linux.md

linux links

• Linux distributions tips

  • GNU-Linux Anatomy

    • GNU-Linux Anatomy

  • Gentoo tips

    • Gentoo Cheat Sheet

  • Arch Linux tips

    • USB flash installation medium

    dd bs=4M if=path/to/archlinux-version-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdx conv=fsync oflag=direct status=progress
    sdx replacing /dev/sdx with your drive, e.g. /dev/sdb. (Do not append a partition number, so do not use something like /dev/sdb1):

    • Arch Linux config files
    • Archlinux PKGBUILDs for Data Science, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, NLP and Computer Vision
    • Arch Linux as your Day-to-day Desktop (2020)
    • The Recommended Way To Clean The Package Cache In Arch Linux
      tl;dr

    sudo paccache -r
    sudo paccache -rk 1
    sudo pacman -Sc
    sudo pacman -Scc

    • Arch Linux first installation

      • Arch Linux Installation (2020) tl;dr don't forget to add UEFI partition at 1st installation boot/UEFI
      • Установка ArchLinux в режиме UEFI + systemd-boot + XFCE4 Часть первая
      • Установка ArchLinux в режиме UEFI + systemd-boot + XFCE4 Часть вторая
      • Установка ArchLinux в режиме UEFI + systemd-boot + XFCE4 Часть третья: Настройка XFCE tl;dr

      ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/
      ...
      lsblk
      ...
      [0:52]
      root@archiso ~ # gdisk /dev/sda
      GPT fdisk (gdisk) version ...
      ...
      [3:25]
      root@archiso ~ # timedatectl set-ntp true
      nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
      ...
      root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sdc2 /mnt
      root@archiso ~ # mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home}
      root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/boot
      ...
      root@archiso ~ # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel
      [8:00]
      ...
      root@archiso ~ # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
      root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /etc/locale.gen
      [root@archiso / ]# locale-gen
      [root@archiso / ]# hwclock --systohc --utc
      [root@archiso / ]# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime
      [root@archiso / ]# rm /etc/localtime
      [root@archiso / ]# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /etc/vconsole.conf
      [root@archiso / ]# cat /etc/vconsole.conf
      KEYMAP=ru
      FONT=cyr-sun16
      ...
      [root@archiso / ]# echo myhostname > /etc/hostname
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /etc/hosts
      [root@archiso / ]# pacman -S iw wpa_supplicant dialog wpa_actiond net_tools mc bash_completion networkmanager
      [root@archiso / ]# systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
      [root@archiso / ]# passwd
      [root@archiso / ]# useradd -m snuppy
      [root@archiso / ]# passwd snuppy
      [root@archiso / ]# usermod -G audio,games,lp,optical,video,power,scanner,storage,wheel snuppy
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /etc/sudoers
      [16:14]
      ...
      [root@archiso / ]# bootctl --path=/boot install
      Created "/boot/EFI".
      Created "/boot/systemd".
      Created "/boot/BOOT".
      Created "/boot/loader".
      Created "/boot/loader/entries".
      Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi".
      Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI".
      Created EFI boot entry "Linux Boot Manager".
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /boot/loader/loader.conf
      ...
      default arch
      [root@archiso / ]# nano /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
      [root@archiso / ]# bootctl update
      [root@archiso / ]# bootctl list
      [root@archiso / ]# mkinitcpio -p linux
      reboot

      • How to set up Systemd-boot on a new Arch Linux system

      • Dual Boot

        • Dual Boot Pop!_OS with Windows using systemd-boot
        • [SOLVED] No systemd-boot menu on dual boot Windows 10 and Arch
          • Warning: keep a copy of the original EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi to somewhere like your home directory or directly under /boot, since with this trick you might completely lose it by running bootctl install again or so
            tl;dr

          sudo -s
          cd /boot
          cp EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi EFI/Boot/BOOTX64.EFI
          cp EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
          exit

      • mkinitcpio (Русский)

        • How to stop mkinitcpio from making a fallback image [solved]

      • Image creation and activation

      • Offline installation

        • Archiso
          • Archiso offline

          mkdir -p /tmp/iso_build_dir
          cp -r /usr/share/archiso/configs/offline_releng/* /tmp/iso_build_dir/
          cd /tmp/iso_build_dir/
          echo "python" >> packages.x86_64
          echo "ripgrep" >> packages.x86_64
          echo "cntlm" >> packages.aur
          sudo rm -rf work*
          sudo ./build.sh -v
          ls -al out/archlinux-2020.03.13-x86_64.iso
          sudo dd if=out/archlinux-2020.03.13-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sde1 status=progress oflag=sync bs=4M

            + HOWTO up network see [Systemd-networkd](wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-networkd)    
            tl;dr    
            ```sh
            sudo vim /etc/systemd/network-20-wired.network
          
            [Match]
            Name=eno1
          
            [Network]
            Address=xx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx
            Gateway=xx.xxx.xxx.xxx
            DNS=xx.xx.xx.xx
            DNS=xx.xx.xx.xx
          
            systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service
            systemctl start systemd-networkd.service
            ```
          

      • Arch-Instruction.md

      • WARNING **: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus tl;dr

        export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1
        

      • add to /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf sudo blkid -s PARTUUID -o value /dev/sda2

      • [Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata: please ipdate microcode to version: 0x52 (or later)

        • Firmware Bug TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata
          • Microcode
            • Intel-ucode
            • coreboot: Fast, secure and flexible OpenSource firmware

      • install-yaourt-arch-linux

        • Yaourt is Dead! Use These Alternatives for AUR in Arch Linux

          • Yet another Yogurt - An AUR Helper written in Go
            TL;DR

          git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
          cd yay
          makepkg -si

        • The 5 Best Arch Linux AUR Helper Apps To Use

          • Octopi
            tk;dr

          git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/octopi.git
          cd octopi
          makepkg -si

      • ArchLinux Tutorial, Part 1: Basic ArchLinux Installation

      • ArchLinux Tutorial, Part 2: X Window System and I3 Installation

      • ArchLinux Tutorial, Part 3: I3 Configuration and Operation

      • How to Use Arch Linux Network Manager
        tl;dr

      sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
      sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd.service
      sudo systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service
      sudo systemctl start NetworkManager.service
      
      sudo reboot
      
      nmcli device wifi list
      nmcli device wifi connect <SSID> password <SSID_password>
      nmcli connection show
      nmcli device
      nmcli connection show
      nmcli connection up uuid <UUID>
      nmcli radio wifi off
      nmcli radio wifi on
      sudo ls /etc/NetworkManager/system-connection

      • PRIME is a technology used to manage hybrid graphics found on recent desktops and laptops
      • HP Omen systemd-boot boot menu not working
        • systemd-boot boot menu ignoring keyboard input (PS/2)
        • commit: boot: Use str_verscmp for special UEFI
        • patch: boot: Use str_verscmp for special UEFI
      • Linux: We need Tiling Desktop Environments
      • The Ultimate Guide to i3 Customization in Linux
      • i3 desktop install
      • Disabling Sleep / Hybernate / Suspend not working

      # cat ~/.config/i3/config
      # disable power saving for display
      exec --no-startup-id xset s off -dpms

      • Оконный менеджер i3
        • Incorporate nm-applet in i3 window manager
          tl;dr

        exec --no-startup-id nm-applet --sm-disable

        • [SOLVED] I3 nm-applet issue.

        ...
        
        xrandr --output LVDS1 --primary
        
        ...
        
        exec i3

      • Lock and blank screen?
        tl;dr i3lock -c 000000
      • Screen brightness
        • Control screen brightness in i3
        • How to change LCD intensivity/brightness ```sh cat /sys/class/backlight/amdgpu_bl0/actual_brightness sudo cat 8 > /sys/class/backlight/amdgpu_bl0/brightness `````
      • Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (Русский)
        tl;dr

      $ aplay -l
      
      **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
      card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: CONEXANT Analog [CONEXANT Analog]
        Subdevices: 1/1
        Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
      card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: Conexant Digital [Conexant Digital]
        Subdevices: 1/1
        Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
      card 1: JamLab [JamLab], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
        Subdevices: 1/1
        Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
      card 2: Audio [Altec Lansing XT1 - USB Audio], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
        Subdevices: 1/1
        Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
      
      Важно: Simply setting a type hw as default card is equivalent to addressing hardware directly, which leaves the device unavailable to other applications. This method is only recommended if it is a part of a more sophisticated setup ~/.asoundrc or if user deliberately wants to address sound card directly (digital output through eic958 or dedicated music server for example).
      
      For example, the last entry in this list has the card ID 2 and the device ID 0. To set this card as the default, you can either use the system-wide file /etc/asound.conf or the user-specific file ~/.asoundrc. You may have to create the file if it does not exist. Then insert the following options with the corresponding card.
      
      pcm.!default {
          type hw
          card 2
      }
      
      ctl.!default {
          type hw
          card 2
      }
      
      $ cat /etc/asound.conf
      pcm.!default {
          type hw
          card 2
      }
      
      ctl.!default {
          type hw
          card 2
      }

      • Check sound speaker by recording

      arecord -f cd test.wav
      aplay test.wav
      amixer set Master playback 1+

      • Настройка звука в Ubuntu
      • 5.11: amdgpu: Unsupported power profile mode 0 on RENOIR
      • How to Install LightDM Display Manager on Arch Linux
      • pacman db locked
        tl;dr sudo rm /var/lib/pacman/db.lck

    • ArchLinux network tips

      • Systemd-networkd
        tl;dr

      vim /etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network
      systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service
      sudo systemctl start systemctl

      • OpenSSH
      • How to install and configure NetworkManager and network-manager-applet on Arch Linux with Gnome3
        tl;dr

      lspci | grep -i net
      lsusb
      ip link
      sudo pacman -S wpa_supplicant
      sudo pacman -S wireless_tools
      sudo pacman -S networkmanager
      sudo pacman -S network-manager-applet
      sudo pacman -S gnome-keyring
      sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
      sudo systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service
      sudo systemctl start wpa_supplicant.service
      sudo systemctl start NetworkManager.service

    • 2 video cards iGPU & dGPU and external monitor

      • PRIME Render Offload в Arch и Manjaro Linux
        tl;dr /etc/X11/xorg.conf

      Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "Layout0"
          Option         "AllowNVIDIAGPUScreens"
          #Screen      0  "iGPU" 0 0
          Screen      0  "dGPU" 0 0
      EndSection
      Section "Device"
          Identifier     "iGPU"
          Driver         "modesetting"
          BusID          "PCI:6:0:0" #Проверить свой BusID
      EndSection
      Section "Device"
          Identifier     "dGPU"
          Driver         "nvidia"
          BusID          "PCI:1:0:0" #Проверить свой BusID
      EndSection
      #Section "Screen"
      #    Identifier     "iGPU"
      #    Device         "iGPU"
      #    DefaultDepth    24
      #    SubSection     "Display"
      #        Viewport    0 0
      #    EndSubSection
      #EndSection
      
      Section "Screen"
          Identifier     "dGPU"
          Device         "dGPU"
          DefaultDepth    24
          SubSection     "Display"
              Viewport    0 0
          EndSubSection
      EndSection
      
      Section "OutputClass"
          Identifier "iGPU"
          MatchDriver "i915"
          Driver "modesetting"
      EndSection
      
      Section "OutputClass"
          Identifier "dGPU"
          MatchDriver "nvidia-drm"
          Driver "nvidia"
          Option "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration"
          Option "PrimaryGPU" "yes"
          ModulePath "/usr/lib/nvidia/xorg"
          ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
      EndSection
      

      nvidia-settings
      xrandr --listproviders
      glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer"
      prime-run glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer
      __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia glxinfo | grep OpenGL

      • PRIME
      • Multihead
      • Dual monitor setup

    • do nothing when laptop lid is closed tl;dr edit /etc/systemd/logind.conf

    ...
    #HandleLidSwitch=suspend
    HandleLidSwitch=ignore
    #HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=suspend
    HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=ignore
    ...
    

    sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind

    • Arch migration
      • Migrate installation to new hardware
      • Disk cloning
      • System Tar Restore - Feature-rich Backup Script for Linux
      • xlockmore can't find fonts to display messages
    • Arch Linux survival tips
      • USB flash installation media
        tl;dr sh dd bs=4M if=path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress oflag=sync
      • surviving after systemd-boot crash
        • Arch wont boot from USB on laptop
        • Pacman error: /etc/mtab doesn't exist
        • systemd-boot
        • Installing Arch Linux : systemd-boot (reinstall)
          tl;dr

        boot from flash
        mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 # where EFI is to be reinstalled
        mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
        mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
        #mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/home
        arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
        bootctl install
        vim /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf:
        
        title Arch Linux
        linux /vmlinuz-linux
        initrd  /initramfs-linux.img
        options root=/dev/sda2 rw
        vim /etc/fstab # for changed UUID of /dev/sda1

        • Arch Linux: Reinstall all broken packages after poweroff during system upgrade tl;dr

        sudo pacman -Qk 2> /dev/null | grep -v ' 0 missing files'
        sudo pacman -Qk 2> /dev/null | grep -v ' 0 файлов не хватает'
        sudo pacman -S libx11 --overwrite='*'

        • [SOLVED] no keyboard nor mouse after starting X running i3 and polybar tl;dr

        sudo pacman -S xf86-input-libinput --overwrite='*'

      • GRUB tips
        • while booting type e (stands for edit)
        • add systemd.unit = resque.target in linux boot menu
        • set correct time to avoid https certificate problemshttps://habr.com/ru/company/yandex/blog/438864/

        ntpdate ntp3.stratum2.ru

    • Arch Linux Installation guide
      • Installing Arch Linux on a USB key
    • Arch Linux Set timezone

      timedatectl status
      timedatectl list-timezones
      timedatectl set-timezone Zone/SubZone

    • Arch Linux SSH keys
    • Arch Linux AUR
    • How to install Yaourt on Arch Linux
    • Ignore A Package From Being Upgraded In Arch Linux
      tl;dr

     Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup
     #IgnorePkg   =
     IgnorePkg   = linux linux-headers linux-firmware linux-lts gcc gcc-libs gcc-fortran nvidia cuda virtualbox-host-modules-arch
     IgnoreGroup =

    tl;dr downgrade to gcc-6.3.1 from gcc-7.1.1

    sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf
    pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/gcc-6.3.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz /var/cache/pacman/pkg/gcc-libs-6.3.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz /var/cache/pacman/pkg/gcc-fortran-6.3.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz

    pacman -S grub
    pacman -S vim gvim
    pacman -S os-prober
    pacman -S bash-completion
    pacman -S gnome build-base base-devel scons python-pip python2-pip python-yaml qt5 wayland gdm python2 python mc gdb cgdb
    pacman -S chromium 
    pacman -S konsole
    pacman -S git
    pacman -S extra/keychain
    pacman -S openssh
    pacman -S gconf
    pacman -S hunspell-en
    pacman -S rsync
    pacman -S extra/emacs
    pacman -S texlive
    pacman -S texlive-bin
    pacman -S texlive-core
    pacman -S extra/texlive-fontsextra
    pacman -S texlive-most
    pacman -S texlive-lang
    pacman -S pandoc
    pacman -S qt extra/qt5-declarative
    pacman -S community/netactview
    pacman -S community/cairo-dock
    pacman -S community/cairo-dock-plug-ins
    pacman -S extra/clang
    pacman -S extra/kdegraphics-okular
    pacman -S the_silver_searcher
    
    systemctl enable gdm
    systemctl start gdm
    systemctl enable wicd
    systemctl start wicd
    
    sudo pip install gdbgui --upgrade

    • Screen capture tl;dr

    pacman -S imagemagick

    • What happened to LLVM 15?
    • Pacman option to assume “yes” to every question?
      tl;dr

        yay --noconfirm -S ...
        yes | sudo pacman -S firefox

    • xfce4

      • Numlock/Capslock indicator
        tl;dr

      yay -S aur/xfce4-kbdleds-plugin-git

      • xfce nm-applet missing : how to display network manager icon on xfce panel tl;dr tinker with nm-applet -> dbus-launch nm-applet

    • FS#59266 - [lvm2] Dependency failed for File System Check with 2.02.179-1
      tl;dr
      downgrade LVM2 to fix the issue

      sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/lvm2-2.02.177-5-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz

    • Printer (Brother DCPT500W)

      • tl;dr

      sudo systemctl start avahi-daemon.service
      sudo systemctl enable avahi-daemon.service
      sudo gvim /etc/nsswitch.conf
      sudo systemctl start org.cups.cupsd.service
      sudo systemctl enable org.cups.cupsd.service
      sudo pacman -S multilib/lib32-glibc
      nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24
      avahi-resolve-host-name -a 192.168.1.106
          192.168.1.106	BRW48E2448DA308.local
      lpstat -t
      device for DCPT500W: socket://192.168.1.106
      lpr -P DCPT500W /usr/share/cups/data/testprint

      • Multilib
      • Problem installing Brother printer DCP-T700W
      • CUPS Network printer adds, but won't print..
      • Brother T500W Driver Install Tool
      • Brother printers: how to install them in Ubuntu and Linux Mint
      • [SOLVED] Brother wireless printer can't work
      • Cups and "waiting for printer to become available"
      • CUPS - Waiting for printer to become available. - usb
      • [SOLVED] Can't print from chrome, but from command line
        tl;dr

        pacman -S gtk3-print-backends

      • List of USB ID's
        tl;dr

      04f9  Brother Industries, Ltd
      	0394  DCP-T500W

    • gdbgui review

    • gdb-дуэль — списки, деревья и хэш таблицы против командной строки

      • Various tools to improve the gdb experience

    • Slack Desktop (Beta) for Linux

    • The Rust toolchain installer

    • [SOLVED] Graphics / Nvidia / Opengl not working as expected

    • One or more PGP signatures could not be verified!

      • TL;DR gpg --recv-key <KEYID>

    • Solve Kernel Panic on Arch Linux

      • Kernel Panic - Failed to execute /init
      • TL;DR

      boot from flash
      mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
      arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
      pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/linux-4.8..
      pacman -S base
      grub-mkconfig  -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
      mkinitcpio -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux -g /boot/initramfs-linux.img

    • Rescue from Reboot and Select proper Boot device or insert Boot Media...

      • tl;dr

      boot from flash
      mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
      mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/EFI # this is very important
      mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home
      mount -t proc none /mnt/proc
      mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
      ln /sys /mnt/sys
      or
      mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys
      arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
      grub-install

    • Arch vs. Manjaro

    • mount dev, proc, sys in a chroot environment?

  • Arch Linux vs Nix OS

    • Switching to Nixos from Arch Linux

  • RHEL

    • Software Collections for Scientific Linux CERN 6
    • Software Collections for Scientific Linux CERN 6 : RPMS

  • Ubuntu

    • How to list all installed packages
      tl;dr

    apt list --installed

    • [https://superuser.com/questions/1744040/the-following-signatures-couldnt-be-verified-because-the-public-key-is-not-ava/1744043#1744043](“The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 23F3D4EA75716059”)
      tl;dr

    curl -fsSL https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo dd of=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
    && sudo chmod go+r /usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
    && echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null \
    && sudo apt update \
    && sudo apt install gh -y

  • How io_uring and eBPF Will Revolutionize Programming in Linux

  • The Implementation of epoll (1)

  • The Implementation of epoll (2)

  • The Implementation of epoll (3)

  • The Implementation of epoll (4)

    • Реализация epoll, часть 4

  • LINUX FU: GLOBAL SEARCH AND REPLACE WITH RIPGREP

    • Кунг-фу стиля Linux: глобальный поиск и замена строк с помощью ripgrep

  • LINUX FU: MONITOR DISKS tl;dr

  yay -S duf

  • Awesome list dedicated to Windows Subsystem for Linux

    • Linux’izing your Windows PC into a dev machine Part 2#Java and JVM ecosystem
    • Is it possible to access my Android device through WSL?
    • Windows Subsystem for Linux not recognizing JAVA_HOME Environmental Variable
    • Arch Linux on Windows 10
      • Running Arch Linux over Windows 10!
      • Install Arch Linux on Windows 10 Hyper-V
      • Arch Linux on Windows 10
      • Uptime becomes negative after Windows machine has been on for several days
      • Ripgrep and other Rust utilities panic
        tl;dr workaround

        pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/glibc-2.30-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
        ...
        warning: downgrading package glibc (2.31-1 => 2.30-3)

  • misc

    • 8 Best Linux Console File Managers
    • 9 Best File Comparison and Difference (Diff) Tools for Linux tl;dr meld, diffuse, vimdiff, kompare
    • 10 Best Markdown Editors for Linux

• The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide