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Lab9-BA.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="author" content="Berent Aldikacti" />
<meta name="date" content="2020-12-03" />
<title>Lab 9 - Programming in R - Regular Expressions</title>
<style type="text/css">
a.anchor-section {margin-left: 10px; visibility: hidden; color: inherit;}
a.anchor-section::before {content: '#';}
.hasAnchor:hover a.anchor-section {visibility: visible;}
</style>
<script>// Anchor sections v1.0 written by Atsushi Yasumoto on Oct 3rd, 2020.
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
// Do nothing if AnchorJS is used
if (typeof window.anchors === 'object' && anchors.hasOwnProperty('hasAnchorJSLink')) {
return;
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const h = document.querySelectorAll('h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6');
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return null;
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// Use section id when pandoc runs with --section-divs
const section_id = function(x) {
return ((x.classList.contains('section') || (x.tagName === 'SECTION'))
? x.id : '');
};
// Add anchors
h.forEach(function(x) {
const id = x.id || section_id(x.parentElement);
if (id === '') {
return null;
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let anchor = document.createElement('a');
anchor.href = '#' + id;
anchor.classList = ['anchor-section'];
x.classList.add('hasAnchor');
x.appendChild(anchor);
});
});
</script>
<script>(function() {
// If window.HTMLWidgets is already defined, then use it; otherwise create a
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// initialization process (though none currently exist).
window.HTMLWidgets = window.HTMLWidgets || {};
// See if we're running in a viewer pane. If not, we're in a web browser.
var viewerMode = window.HTMLWidgets.viewerMode =
/\bviewer_pane=1\b/.test(window.location);
// See if we're running in Shiny mode. If not, it's a static document.
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var shinyMode = window.HTMLWidgets.shinyMode =
typeof(window.Shiny) !== "undefined" && !!window.Shiny.outputBindings;
// We can't count on jQuery being available, so we implement our own
// version if necessary.
function querySelectorAll(scope, selector) {
if (typeof(jQuery) !== "undefined" && scope instanceof jQuery) {
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}
if (scope.querySelectorAll) {
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//
// The output would be "b1", "a2".
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// Implement a vague facsimilie of jQuery's data method
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el["htmlwidget_data_" + name] = value;
return el;
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arguments.length);
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// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3446170/escape-string-for-use-in-javascript-regex
function escapeRegExp(str) {
return str.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g, "\\$&");
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function hasClass(el, className) {
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}
// elements - array (or array-like object) of HTML elements
// className - class name to test for
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function filterByClass(elements, className, include) {
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results.push(elements[i]);
}
return results;
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function on(obj, eventName, func) {
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// Translate array of values to top/right/bottom/left, as usual with
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if (typeof(x) === "number")
return x + "px";
else
return x;
}
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// defaultWidth, defaultHeight fields.
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return sp.browser;
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function evalAndRun(tasks, target, args) {
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throw new Error("Task must be a function! Source:\n" + task);
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taskFunc.apply(target, theseArgs);
});
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try {
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throw error;
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throw error;
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if (sizing.fill) {
document.body.style.overflow = "hidden";
document.body.style.width = "100%";
document.body.style.height = "100%";
document.documentElement.style.width = "100%";
document.documentElement.style.height = "100%";
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cel.style.position = "absolute";
var pad = unpackPadding(sizing.padding);
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cel.style.left = pad.left + "px";
el.style.width = "100%";
el.style.height = "100%";
}
return {
getWidth: function() { return cel.offsetWidth; },
getHeight: function() { return cel.offsetHeight; }
};
} else {
el.style.width = px(sizing.width);
el.style.height = px(sizing.height);
return {
getWidth: function() { return el.offsetWidth; },
getHeight: function() { return el.offsetHeight; }
};
}
}
// Default implementations for methods
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find: function(scope) {
return querySelectorAll(scope, "." + this.name);
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this.clearError(el);
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.css("top", el.offsetTop)
.css("left", el.offsetLeft)
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.css("maxWidth", el.offsetWidth)
.css("height", el.offsetHeight);
errorDiv.text(err.message);
$el.after(errorDiv);
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// the parent element as the window is resized or whatever.
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if (!errorDiv[0].parentElement) {
clearInterval(intId);
return;
}
errorDiv
.css("top", el.offsetTop)
.css("left", el.offsetLeft)
.css("maxWidth", el.offsetWidth)
.css("height", el.offsetHeight);
}, 500);
}
}
},
clearError: function(el) {
var $el = $(el);
var display = $el.data("restore-display-mode");
$el.data("restore-display-mode", null);
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if (display)
$el.css("display", display);
$(el.nextSibling).filter(".htmlwidgets-error").remove();
} else if (display === "block"){
$el.css("visibility", "inherit");
$(el.nextSibling).filter(".htmlwidgets-error").remove();
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},
sizing: {}
};
// Called by widget bindings to register a new type of widget. The definition
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// value to renderValue.
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// element, as the data changes.
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throw new Error("Unrecognized widget type '" + definition.type + "'");
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// which returns an object that has renderValue(x) and resize(w, h).
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// instance fields or functional-style closure variables (I guess this
// is in contrast to what can only be called C-style pseudo-OO which is
// what we required before).
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}
if (!definition.renderValue) {
throw new Error("Widget must have a renderValue function");
}
// For static rendering (non-Shiny), use a simple widget registration
// scheme. We also use this scheme for Shiny apps/documents that also
// contain static widgets.
window.HTMLWidgets.widgets = window.HTMLWidgets.widgets || [];
// Merge defaults into the definition; don't mutate the original definition.
var staticBinding = extend({}, defaults, definition);
overrideMethod(staticBinding, "find", function(superfunc) {
return function(scope) {
var results = superfunc(scope);
// Filter out Shiny outputs, we only want the static kind
return filterByClass(results, "html-widget-output", false);
};
});
window.HTMLWidgets.widgets.push(staticBinding);
if (shinyMode) {
// Shiny is running. Register the definition with an output binding.
// The definition itself will not be the output binding, instead
// we will make an output binding object that delegates to the
// definition. This is because we foolishly used the same method
// name (renderValue) for htmlwidgets definition and Shiny bindings
// but they actually have quite different semantics (the Shiny
// bindings receive data that includes lots of metadata that it
// strips off before calling htmlwidgets renderValue). We can't
// just ignore the difference because in some widgets it's helpful
// to call this.renderValue() from inside of resize(), and if
// we're not delegating, then that call will go to the Shiny
// version instead of the htmlwidgets version.
// Merge defaults with definition, without mutating either.
var bindingDef = extend({}, defaults, definition);
// This object will be our actual Shiny binding.
var shinyBinding = new Shiny.OutputBinding();
// With a few exceptions, we'll want to simply use the bindingDef's
// version of methods if they are available, otherwise fall back to
// Shiny's defaults. NOTE: If Shiny's output bindings gain additional
// methods in the future, and we want them to be overrideable by
// HTMLWidget binding definitions, then we'll need to add them to this
// list.
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "getId");
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "onValueChange");
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "onValueError");
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "renderError");
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "clearError");
delegateMethod(shinyBinding, bindingDef, "showProgress");
// The find, renderValue, and resize are handled differently, because we
// want to actually decorate the behavior of the bindingDef methods.
shinyBinding.find = function(scope) {
var results = bindingDef.find(scope);
// Only return elements that are Shiny outputs, not static ones
var dynamicResults = results.filter(".html-widget-output");
// It's possible that whatever caused Shiny to think there might be
// new dynamic outputs, also caused there to be new static outputs.
// Since there might be lots of different htmlwidgets bindings, we
// schedule execution for later--no need to staticRender multiple
// times.
if (results.length !== dynamicResults.length)
scheduleStaticRender();
return dynamicResults;
};
// Wrap renderValue to handle initialization, which unfortunately isn't
// supported natively by Shiny at the time of this writing.
shinyBinding.renderValue = function(el, data) {
Shiny.renderDependencies(data.deps);
// Resolve strings marked as javascript literals to objects
if (!(data.evals instanceof Array)) data.evals = [data.evals];
for (var i = 0; data.evals && i < data.evals.length; i++) {
window.HTMLWidgets.evaluateStringMember(data.x, data.evals[i]);
}
if (!bindingDef.renderOnNullValue) {
if (data.x === null) {
el.style.visibility = "hidden";
return;
} else {
el.style.visibility = "inherit";
}
}
if (!elementData(el, "initialized")) {
initSizing(el);
elementData(el, "initialized", true);
if (bindingDef.initialize) {
var result = bindingDef.initialize(el, el.offsetWidth,
el.offsetHeight);
elementData(el, "init_result", result);
}
}
bindingDef.renderValue(el, data.x, elementData(el, "init_result"));
evalAndRun(data.jsHooks.render, elementData(el, "init_result"), [el, data.x]);
};
// Only override resize if bindingDef implements it
if (bindingDef.resize) {
shinyBinding.resize = function(el, width, height) {
// Shiny can call resize before initialize/renderValue have been
// called, which doesn't make sense for widgets.
if (elementData(el, "initialized")) {
bindingDef.resize(el, width, height, elementData(el, "init_result"));
}
};
}
Shiny.outputBindings.register(shinyBinding, bindingDef.name);
}
};
var scheduleStaticRenderTimerId = null;
function scheduleStaticRender() {
if (!scheduleStaticRenderTimerId) {
scheduleStaticRenderTimerId = setTimeout(function() {
scheduleStaticRenderTimerId = null;
window.HTMLWidgets.staticRender();
}, 1);
}
}
// Render static widgets after the document finishes loading
// Statically render all elements that are of this widget's class
window.HTMLWidgets.staticRender = function() {
var bindings = window.HTMLWidgets.widgets || [];
forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
var matches = binding.find(document.documentElement);
forEach(matches, function(el) {
var sizeObj = initSizing(el, binding);
if (hasClass(el, "html-widget-static-bound"))
return;
el.className = el.className + " html-widget-static-bound";
var initResult;
if (binding.initialize) {
initResult = binding.initialize(el,
sizeObj ? sizeObj.getWidth() : el.offsetWidth,
sizeObj ? sizeObj.getHeight() : el.offsetHeight
);
elementData(el, "init_result", initResult);
}
if (binding.resize) {
var lastSize = {
w: sizeObj ? sizeObj.getWidth() : el.offsetWidth,
h: sizeObj ? sizeObj.getHeight() : el.offsetHeight
};
var resizeHandler = function(e) {
var size = {
w: sizeObj ? sizeObj.getWidth() : el.offsetWidth,
h: sizeObj ? sizeObj.getHeight() : el.offsetHeight
};
if (size.w === 0 && size.h === 0)
return;
if (size.w === lastSize.w && size.h === lastSize.h)
return;
lastSize = size;
binding.resize(el, size.w, size.h, initResult);
};
on(window, "resize", resizeHandler);
// This is needed for cases where we're running in a Shiny
// app, but the widget itself is not a Shiny output, but
// rather a simple static widget. One example of this is
// an rmarkdown document that has runtime:shiny and widget
// that isn't in a render function. Shiny only knows to
// call resize handlers for Shiny outputs, not for static
// widgets, so we do it ourselves.
if (window.jQuery) {
window.jQuery(document).on(
"shown.htmlwidgets shown.bs.tab.htmlwidgets shown.bs.collapse.htmlwidgets",
resizeHandler
);
window.jQuery(document).on(
"hidden.htmlwidgets hidden.bs.tab.htmlwidgets hidden.bs.collapse.htmlwidgets",
resizeHandler
);
}
// This is needed for the specific case of ioslides, which
// flips slides between display:none and display:block.
// Ideally we would not have to have ioslide-specific code
// here, but rather have ioslides raise a generic event,
// but the rmarkdown package just went to CRAN so the
// window to getting that fixed may be long.
if (window.addEventListener) {
// It's OK to limit this to window.addEventListener
// browsers because ioslides itself only supports
// such browsers.
on(document, "slideenter", resizeHandler);
on(document, "slideleave", resizeHandler);
}
}
var scriptData = document.querySelector("script[data-for='" + el.id + "'][type='application/json']");
if (scriptData) {
var data = JSON.parse(scriptData.textContent || scriptData.text);
// Resolve strings marked as javascript literals to objects
if (!(data.evals instanceof Array)) data.evals = [data.evals];
for (var k = 0; data.evals && k < data.evals.length; k++) {
window.HTMLWidgets.evaluateStringMember(data.x, data.evals[k]);
}
binding.renderValue(el, data.x, initResult);
evalAndRun(data.jsHooks.render, initResult, [el, data.x]);
}
});
});
invokePostRenderHandlers();
}
function has_jQuery3() {
if (!window.jQuery) {
return false;
}
var $version = window.jQuery.fn.jquery;
var $major_version = parseInt($version.split(".")[0]);
return $major_version >= 3;
}
/*
/ Shiny 1.4 bumped jQuery from 1.x to 3.x which means jQuery's
/ on-ready handler (i.e., $(fn)) is now asyncronous (i.e., it now
/ really means $(setTimeout(fn)).
/ https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.0/#breaking-change-document-ready-handlers-are-now-asynchronous
/
/ Since Shiny uses $() to schedule initShiny, shiny>=1.4 calls initShiny
/ one tick later than it did before, which means staticRender() is
/ called renderValue() earlier than (advanced) widget authors might be expecting.
/ https://github.com/rstudio/shiny/issues/2630
/
/ For a concrete example, leaflet has some methods (e.g., updateBounds)
/ which reference Shiny methods registered in initShiny (e.g., setInputValue).
/ Since leaflet is privy to this life-cycle, it knows to use setTimeout() to
/ delay execution of those methods (until Shiny methods are ready)
/ https://github.com/rstudio/leaflet/blob/18ec981/javascript/src/index.js#L266-L268
/
/ Ideally widget authors wouldn't need to use this setTimeout() hack that
/ leaflet uses to call Shiny methods on a staticRender(). In the long run,
/ the logic initShiny should be broken up so that method registration happens
/ right away, but binding happens later.
*/
function maybeStaticRenderLater() {
if (shinyMode && has_jQuery3()) {
window.jQuery(window.HTMLWidgets.staticRender);
} else {
window.HTMLWidgets.staticRender();
}
}
if (document.addEventListener) {
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false);
maybeStaticRenderLater();
}, false);
} else if (document.attachEvent) {
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function() {
if (document.readyState === "complete") {
document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange", arguments.callee);
maybeStaticRenderLater();
}
});
}
window.HTMLWidgets.getAttachmentUrl = function(depname, key) {
// If no key, default to the first item
if (typeof(key) === "undefined")
key = 1;
var link = document.getElementById(depname + "-" + key + "-attachment");
if (!link) {
throw new Error("Attachment " + depname + "/" + key + " not found in document");
}
return link.getAttribute("href");
};
window.HTMLWidgets.dataframeToD3 = function(df) {
var names = [];
var length;
for (var name in df) {
if (df.hasOwnProperty(name))
names.push(name);
if (typeof(df[name]) !== "object" || typeof(df[name].length) === "undefined") {
throw new Error("All fields must be arrays");
} else if (typeof(length) !== "undefined" && length !== df[name].length) {
throw new Error("All fields must be arrays of the same length");
}
length = df[name].length;
}
var results = [];
var item;
for (var row = 0; row < length; row++) {
item = {};
for (var col = 0; col < names.length; col++) {
item[names[col]] = df[names[col]][row];
}
results.push(item);
}
return results;
};
window.HTMLWidgets.transposeArray2D = function(array) {
if (array.length === 0) return array;
var newArray = array[0].map(function(col, i) {
return array.map(function(row) {
return row[i]
})
});
return newArray;
};
// Split value at splitChar, but allow splitChar to be escaped
// using escapeChar. Any other characters escaped by escapeChar
// will be included as usual (including escapeChar itself).
function splitWithEscape(value, splitChar, escapeChar) {
var results = [];
var escapeMode = false;
var currentResult = "";
for (var pos = 0; pos < value.length; pos++) {
if (!escapeMode) {
if (value[pos] === splitChar) {
results.push(currentResult);
currentResult = "";
} else if (value[pos] === escapeChar) {
escapeMode = true;
} else {
currentResult += value[pos];
}
} else {
currentResult += value[pos];
escapeMode = false;
}
}
if (currentResult !== "") {
results.push(currentResult);
}
return results;
}
// Function authored by Yihui/JJ Allaire
window.HTMLWidgets.evaluateStringMember = function(o, member) {
var parts = splitWithEscape(member, '.', '\\');
for (var i = 0, l = parts.length; i < l; i++) {
var part = parts[i];
// part may be a character or 'numeric' member name
if (o !== null && typeof o === "object" && part in o) {
if (i == (l - 1)) { // if we are at the end of the line then evalulate
if (typeof o[part] === "string")
o[part] = tryEval(o[part]);
} else { // otherwise continue to next embedded object
o = o[part];
}
}
}
};
// Retrieve the HTMLWidget instance (i.e. the return value of an
// HTMLWidget binding's initialize() or factory() function)
// associated with an element, or null if none.
window.HTMLWidgets.getInstance = function(el) {
return elementData(el, "init_result");
};
// Finds the first element in the scope that matches the selector,
// and returns the HTMLWidget instance (i.e. the return value of
// an HTMLWidget binding's initialize() or factory() function)
// associated with that element, if any. If no element matches the
// selector, or the first matching element has no HTMLWidget
// instance associated with it, then null is returned.
//
// The scope argument is optional, and defaults to window.document.
window.HTMLWidgets.find = function(scope, selector) {
if (arguments.length == 1) {
selector = scope;
scope = document;
}
var el = scope.querySelector(selector);
if (el === null) {
return null;
} else {
return window.HTMLWidgets.getInstance(el);
}
};
// Finds all elements in the scope that match the selector, and
// returns the HTMLWidget instances (i.e. the return values of
// an HTMLWidget binding's initialize() or factory() function)
// associated with the elements, in an array. If elements that
// match the selector don't have an associated HTMLWidget
// instance, the returned array will contain nulls.
//
// The scope argument is optional, and defaults to window.document.
window.HTMLWidgets.findAll = function(scope, selector) {
if (arguments.length == 1) {
selector = scope;
scope = document;
}
var nodes = scope.querySelectorAll(selector);
var results = [];
for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
results.push(window.HTMLWidgets.getInstance(nodes[i]));
}
return results;
};
var postRenderHandlers = [];
function invokePostRenderHandlers() {
while (postRenderHandlers.length) {
var handler = postRenderHandlers.shift();
if (handler) {
handler();
}
}
}
// Register the given callback function to be invoked after the
// next time static widgets are rendered.
window.HTMLWidgets.addPostRenderHandler = function(callback) {
postRenderHandlers.push(callback);
};
// Takes a new-style instance-bound definition, and returns an
// old-style class-bound definition. This saves us from having
// to rewrite all the logic in this file to accomodate both
// types of definitions.
function createLegacyDefinitionAdapter(defn) {
var result = {
name: defn.name,
type: defn.type,
initialize: function(el, width, height) {
return defn.factory(el, width, height);
},
renderValue: function(el, x, instance) {
return instance.renderValue(x);
},
resize: function(el, width, height, instance) {
return instance.resize(width, height);
}
};
if (defn.find)
result.find = defn.find;
if (defn.renderError)
result.renderError = defn.renderError;
if (defn.clearError)
result.clearError = defn.clearError;
return result;
}
})();
</script>
<style type="text/css">.str_view ul, .str_view li {
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0.5em 0;
font-family: monospace;
}
.str_view .match {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
background-color: #eee;
}
</style>
<script>HTMLWidgets.widget({
name: 'str_view',
type: 'output',
initialize: function(el, width, height) {
},
renderValue: function(el, x, instance) {
el.innerHTML = x.html;
},
resize: function(el, width, height, instance) {
}
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<style type="text/css" data-origin="pandoc">
a.sourceLine { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
a.sourceLine { pointer-events: none; color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
a.sourceLine:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }