bump MSRV to 1.83 #41192

Job	Run time
cargo fmt	18s
cargo build (release)	0s
mkdocs	2m 23s
Determine changes	11s
pre-commit	3m 15s
python package	1m 17s
cargo build (msrv)	2m 35s
cargo fuzz build	4m 9s
cargo clippy	1m 47s
benchmarks	4m 16s
cargo shear	26s
cargo test (linux)	2m 2s
cargo test (linux, release)	4m 20s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 36s
cargo test (windows)	3m 45s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	3m 19s
test scripts	1m 5s
ecosystem	4m 1s
test ruff-lsp	35s
fuzz parser	5m 36s
	46m 56s

Provide feedback