diff --git a/go/arrow/float16/float16.go b/go/arrow/float16/float16.go
index 184cf9d153287..ac55a4c0318ee 100644
--- a/go/arrow/float16/float16.go
+++ b/go/arrow/float16/float16.go
@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ func (n Num) IsNaN() bool { return (n.bits & 0x7fff) > 0x7c00 }
 func (f Num) Uint16() uint16 { return f.bits }
 func (f Num) String() string { return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(f.Float32()), 'g', -1, 32) }
 
+func FromBits(src uint16) Num { return Num{bits: src} }
+
 func FromLEBytes(src []byte) Num {
 	return Num{bits: binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(src)}
 }
diff --git a/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random.go b/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random.go
index 2c8a2809dc784..6408803f0bb02 100644
--- a/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random.go
+++ b/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/array"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/bitutil"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/endian"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/float16"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/memory"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/parquet"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/parquet/pqarrow"
@@ -369,6 +370,18 @@ func randFloat64(r *rand.Rand) float64 {
 	}
 }
 
+// randFloat16 creates a random float value with a normal distribution
+// to better spread the values out and ensure we do not return any NaN or Inf values.
+func randFloat16(r *rand.Rand) float16.Num {
+	for {
+		f16 := float16.FromBits(uint16(r.Uint64n(math.MaxUint16 + 1)))
+		f64 := float64(f16.Float32())
+		if !math.IsNaN(f64) && !math.IsInf(f64, 0) {
+			return f16
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // FillRandomFloat32 populates out with random float32 values using seed as the random
 // seed for the generator to allow consistency for testing.
 func FillRandomFloat32(seed uint64, out []float32) {
@@ -387,6 +400,15 @@ func FillRandomFloat64(seed uint64, out []float64) {
 	}
 }
 
+// FillRandomFloat16 populates out with random float64 values using seed as the random
+// seed for the generator to allow consistency for testing.
+func FillRandomFloat16(seed uint64, out []float16.Num) {
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
+	for idx := range out {
+		out[idx] = randFloat16(r)
+	}
+}
+
 // FillRandomByteArray populates out with random ByteArray values with lengths between 2 and 12
 // using heap as the actual memory storage used for the bytes generated. Each element of
 // out will be some slice of the bytes in heap, and as such heap must outlive the byte array slices.
@@ -455,6 +477,8 @@ func InitValues(values interface{}, heap *memory.Buffer) {
 		FillRandomFloat32(0, arr)
 	case []float64:
 		FillRandomFloat64(0, arr)
+	case []float16.Num:
+		FillRandomFloat16(0, arr)
 	case []parquet.Int96:
 		FillRandomInt96(0, arr)
 	case []parquet.ByteArray:
diff --git a/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random_arrow.go b/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random_arrow.go
index 360b8e7476430..3585c6f71d394 100644
--- a/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random_arrow.go
+++ b/go/parquet/internal/testutils/random_arrow.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package testutils
 import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/array"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/float16"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v14/arrow/memory"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/rand"
 )
@@ -49,6 +50,13 @@ func RandomNonNull(mem memory.Allocator, dt arrow.DataType, size int) arrow.Arra
 		FillRandomFloat64(0, values)
 		bldr.AppendValues(values, nil)
 		return bldr.NewArray()
+	case arrow.FLOAT16:
+		bldr := array.NewFloat16Builder(mem)
+		defer bldr.Release()
+		values := make([]float16.Num, size)
+		FillRandomFloat16(0, values)
+		bldr.AppendValues(values, nil)
+		return bldr.NewArray()
 	case arrow.INT64:
 		bldr := array.NewInt64Builder(mem)
 		defer bldr.Release()
@@ -212,6 +220,21 @@ func RandomNullable(dt arrow.DataType, size int, numNulls int) arrow.Array {
 		values := make([]float64, size)
 		FillRandomFloat64(0, values)
 
+		valid := make([]bool, size)
+		for idx := range valid {
+			valid[idx] = true
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < numNulls; i++ {
+			valid[i*2] = false
+		}
+		bldr.AppendValues(values, valid)
+		return bldr.NewArray()
+	case arrow.FLOAT16:
+		bldr := array.NewFloat16Builder(memory.DefaultAllocator)
+		defer bldr.Release()
+		values := make([]float16.Num, size)
+		FillRandomFloat16(0, values)
+
 		valid := make([]bool, size)
 		for idx := range valid {
 			valid[idx] = true