README.md

Question-Generation Literature

The automation script of this repo is powered by Auto-Bibfile, which is a wonderful open-source tool for collecting literature. You can directly use our bibtex.bib in overleaf with this link.

Due to time limitation, many of the contents have not been updated, such as 'Taxonomy', and we will update it as soon as possible.

This page categorizes the literature by the Published Venue.

Outline

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Taxonomy

• Summary
• Application
• Approach
• Author
• Backbone Model
• Contribution
• Dataset
• Metrics
• Question Type
• Research Questions
• Setting
• Learning Paradigm
• Published Time
• Published Venue

ACL

• GTM: A Generative Triple-wise Model for Conversational Question Generation ,
  by Lei Shen and Fandong Meng and Jinchao Zhang and Yang Feng and Jie Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Controllable Open-ended Question Generation with A New Question Type Ontology ,
  by Shuyang Cao and Lu Wang [bib]
  
  

• Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting ,
  by Yi Cheng and Siyao Li and Bang Liu and Ruihui Zhao and Sujian Li and Chenghua Lin and Yefeng Zheng [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask Conversational Questions by Optimizing Levenshtein Distance ,
  by Zhongkun Liu and Pengjie Ren and Zhumin Chen and Zhaochun Ren and Maarten de Rijke and Ming Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Question Generation for Adaptive Education ,
  by Megha Srivastava and Noah Goodman [bib]
  
  

• Template-Based Question Generation from Retrieved Sentences for Improved Unsupervised Question Answering ,
  by Alexander R. Fabbri and Patrick Ng and Zhiguo Wang and Ramesh Nallapati and Bing Xiang [bib]
  
  

• Semantic Graphs for Generating Deep Questions ,
  by Liangming Pan and Yuxi Xie and Yansong Feng and Tat{-}Seng Chua and Min{-}Yen Kan [bib]
  
  

• How to Ask Good Questions? Try to Leverage Paraphrases ,
  by Xin Jia and Wenjie Zhou and Xu Sun and Yunfang Wu [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask More: Semi-Autoregressive Sequential Question Generation under Dual-Graph Interaction ,
  by Zi Chai and Xiaojun Wan [bib]
  
  

• Low-Resource Generation of Multi-hop Reasoning Questions ,
  by Jianxing Yu and Wei Liu and Shuang Qiu and Qinliang Su and Kai Wang and Xiaojun Quan and Jian Yin [bib]
  
  

• On the Importance of Diversity in Question Generation for QA ,
  by Md. Arafat Sultan and Shubham Chandel and Ram{'{o}}n Fernandez Astudillo and Vittorio Castelli [bib]
  
  

• Review-based Question Generation with Adaptive Instance Transfer and Augmentation ,
  by Qian Yu and Lidong Bing and Qiong Zhang and Wai Lam and Luo Si [bib]
  
  

• Syn-QG: Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Rules for Question Generation ,
  by Kaustubh D. Dhole and Christopher D. Manning [bib]
  
  

• Unsupervised FAQ Retrieval with Question Generation and BERT ,
  by Yosi Mass and Boaz Carmeli and Haggai Roitman and David Konopnicki [bib]
  
  

• Reinforced Dynamic Reasoning for Conversational Question Generation ,
  by Boyuan Pan and Hao Li and Ziyu Yao and Deng Cai and Huan Sun [bib]
  
  

• Interconnected Question Generation with Coreference Alignment and Conversation Flow Modeling ,
  by Yifan Gao and Piji Li and Irwin King and Michael R. Lyu [bib]
  
  

• Self-Attention Architectures for Answer-Agnostic Neural Question Generation ,
  by Thomas Scialom and Benjamin Piwowarski and Jacopo Staiano [bib]
  
  

• Controlling the Specificity of Clarification Question Generation ,
  by Yang Trista Cao and Sudha Rao and Hal Daum{'{e}} III [bib]
  
  

• Cross-Lingual Training for Automatic Question Generation ,
  by Vishwajeet Kumar and Nitish Joshi and Arijit Mukherjee and Ganesh Ramakrishnan and Preethi Jyothi [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask Unanswerable Questions for Machine Reading Comprehension ,
  by Haichao Zhu and Li Dong and Furu Wei and Wenhui Wang and Bing Qin and Ting Liu [bib]
  
  

• Asking the Crowd: Question Analysis, Evaluation and Generation for Open Discussion on Online Forums ,
  by Zi Chai and Xinyu Xing and Xiaojun Wan and Bo Huang [bib]
  
  

• Generating Question-Answer Hierarchies ,
  by Kalpesh Krishna and Mohit Iyyer [bib]
  
  

• What Should I Ask? Using Conversationally Informative Rewards for Goal-oriented Visual Dialog ,
  by Pushkar Shukla and Carlos E. L. Elmadjian and Richika Sharan and Vivek Kulkarni and Matthew A. Turk and William Yang Wang [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask Good Questions: Ranking Clarification Questions using Neural Expected Value of Perfect Information ,
  by Sudha Rao and Hal Daum{'{e}} III [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask Questions in Open-domain Conversational Systems with Typed Decoders ,
  by Yansen Wang and Chenyi Liu and Minlie Huang and Liqiang Nie [bib]
  
  

• Soft Layer-Specific Multi-Task Summarization with Entailment and Question Generation ,
  by Han Guo and Ramakanth Pasunuru and Mohit Bansal [bib]
  
  

• Harvesting Paragraph-level Question-Answer Pairs from Wikipedia ,
  by Xinya Du and Claire Cardie [bib]
  
  

• Machine Comprehension by Text-to-Text Neural Question Generation ,
  by Xingdi Yuan and Tong Wang and {\c{C}}aglar G{"{u}}l{\c{c}}ehre and Alessandro Sordoni and Philip Bachman and Saizheng Zhang and Sandeep Subramanian and Adam Trischler [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask: Neural Question Generation for Reading Comprehension ,
  by Xinya Du and Junru Shao and Claire Cardie [bib]
  
  

• Generating Factoid Questions With Recurrent Neural Networks: The 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpus ,
  by Iulian Vlad Serban and Alberto Garc{'{\i}}a{-}Dur{'{a}}n and {\c{C}}aglar G{"{u}}l{\c{c}}ehre and Sungjin Ahn and Sarath Chandar and Aaron C. Courville and Yoshua Bengio [bib]
  
  

• Deep Questions without Deep Understanding ,
  by Igor Labutov and Sumit Basu and Lucy Vanderwende [bib]
  
  

• Automatic Question Generation using Discourse Cues ,
  by Manish Agarwal and Rakshit shah and Prashanth Mannem [bib]
  
  

• Automatic Gap-fill Question Generation from Text Books ,
  by Manish Agarwal and Prashanth Mannem [bib]
  
  

EMNLP

• Iterative GNN-based Decoder for Question Generation ,
  by Zichu Fei and Qi Zhang and Yaqian Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Improving Unsupervised Question Answering via Summarization-Informed Question Generation ,
  by Chenyang Lyu and Lifeng Shang and Yvette Graham and Jennifer Foster and Xin Jiang and Qun Liu [bib]
  
  

• Open-domain clarification question generation without question examples ,
  by Julia White and Gabriel Poesia and Robert X. D. Hawkins and Dorsa Sadigh and Noah D. Goodman [bib]
  
  

• Inquisitive Question Generation for High Level Text Comprehension ,
  by Wei{-}Jen Ko and Te{-}Yuan Chen and Yiyan Huang and Greg Durrett and Junyi Jessy Li [bib]
  
  

• Multi-hop Question Generation with Graph Convolutional Network ,
  by Dan Su and Yan Xu and Wenliang Dai and Ziwei Ji and Tiezheng Yu and Pascale Fung [bib]
  
  

• Tell Me How to Ask Again: Question Data Augmentation with Controllable Rewriting in Continuous Space ,
  by Dayiheng Liu and Yeyun Gong and Jie Fu and Yu Yan and Jiusheng Chen and Jiancheng Lv and Nan Duan and Ming Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Diversify Question Generation with Continuous Content Selectors and Question Type Modeling ,
  by Zhen Wang and Siwei Rao and Jie Zhang and Zhen Qin and Guangjian Tian and Jun Wang [bib]
  
  

• PathQG: Neural Question Generation from Facts ,
  by Siyuan Wang and Zhongyu Wei and Zhihao Fan and Zengfeng Huang and Weijian Sun and Qi Zhang and Xuanjing Huang [bib]
  
  

• Regularization of Distinct Strategies for Unsupervised Question Generation ,
  by Junmo Kang and Giwon Hong and Haritz Puerto San Roman and Sung{-}Hyon Myaeng [bib]
  
  

• Generating Questions for Knowledge Bases via Incorporating Diversified Contexts and Answer-Aware Loss ,
  by Cao Liu and Kang Liu and Shizhu He and Zaiqing Nie and Jun Zhao [bib]
  
  

• Mixture Content Selection for Diverse Sequence Generation ,
  by Jaemin Cho and Min Joon Seo and Hannaneh Hajishirzi [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Ask for Conversational Machine Learning ,
  by Shashank Srivastava and Igor Labutov and Tom M. Mitchell [bib]
  
  

• Sunny and Dark Outside?! Improving Answer Consistency in VQA through Entailed Question Generation ,
  by Arijit Ray and Karan Sikka and Ajay Divakaran and Stefan Lee and Giedrius Burachas [bib]
  
  

• FlowSeq: Non-Autoregressive Conditional Sequence Generation with Generative Flow ,
  by Xuezhe Ma and Chunting Zhou and Xian Li and Graham Neubig and Eduard H. Hovy [bib]
  
  

• Question-type Driven Question Generation ,
  by Wenjie Zhou and Minghua Zhang and Yunfang Wu [bib]
  
  

• Let's Ask Again: Refine Network for Automatic Question Generation ,
  by Preksha Nema and Akash Kumar Mohankumar and Mitesh M. Khapra and Balaji Vasan Srinivasan and Balaraman Ravindran [bib]
  
  

• Multi-Task Learning with Language Modeling for Question Generation ,
  by Wenjie Zhou and Minghua Zhang and Yunfang Wu [bib]
  
  

• Addressing Semantic Drift in Question Generation for Semi-Supervised Question Answering ,
  by Shiyue Zhang and Mohit Bansal [bib]
  
  

• Improving Question Generation With to the Point Context ,
  by Jingjing Li and Yifan Gao and Lidong Bing and Irwin King and Michael R. Lyu [bib]
  
  

• Answer-guided and Semantic Coherent Question Generation in Open-domain Conversation ,
  by Weichao Wang and Shi Feng and Daling Wang and Yifei Zhang [bib]
  
  

• Multimodal Differential Network for Visual Question Generation ,
  by Badri Narayana Patro and Sandeep Kumar and Vinod Kumar Kurmi and Vinay P. Namboodiri [bib]
  
  

• Question Generation from SQL Queries Improves Neural Semantic Parsing ,
  by Daya Guo and Yibo Sun and Duyu Tang and Nan Duan and Jian Yin and Hong Chi and James Cao and Peng Chen and Ming Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Paragraph-level Neural Question Generation with Maxout Pointer and Gated Self-attention Networks ,
  by Yao Zhao and Xiaochuan Ni and Yuanyuan Ding and Qifa Ke [bib]
  
  

• Identifying Where to Focus in Reading Comprehension for Neural Question Generation ,
  by Xinya Du and Claire Cardie [bib]
  
  

NAACL

• Ask what's missing and what's useful: Improving Clarification Question Generation using Global Knowledge ,
  by Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder and Sudha Rao and Michel Galley and Julian J. McAuley [bib]
  
  

• Unsupervised Multi-hop Question Answering by Question Generation ,
  by Liangming Pan and Wenhu Chen and Wenhan Xiong and Min{-}Yen Kan and William Yang Wang [bib]
  
  

• Answer-based Adversarial Training for Generating Clarification Questions ,
  by Sudha Rao and Hal Daum{'{e}} III [bib]
  
  

• Beyond task success: A closer look at jointly learning to see, ask, and GuessWhat ,
  by Ravi Shekhar and Aashish Venkatesh and Tim Baumg{"{a}}rtner and Elia Bruni and Barbara Plank and Raffaella Bernardi and Raquel Fern{'{a}}ndez [bib]
  
  

• Evaluating Rewards for Question Generation Models ,
  by Tom Hosking and Sebastian Riedel [bib]
  
  

• Zero-Shot Question Generation from Knowledge Graphs for Unseen Predicates and Entity Types ,
  by Hady ElSahar and Christophe Gravier and Fr{'{e}}d{'{e}}rique Laforest [bib]
  
  

• A Semantic Role-based Approach to Open-Domain Automatic Question Generation ,
  by Michael Flor and Brian Riordan [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Collaborate for Question Answering and Asking ,
  by Duyu Tang and Nan Duan and Zhao Yan and Zhirui Zhang and Yibo Sun and Shujie Liu and Yuanhua Lv and Ming Zhou [bib]
  
  

• Leveraging Context Information for Natural Question Generation ,
  by Linfeng Song and Zhiguo Wang and Wael Hamza and Yue Zhang and Daniel Gildea [bib]
  
  

• Self-Training for Jointly Learning to Ask and Answer Questions ,
  by Mrinmaya Sachan and Eric P. Xing [bib]
  
  

• RevUP: Automatic Gap-Fill Question Generation from Educational Texts ,
  by Girish Kumar and Rafael E. Banchs and Luis Fernando D'Haro [bib]
  
  

• Mind the Gap: Learning to Choose Gaps for Question Generation ,
  by Lee Becker and Sumit Basu and Lucy Vanderwende [bib]
  
  

• Good Question! Statistical Ranking for Question Generation ,
  by Michael Heilman and Noah A. Smith [bib]
  
  

COLING

• Knowledge-enriched, Type-constrained and Grammar-guided Question Generation over Knowledge Bases ,
  by Sheng Bi and Xiya Cheng and Yuan{-}Fang Li and Yongzhen Wang and Guilin Qi [bib]
  
  

• Answer-driven Deep Question Generation based on Reinforcement Learning ,
  by Liuyin Wang and Zihan Xu and Zibo Lin and Haitao Zheng and Ying Shen [bib]
  
  

• Ask to Learn: A Study on Curiosity-driven Question Generation ,
  by Thomas Scialom and Jacopo Staiano [bib]
  
  

• Reinforced Multi-task Approach for Multi-hop Question Generation ,
  by Deepak Gupta and Hardik Chauhan and Ravi Tej Akella and Asif Ekbal and Pushpak Bhattacharyya [bib]
  
  

• A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Natural Question Generation using Bi-discriminators ,
  by Zhihao Fan and Zhongyu Wei and Siyuan Wang and Yang Liu and Xuanjing Huang [bib]
  
  

• Towards Automatic Topical Question Generation ,
  by Yllias Chali and Sadid A. Hasan [bib]
  
  

• Underspecified Query Refinement via Natural Language Question Generation ,
  by Hassan Sajjad and Patrick Pantel and Michael Gamon [bib]
  
  

• Automatic Question Generation in Multimedia-Based Learning ,
  by Yvonne Skalban and Le An Ha and Lucia Specia and Ruslan Mitkov [bib]
  
  

EACL

• ChainCQG: Flow-Aware Conversational Question Generation ,
  by Jing Gu and Mostafa Mirshekari and Zhou Yu and Aaron Sisto [bib]
  
  

• Contrastive Multi-document Question Generation ,
  by Woon Sang Cho and Yizhe Zhang and Sudha Rao and Asli Celikyilmaz and Chenyan Xiong and Jianfeng Gao and Mengdi Wang and Bill Dolan [bib]
  
  

• Expanding, Retrieving and Infilling: Diversifying Cross-Domain Question Generation with Flexible Templates ,
  by Xiaojing Yu and Anxiao Jiang [bib]
  
  

• Generating Natural Language Question-Answer Pairs from a Knowledge Graph Using a RNN Based Question Generation Model ,
  by Sathish Reddy and Dinesh Raghu and Mitesh M. Khapra and Sachindra Joshi [bib]
  
  

ICLR

• Reinforcement Learning Based Graph-to-Sequence Model for Natural Question Generation ,
  by Yu Chen and Lingfei Wu and Mohammed J. Zaki [bib]
  
  

• Large-Scale Answerer in Questioner's Mind for Visual Dialog Question Generation ,
  by Sang{-}Woo Lee and Tong Gao and Sohee Yang and Jaejun Yoo and Jung{-}Woo Ha [bib]
  
  

NeurIPS

• Question Asking as Program Generation ,
  by Anselm Rothe and Brenden M. Lake and Todd M. Gureckis [bib]
  
  

SIGIR

• Learning to Ask Appropriate Questions in Conversational Recommendation ,
  by Xuhui Ren and Hongzhi Yin and Tong Chen and Hao Wang and Zi Huang and Kai Zheng [bib]
  
  

AAAI

• EQG-RACE: Examination-Type Question Generation ,
  by Xin Jia and Wenjie Zhou and Xu Sun and Yunfang Wu [bib]
  
  

• Entity Guided Question Generation with Contextual Structure and Sequence Information Capturing ,
  by Qingbao Huang and Mingyi Fu and Linzhang Mo and Yi Cai and Jingyun Xu and Pijian Li and Qing Li and Ho{-}fung Leung [bib]
  
  

• Knowledge-Driven Distractor Generation for Cloze-Style Multiple Choice Questions ,
  by Siyu Ren and Kenny Q. Zhu [bib]
  
  

• Capturing Greater Context for Question Generation ,
  by Luu Anh Tuan and Darsh J. Shah and Regina Barzilay [bib]
  
  

• Improving Question Generation with Sentence-Level Semantic Matching and Answer Position Inferring ,
  by Xiyao Ma and Qile Zhu and Yanlin Zhou and Xiaolin Li [bib]
  
  

• Neural Question Generation with Answer Pivot ,
  by Bingning Wang and Xiaochuan Wang and Ting Tao and Qi Zhang and Jingfang Xu [bib]
  
  

• Visual Dialogue State Tracking for Question Generation ,
  by Wei Pang and Xiaojie Wang [bib]
  
  

• Improving Neural Question Generation Using Answer Separation ,
  by Yanghoon Kim and Hwanhee Lee and Joongbo Shin and Kyomin Jung [bib]
  
  

• A Multi-Agent Communication Framework for Question-Worthy Phrase Extraction and Question Generation ,
  by Siyuan Wang and Zhongyu Wei and Zhihao Fan and Yang Liu and Xuanjing Huang [bib]
  
  

IJCAI

• Difficulty Controllable Generation of Reading Comprehension Questions ,
  by Yifan Gao and Lidong Bing and Wang Chen and Michael R. Lyu and Irwin King [bib]
  
  

• Weak Supervision Enhanced Generative Network for Question Generation ,
  by Yutong Wang and Jiyuan Zheng and Qijiong Liu and Zhou Zhao and Jun Xiao and Yueting Zhuang [bib]
  
  

• A Question Type Driven Framework to Diversify Visual Question Generation ,
  by Zhihao Fan and Zhongyu Wei and Piji Li and Yanyan Lan and Xuanjing Huang [bib]
  
  

• Teaching Machines to Ask Questions ,
  by Kaichun Yao and Libo Zhang and Tiejian Luo and Lili Tao and Yanjun Wu [bib]
  
  

WWW

• Quiz-Style Question Generation for News Stories ,
  by {'{A}}d{'{a}}m D. Lelkes and Vinh Q. Tran and Cong Yu [bib]
  
  

• Diverse and Specific Clarification Question Generation with Keywords ,
  by Zhiling Zhang and Kenny Q. Zhu [bib]
  
  

CVPR

• What's to Know? Uncertainty as a Guide to Asking Goal-Oriented Questions ,
  by Ehsan Abbasnejad and Qi Wu and Qinfeng Shi and Anton van den Hengel [bib]
  
  

• Information Maximizing Visual Question Generation ,
  by Ranjay Krishna and Michael Bernstein and Li Fei{-}Fei [bib]
  
  

• Creativity: Generating Diverse Questions Using Variational Autoencoders ,
  by Unnat Jain and Ziyu Zhang and Alexander G. Schwing [bib]
  
  

ISWC

• Difficulty-Controllable Multi-hop Question Generation from Knowledge Graphs ,
  by Vishwajeet Kumar and Yuncheng Hua and Ganesh Ramakrishnan and Guilin Qi and Lianli Gao and Yuan{-}Fang Li [bib]
  
  

NLPCC

• A Neural Question Generation System Based on Knowledge Base ,
  by Hao Wang and Xiaodong Zhang and Houfeng Wang [bib]
  
  

ECAI

• Semantics-Reinforced Networks for Question Generation ,
  by Zhuang Liu and Kaiyu Huang and Degen Huang and Jun Zhao [bib]
  
  

SLaTE

• Automatic question generation and answer judging: a q&a game for language learning ,
  by Yushi Xu and Anna Goldie and Stephanie Seneff [bib]
  
  

ENLG

• Generating Natural Language Questions to Support Learning On-Line ,
  by David Lindberg and Fred Popowich and John C. Nesbit and Philip H. Winne [bib]
  
  

TNNLS

• Radial Graph Convolutional Network for Visual Question Generation ,
  by Xing Xu and Tan Wang and Yang Yang and Alan Hanjalic and Heng Tao Shen [bib]
  
  

RPTEL

• Automatic Question Generation and Answer Assessment: A Survey ,
  by Bidyut Das and Mukta Majumder and Santanu Phadikar and Arif Ahmed Sekh [bib]
  
  

IJRCAR

• A systematic review of automatic question generation for educational purposes ,
  by Kurdi, Ghader, Leo, Jared, Parsia, Bijan, Sattler, Uli and Al-Emari, Salam [bib]
  
  

arXiv

• ASQ: Automatically Generating Question-Answer Pairs using AMRs ,
  by Geetanjali Rakshit and Jeffrey Flanigan [bib]
  
  

• Unified Questioner Transformer for Descriptive Question Generation in Goal-Oriented Visual Dialogue ,
  by Shoya Matsumori and Kosuke Shingyouchi and Yuki Abe and Yosuke Fukuchi and Komei Sugiura and Michita Imai [bib]
  
  

• Toward Subgraph Guided Knowledge Graph Question Generation with Graph Neural Networks ,
  by Yu Chen and Lingfei Wu and Mohammed J. Zaki [bib]
  
  

• Recent Advances in Neural Question Generation ,
  by Liangming Pan and Wenqiang Lei and Tat{-}Seng Chua and Min{-}Yen Kan [bib]
  
  

• Learning to Generate Questions by Learning What not to Generate ,
  by Bang Liu and Mingjun Zhao and Di Niu and Kunfeng Lai and Yancheng He and Haojie Wei and Yu Xu [bib]
  
  

• A Joint Model for Question Answering and Question Generation ,
  by Tong Wang and Xingdi Yuan and Adam Trischler [bib]
  
  

• Question Answering and Question Generation as Dual Tasks ,
  by Duyu Tang and Nan Duan and Tao Qin and Ming Zhou [bib]
  
  

• A Syntactic Approach to Domain-Specific Automatic Question Generation ,
  by Guy Danon and Mark Last [bib]