diff --git a/executor/src/transactions.rs b/executor/src/transactions.rs
index ea8cd39..3897709 100644
--- a/executor/src/transactions.rs
+++ b/executor/src/transactions.rs
@@ -809,7 +809,8 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
         alt: Option<AltInfo>,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<Option<OngoingTransaction>> {
         let chain_id = get_chain_id(&tx_data.envelope.tx);
-        let tx_hash = tx_data.envelope.tx_hash();
+        let tx_hash = *tx_data.envelope.tx_hash();
+        let mut tx_data = tx_data;
         let mut iter_info = match iter_info {
             Some(iter_info) if iter_info.is_finished() => {
                 tracing::debug!(%tx_hash, "iterations finished");
@@ -817,25 +818,7 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
             }
             Some(info) => info,
             None => {
-                let build_tx = |iter_info: &mut IterInfo| {
-                    let mut txs = Vec::new();
-                    while !iter_info.is_finished() {
-                        let ix = self.build_step(BuildStep::collect(
-                            from_data,
-                            iter_info,
-                            &tx_data,
-                            *holder.pubkey(),
-                        ))?;
-                        txs.push(Transaction::new_with_payer(
-                            &with_budget(ix, MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS),
-                            Some(&self.pubkey()),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                    Ok(txs)
-                };
-
-                self.emulator
-                    .calculate_iterations(tx_hash, &tx_data.emulate, build_tx)
+                self.prepare_iterations(&mut tx_data, *holder.pubkey(), from_data)
                     .await?
             }
         };
@@ -860,6 +843,56 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
             .map(Some)
     }
 
+    async fn prepare_iterations(
+        &self,
+        tx_data: &mut TxData,
+        holder: Pubkey,
+        from_data: bool,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<IterInfo> {
+        // This is a huge number just to make sure we do not get stuck
+        // in an infinite missing accouunt error.
+        const SIMULATE_RETRIES: usize = 20;
+
+        let tx_hash = *tx_data.envelope.tx_hash();
+        for attempt in 0..SIMULATE_RETRIES {
+            let build_tx = |iter_info: &mut IterInfo| {
+                let mut txs = Vec::new();
+                while !iter_info.is_finished() {
+                    let ix =
+                        self.build_step(BuildStep::collect(from_data, iter_info, tx_data, holder))?;
+                    txs.push(Transaction::new_with_payer(
+                        &with_budget(ix, MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS),
+                        Some(&self.pubkey()),
+                    ));
+                }
+                Ok(txs)
+            };
+
+            match self
+                .emulator
+                .calculate_iterations(&tx_hash, &tx_data.emulate, build_tx)
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(info) => return Ok(info),
+                Err(emulator::Error::MissingAccount(pubkey)) => {
+                    tracing::debug!(%tx_hash, ?pubkey, attempt, "adding missing account");
+                    tx_data.emulate.solana_accounts.push(NeonSolanaAccount {
+                        pubkey,
+                        is_writable: true,
+                        is_legacy: false,
+                    })
+                }
+                Err(emulator::Error::Other(err)) => return Err(err),
+            }
+        }
+        let iter_info = self.emulator.default_iter_info(&tx_data.emulate);
+        tracing::warn!(
+            %tx_hash, ?iter_info,
+            "selected default iter info after {SIMULATE_RETRIES} unsuccessful attempts"
+        );
+        Ok(iter_info)
+    }
+
     async fn recovered_step(
         &self,
         tx_hash: B256,
diff --git a/executor/src/transactions/emulator.rs b/executor/src/transactions/emulator.rs
index f190e61..4a09340 100644
--- a/executor/src/transactions/emulator.rs
+++ b/executor/src/transactions/emulator.rs
@@ -11,12 +11,23 @@ use rust_decimal_macros::dec;
 use solana_sdk::instruction::{Instruction, InstructionError};
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use solana_sdk::transaction::{Transaction, TransactionError};
+use thiserror::Error;
 
 use common::convert::ToNeon;
 use neon_api::{NeonApi, SimulateConfig};
 
+use crate::transactions::preflight_error::try_extract_missing_account;
+
 use super::{MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS, MAX_HEAP_SIZE};
 
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub(super) enum Error {
+    #[error("missing account: {0}")]
+    MissingAccount(Pubkey),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Other(#[from] anyhow::Error),
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(super) struct IterInfo {
     step_count: u32,
@@ -158,7 +169,7 @@ impl Emulator {
         tx_hash: &B256,
         emulate: &EmulateResponse,
         f: impl FnMut(&mut IterInfo) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<Transaction>>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<IterInfo> {
+    ) -> Result<IterInfo, Error> {
         const RETRIES: usize = 10;
 
         let mut f = f;
@@ -177,8 +188,6 @@ impl Emulator {
                 break;
             }
 
-            // let exec_iter =
-            //     (total_steps / iter_steps) + if total_steps % iter_steps > 1 { 1 } else { 0 };
             let iterations = exec_iter + wrap_iter;
             tracing::debug!(%tx_hash, iter_steps, total_steps, iterations, "testing iter_info");
 
@@ -194,6 +203,14 @@ impl Emulator {
                 tracing::debug!(%tx_hash, try_idx = retry, "simulation errored");
                 for (tx_idx, res) in res.iter().enumerate() {
                     tracing::debug!(%tx_hash, tx_idx, try_idx = retry, ?res, "simulation report");
+                    if let Some(key) = res
+                        .logs
+                        .iter()
+                        .rev()
+                        .find_map(|log| try_extract_missing_account(log))
+                    {
+                        return Err(Error::MissingAccount(key));
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -213,15 +230,6 @@ impl Emulator {
                 return Ok(iter_info);
             }
 
-            // let ratio = dec!(0.9).min(
-            //     Decimal::from(max_cu_limit)
-            //         .checked_div(used_cu_limit.into())
-            //         .unwrap_or(Decimal::MAX),
-            // );
-            // iter_steps = self
-            //     .evm_steps_min
-            //     .load(Relaxed)
-            //     .max(ratio.saturating_mul(iter_steps.into()).try_into()?);
             exec_iter += 1;
             iter_steps =
                 (total_steps / exec_iter) + if total_steps % exec_iter > 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
diff --git a/executor/src/transactions/preflight_error.rs b/executor/src/transactions/preflight_error.rs
index d7794f3..ae221b1 100644
--- a/executor/src/transactions/preflight_error.rs
+++ b/executor/src/transactions/preflight_error.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn extract_transaction_err(err: &ClientErrorKind) -> Option<&TransactionError> {
     }
 }
 
-fn try_extract_missing_account(log: &str) -> Option<Pubkey> {
+pub fn try_extract_missing_account(log: &str) -> Option<Pubkey> {
     let log = log.strip_prefix("Program log: panicked at 'address ")?;
     let end = log.find(" must be present in the transaction'")?;
     log[0..end].parse().ok()