bump MSRV to 1.83 (#16294) #41214

Job	Run time
Determine changes	12s
cargo fmt	20s
mkdocs	2m 41s
cargo build (release)	6m 55s
pre-commit	4m 29s
python package	1m 28s
cargo clippy	1m 55s
cargo fuzz build	6m 0s
cargo build (msrv)	2m 2s
benchmarks	4m 32s
cargo shear	24s
cargo test (linux)	2m 25s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 43s
cargo test (linux, release)	4m 6s
cargo test (windows)	4m 26s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	3m 27s
test scripts	1m 10s
test ruff-lsp	49s
fuzz parser	5m 52s
ecosystem	0s
	54m 56s

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