		if ($offset <= 0) {
			$arr = $this->GetArray($nrows);
			return $arr;
		}

		$this->Move($offset);

		$results = array();
		$cnt = 0;
		while (!$this->EOF && $nrows != $cnt) {
			$results[$cnt++] = $this->fields;
			$this->MoveNext();
		}

		return $results;
	}


	/**
	 * Synonym for GetArray() for compatibility with ADO.
	 *
	 * @param [nRows]  is the number of rows to return. -1 means every row.
	 *
	 * @return an array indexed by the rows (0-based) from the recordset
	 */
	function GetRows($nRows = -1) {
		$arr = $this->GetArray($nRows);
		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	 * return whole recordset as a 2-dimensional associative array if
	 * there are more than 2 columns. The first column is treated as the
	 * key and is not included in the array. If there is only 2 columns,
	 * it will return a 1 dimensional array of key-value pairs unless
	 * $force_array == true. This recordset method is currently part of
	 * the API, but may not be in later versions of ADOdb. By preference, use
	 * ADOconnnection::getAssoc()
	 *
	 * @param bool	$force_array	(optional) Has only meaning if we have 2 data
	 *								columns. If false, a 1 dimensional
	 * 								array is returned, otherwise a 2 dimensional
	 *								array is returned. If this sounds confusing,
	 * 								read the source.
	 *
	 * @param bool	$first2cols 	(optional) Means if there are more than
	 *								2 cols, ignore the remaining cols and
	 * 								instead of returning
	 *								array[col0] => array(remaining cols),
	 *								return array[col0] => col1
	 *
	 * @return mixed
	 *
	 */
	function getAssoc($force_array = false, $first2cols = false)
	{
		
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		/*
		* Insufficient rows to show data
		*/
		if ($this->_numOfFields < 2)
			  return;

		/*
		* Empty recordset
		*/
		if (!$this->fields) {
			return array();
		}

		$numberOfFields = $this->_numOfFields;
		$fetchMode      = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		if ($fetchMode == ADODB_FETCH_BOTH)
		{
			/*
			* build a template of numeric keys. you could improve the
			* speed by caching this, indexed by number of keys
			*/
			$testKeys = array_fill(0,$numberOfFields,0);

			/*
			* We use the associative method if ADODB_FETCH_BOTH
			*/
			$fetchMode = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;
		}

		$showArrayMethod = 0;

		if ($numberOfFields == 2)
			/*
			* Key is always value of first element
			* Value is alway value of second element
			*/
			$showArrayMethod = 1;

		if ($force_array)
			$showArrayMethod = 0;

		if ($first2cols)
			$showArrayMethod = 1;

		$results  = array();

		while (!$this->EOF){

			$myFields = $this->fields;

			if ($fetchMode == ADODB_FETCH_BOTH)
			{
				/*
				* extract the associative keys
				*/
				$myFields = array_diff_key($myFields,$testKeys);
			}

			/*
			* key is value of first element, rest is data,
			* The key is not case processed
			*/
			$key = array_shift($myFields);
			
			switch ($showArrayMethod)
			{
			case 0:

				if ($fetchMode == ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC)
				{
					/*
					* The driver should have already handled the key
					* casing, but in case it did not. We will check and force
					* this in later versions of ADOdb
					*/
					if (ADODB_ASSOC_CASE == ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_UPPER)
						$myFields = array_change_key_case($myFields,CASE_UPPER);

					elseif (ADODB_ASSOC_CASE == ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_LOWER)
						$myFields = array_change_key_case($myFields,CASE_LOWER);

					/*
					* We have already shifted the key off
					* the front, so the rest is the value
					*/
					$results[$key] = $myFields;

				}
				else
					/*
					 * I want the values in a numeric array,
					 * nicely re-indexed from zero
					 */
					$results[$key] = array_values($myFields);
				break;

			case 1:

				/*
				 * Don't care how long the array is,
				 * I just want value of second column, and it doesn't
				 * matter whether the array is associative or numeric
				 */
				$results[$key] = array_shift($myFields);
				break;
			}

			$this->MoveNext();
		}
		/*
		 * Done
		 */
		return $results;
	}

	/**
	 *
	 * @param v		is the character timestamp in YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss format
	 * @param fmt	is the format to apply to it, using date()
	 *
	 * @return a timestamp formated as user desires
	 */
	function UserTimeStamp($v,$fmt='Y-m-d H:i:s') {
		if (is_numeric($v) && strlen($v)<14) {
			return adodb_date($fmt,$v);
		}
		$tt = $this->UnixTimeStamp($v);
		// $tt == -1 if pre TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		if (($tt === false || $tt == -1) && $v != false) {
			return $v;
		}
		if ($tt === 0) {
			return $this->emptyTimeStamp;
		}
		return adodb_date($fmt,$tt);
	}


	/**
	 * @param v		is the character date in YYYY-MM-DD format, returned by database
	 * @param fmt	is the format to apply to it, using date()
	 *
	 * @return a date formated as user desires
	 */
	function UserDate($v,$fmt='Y-m-d') {
		$tt = $this->UnixDate($v);
		// $tt == -1 if pre TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		if (($tt === false || $tt == -1) && $v != false) {
			return $v;
		} else if ($tt == 0) {
			return $this->emptyDate;
		} else if ($tt == -1) {
			// pre-TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR
		}
		return adodb_date($fmt,$tt);
	}


	/**
	 * @param $v is a date string in YYYY-MM-DD format
	 *
	 * @return date in unix timestamp format, or 0 if before TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR, or false if invalid date format
	 */
	static function UnixDate($v) {
		return ADOConnection::UnixDate($v);
	}


	/**
	 * @param $v is a timestamp string in YYYY-MM-DD HH-NN-SS format
	 *
	 * @return date in unix timestamp format, or 0 if before TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR, or false if invalid date format
	 */
	static function UnixTimeStamp($v) {
		return ADOConnection::UnixTimeStamp($v);
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	*/
	function Free() {
		return $this->Close();
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB compat, number of rows
	*/
	function NumRows() {
		return $this->_numOfRows;
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB compat, number of cols
	*/
	function NumCols() {
		return $this->_numOfFields;
	}

	/**
	* Fetch a row, returning false if no more rows.
	* This is PEAR DB compat mode.
	*
	* @return false or array containing the current record
	*/
	function FetchRow() {
		if ($this->EOF) {
			return false;
		}
		$arr = $this->fields;
		$this->_currentRow++;
		if (!$this->_fetch()) {
			$this->EOF = true;
		}
		return $arr;
	}


	/**
	* Fetch a row, returning PEAR_Error if no more rows.
	* This is PEAR DB compat mode.
	*
	* @return DB_OK or error object
	*/
	function FetchInto(&$arr) {
		if ($this->EOF) {
			return (defined('PEAR_ERROR_RETURN')) ? new PEAR_Error('EOF',-1): false;
		}
		$arr = $this->fields;
		$this->MoveNext();
		return 1; // DB_OK
	}


	/**
	 * Move to the first row in the recordset. Many databases do NOT support this.
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */
	function MoveFirst() {
		if ($this->_currentRow == 0) {
			return true;
		}
		return $this->Move(0);
	}


	/**
	 * Move to the last row in the recordset.
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */
	function MoveLast() {
		if ($this->_numOfRows >= 0) {
			return $this->Move($this->_numOfRows-1);
		}
		if ($this->EOF) {
			return false;
		}
		while (!$this->EOF) {
			$f = $this->fields;
			$this->MoveNext();
		}
		$this->fields = $f;
		$this->EOF = false;
		return true;
	}


	/**
	 * Move to next record in the recordset.
	 *
	 * @return true if there still rows available, or false if there are no more rows (EOF).
	 */
	function MoveNext() {
		if (!$this->EOF) {
			$this->_currentRow++;
			if ($this->_fetch()) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		$this->EOF = true;
		/* -- tested error handling when scrolling cursor -- seems useless.
		$conn = $this->connection;
		if ($conn && $conn->raiseErrorFn && ($errno = $conn->ErrorNo())) {
			$fn = $conn->raiseErrorFn;
			$fn($conn->databaseType,'MOVENEXT',$errno,$conn->ErrorMsg().' ('.$this->sql.')',$conn->host,$conn->database);
		}
		*/
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * Random access to a specific row in the recordset. Some databases do not support
	 * access to previous rows in the databases (no scrolling backwards).
	 *
	 * @param rowNumber is the row to move to (0-based)
	 *
	 * @return true if there still rows available, or false if there are no more rows (EOF).
	 */
	function Move($rowNumber = 0) {
		$this->EOF = false;
		if ($rowNumber == $this->_currentRow) {
			return true;
		}
		if ($rowNumber >= $this->_numOfRows) {
			if ($this->_numOfRows != -1) {
				$rowNumber = $this->_numOfRows-2;
			}
		}

		if ($rowNumber < 0) {
			$this->EOF = true;
			return false;
		}

		if ($this->canSeek) {
			if ($this->_seek($rowNumber)) {
				$this->_currentRow = $rowNumber;
				if ($this->_fetch()) {
					return true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->EOF = true;
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			if ($rowNumber < $this->_currentRow) {
				return false;
			}
			while (! $this->EOF && $this->_currentRow < $rowNumber) {
				$this->_currentRow++;

				if (!$this->_fetch()) {
					$this->EOF = true;
				}
			}
			return !($this->EOF);
		}

		$this->fields = false;
		$this->EOF = true;
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * Get the value of a field in the current row by column name.
	 * Will not work if ADODB_FETCH_MODE is set to ADODB_FETCH_NUM.
	 *
	 * @param colname  is the field to access
	 *
	 * @return the value of $colname column
	 */
	function Fields($colname) {
		return $this->fields[$colname];
	}

	/**
	 * Defines the function to use for table fields case conversion
	 * depending on ADODB_ASSOC_CASE
	 * @return string strtolower/strtoupper or false if no conversion needed
	 */
	protected function AssocCaseConvertFunction($case = ADODB_ASSOC_CASE) {
		switch($case) {
			case ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_UPPER:
				return 'strtoupper';
			case ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_LOWER:
				return 'strtolower';
			case ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_NATIVE:
			default:
				return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Builds the bind array associating keys to recordset fields
	 *
	 * @param int $upper Case for the array keys, defaults to uppercase
	 *                   (see ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_xxx constants)
	 */
	function GetAssocKeys($upper = ADODB_ASSOC_CASE) {
		if ($this->bind) {
			return;
		}
		$this->bind = array();

		// Define case conversion function for ASSOC fetch mode
		$fn_change_case = $this->AssocCaseConvertFunction($upper);

		// Build the bind array
		for ($i=0; $i < $this->_numOfFields; $i++) {
			$o = $this->FetchField($i);

			// Set the array's key
			if(is_numeric($o->name)) {
				// Just use the field ID
				$key = $i;
			}
			elseif( $fn_change_case ) {
				// Convert the key's case
				$key = $fn_change_case($o->name);
			}
			else {
				$key = $o->name;
			}

			$this->bind[$key] = $i;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Use associative array to get fields array for databases that do not support
	 * associative arrays. Submitted by Paolo S. Asioli paolo.asioli#libero.it
	 *
	 * @param int $upper Case for the array keys, defaults to uppercase
	 *                   (see ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_xxx constants)
	 */
	function GetRowAssoc($upper = ADODB_ASSOC_CASE) {
		$record = array();
		$this->GetAssocKeys($upper);

		foreach($this->bind as $k => $v) {
			if( array_key_exists( $v, $this->fields ) ) {
				$record[$k] = $this->fields[$v];
			} elseif( array_key_exists( $k, $this->fields ) ) {
				$record[$k] = $this->fields[$k];
			} else {
				# This should not happen... trigger error ?
				$record[$k] = null;
			}
		}
		return $record;
	}

	/**
	 * Clean up recordset
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */
	function Close() {
		// free connection object - this seems to globally free the object
		// and not merely the reference, so don't do this...
		// $this->connection = false;
		if (!$this->_closed) {
			$this->_closed = true;
			return $this->_close();
		} else
			return true;
	}

	/**
	 * synonyms RecordCount and RowCount
	 *
	 * @return the number of rows or -1 if this is not supported
	 */
	function RecordCount() {
		return $this->_numOfRows;
	}


	/*
	* If we are using PageExecute(), this will return the maximum possible rows
	* that can be returned when paging a recordset.
	*/
	function MaxRecordCount() {
		return ($this->_maxRecordCount) ? $this->_maxRecordCount : $this->RecordCount();
	}

	/**
	 * synonyms RecordCount and RowCount
	 *
	 * @return the number of rows or -1 if this is not supported
	 */
	function RowCount() {
		return $this->_numOfRows;
	}


	 /**
	 * Portable RecordCount. Pablo Roca <pabloroca@mvps.org>
	 *
	 * @return  the number of records from a previous SELECT. All databases support this.
	 *
	 * But aware possible problems in multiuser environments. For better speed the table
	 * must be indexed by the condition. Heavy test this before deploying.
	 */
	function PO_RecordCount($table="", $condition="") {

		$lnumrows = $this->_numOfRows;
		// the database doesn't support native recordcount, so we do a workaround
		if ($lnumrows == -1 && $this->connection) {
			IF ($table) {
				if ($condition) {
					$condition = " WHERE " . $condition;
				}
				$resultrows = $this->connection->Execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $table $condition");
				if ($resultrows) {
					$lnumrows = reset($resultrows->fields);
				}
			}
		}
		return $lnumrows;
	}


	/**
	 * @return the current row in the recordset. If at EOF, will return the last row. 0-based.
	 */
	function CurrentRow() {
		return $this->_currentRow;
	}

	/**
	 * synonym for CurrentRow -- for ADO compat
	 *
	 * @return the current row in the recordset. If at EOF, will return the last row. 0-based.
	 */
	function AbsolutePosition() {
		return $this->_currentRow;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the number of columns in the recordset. Some databases will set this to 0
	 * if no records are returned, others will return the number of columns in the query.
	 */
	function FieldCount() {
		return $this->_numOfFields;
	}


	/**
	 * Get the ADOFieldObject of a specific column.
	 *
	 * @param fieldoffset	is the column position to access(0-based).
	 *
	 * @return the ADOFieldObject for that column, or false.
	 */
	function FetchField($fieldoffset = -1) {
		// must be defined by child class

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the ADOFieldObjects of all columns in an array.
	 *
	 */
	function FieldTypesArray() {
		static $arr = array();
		if (empty($arr)) {
			for ($i=0, $max=$this->_numOfFields; $i < $max; $i++) {
				$arr[] = $this->FetchField($i);
			}
		}
		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	* Return the fields array of the current row as an object for convenience.
	* The default case is lowercase field names.
	*
	* @return the object with the properties set to the fields of the current row
	*/
	function FetchObj() {
		$o = $this->FetchObject(false);
		return $o;
	}

	/**
	* Return the fields array of the current row as an object for convenience.
	* The default case is uppercase.
	*
	* @param $isupper to set the object property names to uppercase
	*
	* @return the object with the properties set to the fields of the current row
	*/
	function FetchObject($isupper=true) {
		if (empty($this->_obj)) {
			$this->_obj = new ADOFetchObj();
			$this->_names = array();
			for ($i=0; $i <$this->_numOfFields; $i++) {
				$f = $this->FetchField($i);
				$this->_names[] = $f->name;
			}
		}
		$i = 0;
		if (PHP_VERSION >= 5) {
			$o = clone($this->_obj);
		} else {
			$o = $this->_obj;
		}

		for ($i=0; $i <$this->_numOfFields; $i++) {
			$name = $this->_names[$i];
			if ($isupper) {
				$n = strtoupper($name);
			} else {
				$n = $name;
			}

			$o->$n = $this->Fields($name);
		}
		return $o;
	}

	/**
	* Return the fields array of the current row as an object for convenience.
	* The default is lower-case field names.
	*
	* @return the object with the properties set to the fields of the current row,
	*	or false if EOF
	*
	* Fixed bug reported by tim@orotech.net
	*/
	function FetchNextObj() {
		$o = $this->FetchNextObject(false);
		return $o;
	}


	/**
	* Return the fields array of the current row as an object for convenience.
	* The default is upper case field names.
	*
	* @param $isupper to set the object property names to uppercase
	*
	* @return the object with the properties set to the fields of the current row,
	*	or false if EOF
	*
	* Fixed bug reported by tim@orotech.net
	*/
	function FetchNextObject($isupper=true) {
		$o = false;
		if ($this->_numOfRows != 0 && !$this->EOF) {
			$o = $this->FetchObject($isupper);
			$this->_currentRow++;
			if ($this->_fetch()) {
				return $o;
			}
		}
		$this->EOF = true;
		return $o;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the metatype of the column. This is used for formatting. This is because
	 * many databases use different names for the same type, so we transform the original
	 * type to our standardised version which uses 1 character codes:
	 *
	 * @param t  is the type passed in. Normally is ADOFieldObject->type.
	 * @param len is the maximum length of that field. This is because we treat character
	 *	fields bigger than a certain size as a 'B' (blob).
	 * @param fieldobj is the field object returned by the database driver. Can hold
	 *	additional info (eg. primary_key for mysql).
	 *
	 * @return the general type of the data:
	 *	C for character < 250 chars
	 *	X for teXt (>= 250 chars)
	 *	B for Binary
	 *	N for numeric or floating point
	 *	D for date
	 *	T for timestamp
	 *	L for logical/Boolean
	 *	I for integer
	 *	R for autoincrement counter/integer
	 *
	 *
	*/
	function MetaType($t,$len=-1,$fieldobj=false) {
		if (is_object($t)) {
			$fieldobj = $t;
			$t = $fieldobj->type;
			$len = $fieldobj->max_length;
		}


		// changed in 2.32 to hashing instead of switch stmt for speed...
		static $typeMap = array(
			'VARCHAR' => 'C',
			'VARCHAR2' => 'C',
			'CHAR' => 'C',
			'C' => 'C',
			'STRING' => 'C',
			'NCHAR' => 'C',
			'NVARCHAR' => 'C',
			'VARYING' => 'C',
			'BPCHAR' => 'C',
			'CHARACTER' => 'C',
			'INTERVAL' => 'C',  # Postgres
			'MACADDR' => 'C', # postgres
			'VAR_STRING' => 'C', # mysql
			##
			'LONGCHAR' => 'X',
			'TEXT' => 'X',
			'NTEXT' => 'X',
			'M' => 'X',
			'X' => 'X',
			'CLOB' => 'X',
			'NCLOB' => 'X',
			'LVARCHAR' => 'X',
			##
			'BLOB' => 'B',
			'IMAGE' => 'B',
			'BINARY' => 'B',
			'VARBINARY' => 'B',
			'LONGBINARY' => 'B',
			'B' => 'B',
			##
			'YEAR' => 'D', // mysql
			'DATE' => 'D',
			'D' => 'D',
			##
			'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER' => 'C', # MS SQL Server
			##
			'SMALLDATETIME' => 'T',
			'TIME' => 'T',
			'TIMESTAMP' => 'T',
			'DATETIME' => 'T',
			'DATETIME2' => 'T',
			'TIMESTAMPTZ' => 'T',
			'T' => 'T',
			'TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE' => 'T', // postgresql
			##
			'BOOL' => 'L',
			'BOOLEAN' => 'L',
			'BIT' => 'L',
			'L' => 'L',
			##
			'COUNTER' => 'R',
			'R' => 'R',
			'SERIAL' => 'R', // ifx
			'INT IDENTITY' => 'R',
			##
			'INT' => 'I',
			'INT2' => 'I',
			'INT4' => 'I',
			'INT8' => 'I',
			'INTEGER' => 'I',
			'INTEGER UNSIGNED' => 'I',
			'SHORT' => 'I',
			'TINYINT' => 'I',
			'SMALLINT' => 'I',
			'I' => 'I',
			##
			'LONG' => 'N', // interbase is numeric, oci8 is blob
			'BIGINT' => 'N', // this is bigger than PHP 32-bit integers
			'DECIMAL' => 'N',
			'DEC' => 'N',
			'REAL' => 'N',
			'DOUBLE' => 'N',
			'DOUBLE PRECISION' => 'N',
			'SMALLFLOAT' => 'N',
			'FLOAT' => 'N',
			'NUMBER' => 'N',
			'NUM' => 'N',
			'NUMERIC' => 'N',
			'MONEY' => 'N',

			## informix 9.2
			'SQLINT' => 'I',
			'SQLSERIAL' => 'I',
			'SQLSMINT' => 'I',
			'SQLSMFLOAT' => 'N',
			'SQLFLOAT' => 'N',
			'SQLMONEY' => 'N',
			'SQLDECIMAL' => 'N',
			'SQLDATE' => 'D',
			'SQLVCHAR' => 'C',
			'SQLCHAR' => 'C',
			'SQLDTIME' => 'T',
			'SQLINTERVAL' => 'N',
			'SQLBYTES' => 'B',
			'SQLTEXT' => 'X',
			## informix 10
			"SQLINT8" => 'I8',
			"SQLSERIAL8" => 'I8',
			"SQLNCHAR" => 'C',
			"SQLNVCHAR" => 'C',
			"SQLLVARCHAR" => 'X',
			"SQLBOOL" => 'L'
		);


		$tmap = false;
		$t = strtoupper($t);
		$tmap = (isset($typeMap[$t])) ? $typeMap[$t] : ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE;
		switch ($tmap) {
			case 'C':
				// is the char field is too long, return as text field...
				if ($this->blobSize >= 0) {
					if ($len > $this->blobSize) {
						return 'X';
					}
				} else if ($len > 250) {
					return 'X';
				}
				return 'C';

			case 'I':
				if (!empty($fieldobj->primary_key)) {
					return 'R';
				}
				return 'I';

			case false:
				return 'N';

			case 'B':
				if (isset($fieldobj->binary)) {
					return ($fieldobj->binary) ? 'B' : 'X';
				}
				return 'B';

			case 'D':
				if (!empty($this->connection) && !empty($this->connection->datetime)) {
					return 'T';
				}
				return 'D';

			default:
				if ($t == 'LONG' && $this->dataProvider == 'oci8') {
					return 'B';
				}
				return $tmap;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Convert case of field names associative array, if needed
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function _updatefields()
	{
		if( empty($this->fields)) {
			return;
		}

		// Determine case conversion function
		$fn_change_case = $this->AssocCaseConvertFunction();
		if(!$fn_change_case) {
			// No conversion needed
			return;
		}

		$arr = array();

		// Change the case
		foreach($this->fields as $k => $v) {
			if (!is_integer($k)) {
				$k = $fn_change_case($k);
			}
			$arr[$k] = $v;
		}
		$this->fields = $arr;
	}

	function _close() {}

	/**
	 * set/returns the current recordset page when paginating
	 */
	function AbsolutePage($page=-1) {
		if ($page != -1) {
			$this->_currentPage = $page;
		}
		return $this->_currentPage;
	}

	/**
	 * set/returns the status of the atFirstPage flag when paginating
	 */
	function AtFirstPage($status=false) {
		if ($status != false) {
			$this->_atFirstPage = $status;
		}
		return $this->_atFirstPage;
	}

	function LastPageNo($page = false) {
		if ($page != false) {
			$this->_lastPageNo = $page;
		}
		return $this->_lastPageNo;
	}

	/**
	 * set/returns the status of the atLastPage flag when paginating
	 */
	function AtLastPage($status=false) {
		if ($status != false) {
			$this->_atLastPage = $status;
		}
		return $this->_atLastPage;
	}

} // end class ADORecordSet

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADORecordSet_array
	//==============================================================================================

	/**
	 * This class encapsulates the concept of a recordset created in memory
	 * as an array. This is useful for the creation of cached recordsets.
	 *
	 * Note that the constructor is different from the standard ADORecordSet
	 */
	class ADORecordSet_array extends ADORecordSet
	{
		var $databaseType = 'array';

		var $_array;	// holds the 2-dimensional data array
		var $_types;	// the array of types of each column (C B I L M)
		var $_colnames;	// names of each column in array
		var $_skiprow1;	// skip 1st row because it holds column names
		var $_fieldobjects; // holds array of field objects
		var $canSeek = true;
		var $affectedrows = false;
		var $insertid = false;
		var $sql = '';
		var $compat = false;

		/**
		 * Constructor
		 */
		function __construct($fakeid=1) {
			global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE,$ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH;

			// fetch() on EOF does not delete $this->fields
			$this->compat = !empty($ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH);
			parent::__construct($fakeid); // fake queryID
			$this->fetchMode = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		}

		function _transpose($addfieldnames=true) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;

			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
			}
			$hdr = true;

			$fobjs = $addfieldnames ? $this->_fieldobjects : false;
			adodb_transpose($this->_array, $newarr, $hdr, $fobjs);
			//adodb_pr($newarr);

			$this->_skiprow1 = false;
			$this->_array = $newarr;
			$this->_colnames = $hdr;

			adodb_probetypes($newarr,$this->_types);

			$this->_fieldobjects = array();

			foreach($hdr as $k => $name) {
				$f = new ADOFieldObject();
				$f->name = $name;
				$f->type = $this->_types[$k];
				$f->max_length = -1;
				$this->_fieldobjects[] = $f;
			}
			$this->fields = reset($this->_array);

			$this->_initrs();

		}

		/**
		 * Setup the array.
		 *
		 * @param array		is a 2-dimensional array holding the data.
		 *			The first row should hold the column names
		 *			unless paramter $colnames is used.
		 * @param typearr	holds an array of types. These are the same types
		 *			used in MetaTypes (C,B,L,I,N).
		 * @param [colnames]	array of column names. If set, then the first row of
		 *			$array should not hold the column names.
		 */
		function InitArray($array,$typearr,$colnames=false) {
			$this->_array = $array;
			$this->_types = $typearr;
			if ($colnames) {
				$this->_skiprow1 = false;
				$this->_colnames = $colnames;
			} else {
				$this->_skiprow1 = true;
				$this->_colnames = $array[0];
			}
			$this->Init();
		}
		/**
		 * Setup the Array and datatype file objects
		 *
		 * @param array		is a 2-dimensional array holding the data.
		 *			The first row should hold the column names
		 *			unless paramter $colnames is used.
		 * @param fieldarr	holds an array of ADOFieldObject's.
		 */
		function InitArrayFields(&$array,&$fieldarr) {
			$this->_array = $array;
			$this->_skiprow1= false;
			if ($fieldarr) {
				$this->_fieldobjects = $fieldarr;
			}
			$this->Init();
		}

		function GetArray($nRows=-1) {
			if ($nRows == -1 && $this->_currentRow <= 0 && !$this->_skiprow1) {
				return $this->_array;
			} else {
				$arr = ADORecordSet::GetArray($nRows);
				return $arr;
			}
		}

		function _initrs() {
			$this->_numOfRows =  sizeof($this->_array);
			if ($this->_skiprow1) {
				$this->_numOfRows -= 1;
			}

			$this->_numOfFields = (isset($this->_fieldobjects))
				? sizeof($this->_fieldobjects)
				: sizeof($this->_types);
		}

		/* Use associative array to get fields array */
		function Fields($colname) {
			$mode = isset($this->adodbFetchMode) ? $this->adodbFetchMode : $this->fetchMode;

			if ($mode & ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC) {
				if (!isset($this->fields[$colname]) && !is_null($this->fields[$colname])) {
					$colname = strtolower($colname);
				}
				return $this->fields[$colname];
			}
			if (!$this->bind) {
				$this->bind = array();
				for ($i=0; $i < $this->_numOfFields; $i++) {
					$o = $this->FetchField($i);
					$this->bind[strtoupper($o->name)] = $i;
				}
			}
			return $this->fields[$this->bind[strtoupper($colname)]];
		}

		function FetchField($fieldOffset = -1) {
			if (isset($this->_fieldobjects)) {
				return $this->_fieldobjects[$fieldOffset];
			}
			$o =  new ADOFieldObject();
			$o->name = $this->_colnames[$fieldOffset];
			$o->type =  $this->_types[$fieldOffset];
			$o->max_length = -1; // length not known

			return $o;
		}

		function _seek($row) {
			if (sizeof($this->_array) && 0 <= $row && $row < $this->_numOfRows) {
				$this->_currentRow = $row;
				if ($this->_skiprow1) {
					$row += 1;
				}
				$this->fields = $this->_array[$row];
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}

		function MoveNext() {
			if (!$this->EOF) {
				$this->_currentRow++;

				$pos = $this->_currentRow;

				if ($this->_numOfRows <= $pos) {
					if (!$this->compat) {
						$this->fields = false;
					}
				} else {
					if ($this->_skiprow1) {
						$pos += 1;
					}
					$this->fields = $this->_array[$pos];
					return true;
				}
				$this->EOF = true;
			}

			return false;
		}

		function _fetch() {
			$pos = $this->_currentRow;

			if ($this->_numOfRows <= $pos) {
				if (!$this->compat) {
					$this->fields = false;
				}
				return false;
			}
			if ($this->_skiprow1) {
				$pos += 1;
			}
			$this->fields = $this->_array[$pos];
			return true;
		}

		function _close() {
			return true;
		}

	} // ADORecordSet_array

	//==============================================================================================
	// HELPER FUNCTIONS
	//==============================================================================================

	/**
	 * Synonym for ADOLoadCode. Private function. Do not use.
	 *
	 * @deprecated
	 */
	function ADOLoadDB($dbType) {
		return ADOLoadCode($dbType);
	}

	/**
	 * Load the code for a specific database driver. Private function. Do not use.
	 */
	function ADOLoadCode($dbType) {
		global $ADODB_LASTDB;

		if (!$dbType) {
			return false;
		}
		$db = strtolower($dbType);
		switch ($db) {
			case 'ado':
				if (PHP_VERSION >= 5) {
					$db = 'ado5';
				}
				$class = 'ado';
				break;

			case 'ifx':
			case 'maxsql':
				$class = $db = 'mysqlt';
				break;

			case 'pgsql':
			case 'postgres':
				$class = $db = 'postgres9';
				break;

			case 'mysql':
				// mysql driver deprecated since 5.5, removed in 7.0
				// automatically switch to mysqli
				if(version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '7.0.0', '>=')) {
					$db = 'mysqli';
				}
				$class = $db;
				break;

			default:
				if (substr($db, 0, 4) === 'pdo_') {
					ADOConnection::outp("Invalid database type: $db");
					return false;
				}

				$class = $db;
				break;
		}

		$file = "drivers/adodb-$db.inc.php";
		@include_once(ADODB_DIR . '/' . $file);
		$ADODB_LASTDB = $class;
		if (class_exists("ADODB_" . $class)) {
			return $class;
		}

		//ADOConnection::outp(adodb_pr(get_declared_classes(),true));
		if (!file_exists($file)) {
			ADOConnection::outp("Missing file: $file");
		} else {
			ADOConnection::outp("Syntax error in file: $file");
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * synonym for ADONewConnection for people like me who cannot remember the correct name
	 */
	function NewADOConnection($db='') {
		$tmp = ADONewConnection($db);
		return $tmp;
	}

	/**
	 * Instantiate a new Connection class for a specific database driver.
	 *
	 * @param [db]  is the database Connection object to create. If undefined,
	 *	use the last database driver that was loaded by ADOLoadCode().
	 *
	 * @return ADOConnection|false The freshly created instance of the Connection class
	 *                             or false in case of error.
	 */
	function ADONewConnection($db='') {
		global $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION, $ADODB_LASTDB;

		if (!defined('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE')) {
			define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE', ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_NATIVE);
		}
		$errorfn = (defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER')) ? ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER : false;
		if (($at = strpos($db,'://')) !== FALSE) {
			$origdsn = $db;
			$fakedsn = 'fake'.substr($origdsn,$at);
			if (($at2 = strpos($origdsn,'@/')) !== FALSE) {
				// special handling of oracle, which might not have host
				$fakedsn = str_replace('@/','@adodb-fakehost/',$fakedsn);
			}

			if ((strpos($origdsn, 'sqlite')) !== FALSE && stripos($origdsn, '%2F') === FALSE) {
				// special handling for SQLite, it only might have the path to the database file.
				// If you try to connect to a SQLite database using a dsn
				// like 'sqlite:///path/to/database', the 'parse_url' php function
				// will throw you an exception with a message such as "unable to parse url"
				list($scheme, $path) = explode('://', $origdsn);
				$dsna['scheme'] = $scheme;
				if ($qmark = strpos($path,'?')) {
					$dsn['query'] = substr($path,$qmark+1);
					$path = substr($path,0,$qmark);
				}
				$dsna['path'] = '/' . urlencode($path);
			} else
				$dsna = @parse_url($fakedsn);

			if (!$dsna) {
				return false;
			}
			$dsna['scheme'] = substr($origdsn,0,$at);
			if ($at2 !== FALSE) {
				$dsna['host'] = '';
			}

			if (strncmp($origdsn,'pdo',3) == 0) {
				$sch = explode('_',$dsna['scheme']);
				if (sizeof($sch)>1) {
					$dsna['host'] = isset($dsna['host']) ? rawurldecode($dsna['host']) : '';
					if ($sch[1] == 'sqlite') {
						$dsna['host'] = rawurlencode($sch[1].':'.rawurldecode($dsna['host']));
					} else {
						$dsna['host'] = rawurlencode($sch[1].':host='.rawurldecode($dsna['host']));
					}
					$dsna['scheme'] = 'pdo';
				}
			}

			$db = @$dsna['scheme'];
			if (!$db) {
				return false;
			}
			$dsna['host'] = isset($dsna['host']) ? rawurldecode($dsna['host']) : '';
			$dsna['user'] = isset($dsna['user']) ? rawurldecode($dsna['user']) : '';
			$dsna['pass'] = isset($dsna['pass']) ? rawurldecode($dsna['pass']) : '';
			$dsna['path'] = isset($dsna['path']) ? rawurldecode(substr($dsna['path'],1)) : ''; # strip off initial /

			if (isset($dsna['query'])) {
				$opt1 = explode('&',$dsna['query']);
				foreach($opt1 as $k => $v) {
					$arr = explode('=',$v);
					$opt[$arr[0]] = isset($arr[1]) ? rawurldecode($arr[1]) : 1;
				}
			} else {
				$opt = array();
			}
		}
	/*
	 *  phptype: Database backend used in PHP (mysql, odbc etc.)
	 *  dbsyntax: Database used with regards to SQL syntax etc.
	 *  protocol: Communication protocol to use (tcp, unix etc.)
	 *  hostspec: Host specification (hostname[:port])
	 *  database: Database to use on the DBMS server
	 *  username: User name for login
	 *  password: Password for login
	 */
		if (!empty($ADODB_NEWCONNECTION)) {
			$obj = $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION($db);

		}

		if(empty($obj)) {

			if (!isset($ADODB_LASTDB)) {
				$ADODB_LASTDB = '';
			}
			if (empty($db)) {
				$db = $ADODB_LASTDB;
			}
			if ($db != $ADODB_LASTDB) {
				$db = ADOLoadCode($db);
			}

			if (!$db) {
				if (isset($origdsn)) {
					$db = $origdsn;
				}
				if ($errorfn) {
					// raise an error
					$ignore = false;
					$errorfn('ADONewConnection', 'ADONewConnection', -998,
							"could not load the database driver for '$db'",
							$db,false,$ignore);
				} else {
					ADOConnection::outp( "<p>ADONewConnection: Unable to load database driver '$db'</p>",false);
				}
				return false;
			}

			$cls = 'ADODB_'.$db;
			if (!class_exists($cls)) {
				adodb_backtrace();
				return false;
			}

			$obj = new $cls();
		}

		# constructor should not fail
		if ($obj) {
			if ($errorfn) {
				$obj->raiseErrorFn = $errorfn;
			}
			if (isset($dsna)) {
				if (isset($dsna['port'])) {
					$obj->port = $dsna['port'];
				}
				foreach($opt as $k => $v) {
					switch(strtolower($k)) {
					case 'new':
										$nconnect = true; $persist = true; break;
					case 'persist':
					case 'persistent':	$persist = $v; break;
					case 'debug':		$obj->debug = (integer) $v; break;
					#ibase
					case 'role':		$obj->role = $v; break;
					case 'dialect':	$obj->dialect = (integer) $v; break;
					case 'charset':		$obj->charset = $v; $obj->charSet=$v; break;
					case 'buffers':		$obj->buffers = $v; break;
					case 'fetchmode':   $obj->SetFetchMode($v); break;
					#ado
					case 'charpage':	$obj->charPage = $v; break;
					#mysql, mysqli
					case 'clientflags': $obj->clientFlags = $v; break;
					#mysql, mysqli, postgres
					case 'port': $obj->port = $v; break;
					#mysqli
					case 'socket': $obj->socket = $v; break;
					#oci8
					case 'nls_date_format': $obj->NLS_DATE_FORMAT = $v; break;
					case 'cachesecs': $obj->cacheSecs = $v; break;
					case 'memcache':
						$varr = explode(':',$v);
						$vlen = sizeof($varr);
						if ($vlen == 0) {
							break;
						}
						$obj->memCache = true;
						$obj->memCacheHost = explode(',',$varr[0]);
						if ($vlen == 1) {
							break;
						}
						$obj->memCachePort = $varr[1];
						if ($vlen == 2) {
							break;
						}
						$obj->memCacheCompress = $varr[2] ?  true : false;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (empty($persist)) {
					$ok = $obj->Connect($dsna['host'], $dsna['user'], $dsna['pass'], $dsna['path']);
				} else if (empty($nconnect)) {
					$ok = $obj->PConnect($dsna['host'], $dsna['user'], $dsna['pass'], $dsna['path']);
				} else {
					$ok = $obj->NConnect($dsna['host'], $dsna['user'], $dsna['pass'], $dsna['path']);
				}

				if (!$ok) {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		return $obj;
	}



	// $perf == true means called by NewPerfMonitor(), otherwise for data dictionary
	function _adodb_getdriver($provider,$drivername,$perf=false) {
		switch ($provider) {
			case 'odbtp':
				if (strncmp('odbtp_',$drivername,6)==0) {
					return substr($drivername,6);
				}
			case 'odbc' :
				if (strncmp('odbc_',$drivername,5)==0) {
					return substr($drivername,5);
				}
			case 'ado'  :
				if (strncmp('ado_',$drivername,4)==0) {
					return substr($drivername,4);
				}
			case 'native':
				break;
			default:
				return $provider;
		}

		switch($drivername) {
			case 'mysqlt':
			case 'mysqli':
				$drivername='mysql';
				break;
			case 'postgres7':
			case 'postgres8':
				$drivername = 'postgres';
				break;
			case 'firebird15':
				$drivername = 'firebird';
				break;
			case 'oracle':
				$drivername = 'oci8';
				break;
			case 'access':
				if ($perf) {
					$drivername = '';
				}
				break;
			case 'db2'   :
			case 'sapdb' :
				break;
			default:
				$drivername = 'generic';
				break;
		}
		return $drivername;
	}

	function NewPerfMonitor(&$conn) {
		$drivername = _adodb_getdriver($conn->dataProvider,$conn->databaseType,true);
		if (!$drivername || $drivername == 'generic') {
			return false;
		}
		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-perf.inc.php');
		@include_once(ADODB_DIR."/perf/perf-$drivername.inc.php");
		$class = "Perf_$drivername";
		if (!class_exists($class)) {
			return false;
		}
		$perf = new $class($conn);

		return $perf;
	}

	function NewDataDictionary(&$conn,$drivername=false) {
		if (!$drivername) {
			$drivername = _adodb_getdriver($conn->dataProvider,$conn->databaseType);
		}

		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-datadict.inc.php');
		$path = ADODB_DIR."/datadict/datadict-$drivername.inc.php";

		if (!file_exists($path)) {
			ADOConnection::outp("Dictionary driver '$path' not available");
			return false;
		}
		include_once($path);
		$class = "ADODB2_$drivername";
		$dict = new $class();
		$dict->dataProvider = $conn->dataProvider;
		$dict->connection = $conn;
		$dict->upperName = strtoupper($drivername);
		$dict->quote = $conn->nameQuote;
		if (!empty($conn->_connectionID)) {
			$dict->serverInfo = $conn->ServerInfo();
		}

		return $dict;
	}



	/*
		Perform a print_r, with pre tags for better formatting.
	*/
	function adodb_pr($var,$as_string=false) {
		if ($as_string) {
			ob_start();
		}

		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) {
			echo " <pre>\n";print_r($var);echo "</pre>\n";
		} else {
			print_r($var);
		}

		if ($as_string) {
			$s = ob_get_contents();
			ob_end_clean();
			return $s;
		}
	}

	/*
		Perform a stack-crawl and pretty print it.

		@param printOrArr  Pass in a boolean to indicate print, or an $exception->trace array (assumes that print is true then).
		@param levels Number of levels to display
	*/
	function adodb_backtrace($printOrArr=true,$levels=9999,$ishtml=null) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
			include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		}
		return _adodb_backtrace($printOrArr,$levels,0,$ishtml);
	}

}