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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="talk_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
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<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.3.313">
<meta name="author" content="C. Gadal, M. Mercier and L. Lacaze">
<title>Slumping regime in lock-release turbidity currents</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<body class="quarto-dark">
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="center">
<h1 class="title">Slumping regime in lock-release turbidity currents</h1>
<hr style="width: 65%">
<h2 class="subtitle">Bottom slope and particle settling</h2>
<hr style="width: 65%">
<p class="author">C. Gadal, M. Mercier and L. Lacaze</p>
<p class="institute">Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), France</p>
</section>
<section id="turbidity-currents" class="slide level2">
<h2>Turbidity currents</h2>
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column" style="width:100%;">
<ul>
<li>gravity driven flow</li>
<li>excess density = suspended particles (maybe combined to temperature, salinity or humidity differences)</li>
</ul>
<div class="quarto-layout-panel">
<div class="quarto-layout-row quarto-layout-valign-top">
<div class="quarto-layout-cell" style="flex-basis: 28.1%;justify-content: center;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/intro/avalanche.png"></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Snow avalanche, Zinal, Switzerland <span class="citation" data-cites="Zacharie">@Zacharie</span> Grossen</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-layout-cell" style="flex-basis: 35.6%;justify-content: center;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/intro/pyroclastic.png"></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Pyroclastic flow, Sinabung, Indonesia <span class="citation" data-cites="Jean-Guillaume">@Jean-Guillaume</span> Feignon</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-layout-cell" style="flex-basis: 36.4%;justify-content: center;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/intro/duststorm.png"></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Dust storm, Phoenix, USA <span class="citation" data-cites="Alan">@Alan</span> Stark</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ## Lock-release systems
:::: {.columns .v-center-container}
::: {.column width=100%}
{width=80% fig-align="center" #needbackground}
:::
:::: -->
</section>
<section id="lock-release-systems" class="slide level2">
<h2>Lock-release systems</h2>
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column rotate" style="width:100%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><video data-src="talk_files/src/videos/sand80m/run03/output.mp4" style="width:85.0%" controls=""><a href="talk_files/src/videos/sand80m/run03/output.mp4">Video</a></video></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Particles: glass beads (<span class="math inline">\(d \sim 120 \mu\)</span>m). Ambient: fresh water. Inclination: <span class="math inline">\(\theta = 7^\circ\)</span></figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="front-position" class="slide level2">
<h2>Front position</h2>
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/Rottman1983.svg" style="width:100.0%"></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Rottman et al. 1983, saline water, no slope (<span class="math inline">\(\theta=0^\circ\)</span>)</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<ul>
<li>Scales:
<ul>
<li>length: <span class="math inline">\(L_{0}\)</span> (lock length)</li>
<li>velocity: <span class="math inline">\(u_{0} = \sqrt{h_{0} g'}\)</span>, <span class="math inline">\(g' = \frac{\delta\rho}{\rho}g\)</span></li>
<li>time: <span class="math inline">\(t_{0} = L_{0}/u_{0}\)</span></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment" style="color:#eb7f19">
<ul>
<li><span class="math inline">\(u_{\rm c} = \mathcal{F}_{r} u_{0}\)</span>, <span class="math inline">\(t_{\rm end} = \tau t_{0}\)</span></li>
<li>constant prefactors: <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r} = 0.5\)</span>, <span class="math inline">\(\tau \simeq 20\)</span>
<ul>
<li>(Boussinesq, full depth-release)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="fragment important boxed">
<ul>
<li>What happens for an inclined tank ?</li>
<li>Influence of particles ?</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="math display">\[ \mathcal{F}_{r} = f(?), \, \tau = f(?)\]</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="experimental-set-up-and-parameter-range-170-runs" class="slide level2">
<h2>Experimental set-up and parameter range (170 runs)</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/Sketch_lock_release.svg" style="width:100.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<p><strong>Parameter space:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>volume fraction, <span class="math inline">\(\phi \in [0.5, 15]~\%\)</span>
<ul>
<li>excess density, <span class="math inline">\(\delta\rho \in [2, 500]~\textrm{kg}~\textrm{m}^{-3}\)</span></li>
<li>velocity scale, <span class="math inline">\(u_{0} \in [5, 10^{2}]~\textrm{cm}~\textrm{s}^{-1}\)</span></li>
</ul></li>
<li>bottom slope, <span class="math inline">\(\theta \in [0, 7]^\circ\)</span></li>
<li>silica particles, <span class="math inline">\(d \in [60, 250]~\mu\)</span>m
<ul>
<li>settling velocity, <span class="math inline">\(v_{\rm s} \in [0.3, 3]~\textrm{cm}~\textrm{s}^{-1}\)</span></li>
<li>saline currents (same <span class="math inline">\(\delta\rho\)</span>)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Dimensionless control parameters:</strong></p>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li>Reynolds, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{R}_{e} = u_{0}h_{0}/\nu \in [10^{4}, 10^{5}]\)</span></li>
<li>Settling, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} = v_{\rm s}/u_{0} \in [4.10^{-3}, 10^{-1}]\)</span></li>
<li>Froude, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r}^{*} = u_{0}/\sqrt{g'h_{0}} \equiv 1\)</span></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\theta \in [0, 7]^\circ\)</span></li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\phi\)</span></li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\delta\rho/\rho\)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="experimental-set-up-and-parameter-range-170-runs-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Experimental set-up and parameter range (170 runs)</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/Sketch_lock_release.svg" style="width:100.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<p><strong>Parameter space:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>volume fraction, <span class="math inline">\(\phi \in [0.5, 15]~\%\)</span>
<ul>
<li>excess density, <span class="math inline">\(\delta\rho \in [2, 500]~\textrm{kg}~\textrm{m}^{-3}\)</span></li>
<li>velocity scale, <span class="math inline">\(u_{0} \in [5, 10^{2}]~\textrm{cm}~\textrm{s}^{-1}\)</span></li>
</ul></li>
<li>bottom slope, <span class="math inline">\(\theta \in [0, 7]^\circ\)</span></li>
<li>silica particles, <span class="math inline">\(d \in [60, 250]~\mu\)</span>m
<ul>
<li>settling velocity, <span class="math inline">\(v_{\rm s} \in [0.3, 3]~\textrm{cm}~\textrm{s}^{-1}\)</span></li>
<li>saline currents (same <span class="math inline">\(\delta\rho\)</span>)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Dimensionless control parameters:</strong></p>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li><span class="colored">Reynolds, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{R}_{e} = u_{0}h_{0}/\nu \in [2.10^{4}, 4.10^{5}]\)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="colored">Settling, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} = v_{\rm s}/u_{0} \in [4.10^{-3}, 10^{-1}]\)</span></span></li>
<li>Froude, <span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \xcancel{\mathcal{F}_{r}^{*} = u_{0}/\sqrt{g'h_{0}} \equiv 1}\)</span></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li><span class="colored"><span class="math inline">\(\theta \in [0, 7]^\circ\)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \xcancel{\phi}\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\phi < \phi_{\rm c} \simeq 0.45~\%\)</span>, no interparticle interactions</li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \xcancel{\delta\rho/\rho}\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow\)</span> Boussinesq approx.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="front-dynamics" class="slide level2">
<h2>Front dynamics</h2>
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/nose_positions_0.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/nose_positions_1.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/nose_positions_2.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="dimensionless-front-velocity-mathcalf_r" class="slide level2">
<h2>Dimensionless front velocity <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r}\)</span></h2>
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_scaling_velocity_0.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_scaling_velocity_1.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="1"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_scaling_velocity_2.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="2"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<!-- {.fragment fragment-index=3 width=80% fig-align="center"} -->
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_scaling_velocity_4.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="3"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="important">
<div class="r-stack">
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-out" data-fragment-index="1"><span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r} = f(\mathcal{R}_{e}, \mathcal{S}, \theta)\)</span></span></p>
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-in-then-out" data-fragment-index="1"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \mathcal{F}_{r} = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}}, \mathcal{S}, \theta)\)</span></span></p>
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-in-then-out" data-fragment-index="2"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \mathcal{F}_{r} = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}}, \xcancel{\mathcal{S}}, \theta)\)</span></span></p>
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-in" data-fragment-index="3"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \mathcal{F}_{r} = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}}, \xcancel{\mathcal{S}}, \color{orange}{\theta})\)</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="dimensionless-front-velocity-mathcalf_rtheta" class="slide level2">
<h2>Dimensionless front velocity <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r}(\theta)\)</span></h2>
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_froude_theta_0.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_froude_theta_1.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="1"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<!-- {.fragment width=80% fig-align="center"} -->
</div>
<p><span class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1"><span class="math inline">\(\bullet\)</span> Global increasing trend, but scatter across datasets <span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow\)</span> influence of other parameters ? <span class="math inline">\(h_{0}/L_{0}\)</span> ?</span></p>
</section>
<section id="dimensionless-duration-tau-and-influence-of-mathcals" class="slide level2">
<h2>Dimensionless duration <span class="math inline">\(\tau\)</span> and influence of <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S}\)</span></h2>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\bullet\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\theta=7^\circ\)</span>, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{R}_{e} \simeq 6{\times}10^{4}\)</span></p>
<div class="columns v-center-container" style="height:80%">
<div class="column" style="width:60%;">
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column small" style="width:20%;">
<p><span class="math inline">\(d \sim 60~\mu\)</span>m, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} = 0.01\)</span></p>
</div><div class="column rotate" style="width:80%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><video data-src="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads40m_70m/run02/output.mp4" style="width:80.0%" controls=""><a href="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads40m_70m/run02/output.mp4">Video</a></video></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column small" style="width:20%;">
<p><span class="math inline">\(d \sim 135~\mu\)</span>m, <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} = 0.04\)</span></p>
</div><div class="column rotate" style="width:80%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><video data-src="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads120m/run02/output.mp4" style="width:80.0%" controls=""><a href="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads120m/run02/output.mp4">Video</a></video></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns v-center-container" style="margin-block-start:0">
<div class="column small" style="width:20%;">
<p><span class="math inline">\(d \sim 250~\mu\)</span>m</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} = 0.1\)</span></p>
</div><div class="column rotate" style="width:80%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><video data-src="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads200m_300m/run02/output.mp4" style="width:80.0%" controls=""><a href="talk_files/src/videos/silibeads200m_300m/run02/output.mp4">Video</a></video></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:40%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/settling_velocity_nose_propagation.svg" class="fragment" style="width:100.0%" data-fragment-index="1"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="dimensionless-duration-tau-and-influence-of-mathcals-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Dimensionless duration <span class="math inline">\(\tau\)</span> and influence of <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S}\)</span></h2>
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_0.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_1.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="1"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_2.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="2"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_3.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="3"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_4.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="4"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_5.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="5"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_6.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="6"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_7.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="7"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_8.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="8"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="important">
<div class="r-stack">
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-out" data-fragment-index="4"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \tau = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}}, \mathcal{S}, \theta)\)</span></span></p>
<p><span class="boxed fragment fade-in" data-fragment-index="4"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel} \tau = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}},\color{orange}{\mathcal{S}}, \theta)\)</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><span class="fragment" data-fragment-index="7" style="font-size:smaller"><span class="math inline">\(\bullet\)</span> settling dominated: <span class="math inline">\(\tau \propto (\mathcal{S}/a)^{-1} \iff t_{\rm end} \propto h_{0}/v_{\rm s}\)</span></span></p>
</section>
<section id="dimensionless-duration-tau-and-influence-of-mathcals-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Dimensionless duration <span class="math inline">\(\tau\)</span> and influence of <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S}\)</span></h2>
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_duration_8.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="important">
<div class="r-stack">
<p><span class="boxed"><span class="math inline">\(\require{cancel}\tau = f(\xcancel{\mathcal{R}_{e}}, \color{orange}{\mathcal{S}}, \theta\rightarrow?)\)</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size:smaller"><span class="math inline">\(\bullet\)</span> settling dominated: <span class="math inline">\(\tau \propto (\mathcal{S}/a)^{-1} \iff t_{\rm end} \propto h_{0}/v_{\rm s}\)</span></span></p>
</section>
<section id="mixing-and-water-entrainment" class="slide level2">
<h2>Mixing and water entrainment</h2>
<div class="columns v-center-container" style="height:70%">
<div class="column" style="width:100%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/sketch_entrainment_wilson2017.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
<p></p><figcaption>from Wilson et al. 2016</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<div class="fragment" style="text-align:center">
<p><span class="boxed">Entrainment coefficient, <span class="math inline">\(E = \displaystyle\frac{w_{\rm e}}{U}\)</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="entrainment-coefficient-e-fmathcalr_e" class="slide level2">
<h2>Entrainment coefficient, <span class="math inline">\(E = f(\mathcal{R}_{e})\)</span></h2>
<div class="columns v-center-container">
<div class="column" style="width:100%;">
<div class="r-stack">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_entrainment_0.svg" style="width:80.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_entrainment_1.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="1"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="talk_files/src/figures/figure_entrainment_2.svg" class="fragment" style="width:80.0%" data-fragment-index="2"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="in-a-nutshell" class="slide level2">
<h2>In a nutshell</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="boxed">
<p>Slumping regime:</p>
<ul>
<li>dimensionless velocity <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{F}_{r}\)</span> increases with <span class="math inline">\(\theta\)</span></li>
<li>dimensioless duration <span class="math inline">\(\tau\)</span>:
<ul>
<li>for <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} < 2.10^{-2}\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\tau \simeq 30\)</span></li>
<li>for <span class="math inline">\(\mathcal{S} > 2.10^{-2}\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <span class="math inline">\(\tau \simeq 0.8 (\mathcal{S}/a)^{-1}\)</span></li>
</ul></li>
<li>entrainment increases with Reynolds as <span class="math inline">\(E \propto \mathcal{R}_{e}\)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:smaller">More in: <em>Slumping regime in lock-release turbidity currents.</em> Gadal et al. 2023, in review in JFM. <em>preprint:arXiv2301.00192</em></span></p>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column fragment" style="width:45%;">
<p>What’s next ?</p>
<ul>
<li>Comparison with depth-averaged models</li>
<li>Influence of lock aspect-ratio <span class="math inline">\(h_{0}/L_{0}\)</span> ?</li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(\tau(\theta)\)</span>, <span class="math inline">\(E(\theta, \mathcal{S})\)</span> ?</li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<ul>
<li>Moving towards steady influx turbidity currents</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fragment" style="margin-top:2%">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><video data-src="talk_files/src/videos/steady_input/stationnary_turbidity_current.mp4" style="width:85.0%" controls=""><a href="talk_files/src/videos/steady_input/stationnary_turbidity_current.mp4">Video</a></video></p>
<p></p><figcaption>Steady injection of a water/plastic suspension inside fresh water.</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
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