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linkers.md

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Linkers / Connectors

Sorting / Sequencing

  • in the first place / first of all / firstly / to begin with / to start with / At first sight (zu Beginn)
  • next / then / after that (als nächstes)
  • in the meantime / meanwhile / while (während)
  • all of a sudden / suddenly / eventually (plötzlich)
  • in the end / finally, lastly (schlussendlich)
  • [First], I went to the supermarket [and then] I made dinner.
  • I have been working on that essay for two weeks. [Finally], I finished it.

Adding information

  • apart from (neben)
  • in addition (außerdem)
  • additionally (zusätzlich)
  • besides (zudem)
  • furthermore (des Weiteren)
  • moreover / on top of that (darüber hinaus)
  • as well as (ebenso wie)
  • also (auch)
  • and (und)
  • What's more (weiterhin)
  • I can not afford to go to the football stadium with you. [Besides], I don't really like football.
  • [In addition], he has played for Bayern Munich for five years.
  • [Apart from] English, she speaks French

Contrast

  • but (aber)
  • in spite of / despite of (trotz)
  • instead of (anstatt)
  • however / nevertheless / still / yet (trotzdem, dennoch)
  • although / (even) though (obwohl)
  • whereas (wohingegen)
  • on the one hand ... on the other hand (auf der einen Seite ... auf der anderen Seite)
  • on the contrary (im Gegenteil)
  • in contrast to / contrary to (im Gegensatz zu)
  • while (während, hier aber nicht zeitlich gemeint!)
  • He works hard. [However], he doesn't earn much.
  • [Although] he knows he isn't good at maths, he hasn't prepared well for the test today.
  • The book is short [but] interesting.
  • He arrived on time [despite] of getting up late.
  • [Even though] that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams.
  • He was quite ill [nevertheless], he went to school

Highlight / emphasize

  • in general / basically (grundsätzlich)
  • undoubtedly (zweifellos)
  • indeed (in der Tat)
  • obviously (offensichtlich)
  • in fact (tatsächlich)
  • clearly (eindeutig)
  • especially, in particular (besonders)
  • essentially (im Wesentlichen)
  • in particular (im Speziellen)
  • I like swimming, [especially] with my friends.
  • I am really hungry. [Indeed], I could eat ten burgers.

Compare things

  • like (wie)
  • just as (genauso wie)
  • compared to (im Vergleich zu)
  • just like (genau/so wie)
  • similar to (ähnlich wie)
  • She looked truly tiny [compared to] him.
  • [Similar to] John, Bob lives in Tokyo.

Exemplification / Introduce examples

  • for example (zum Beispiel)
  • for instance (beispielsweise)
  • such as (wie zum Beispiel)
  • including (dazu gehören)
  • that is (das heißt)
  • namely (nämlich/und zwar)
  • I really like big cats, [such as] lions.
  • John can play many musical instruments, [for example], the guitar and the piano.

Purpose

  • in order to / so as to (um ... zu)
  • in order that / so that (damit .. das)
  • She uses her mobile phone [in order to] capture photos.

Reasons and cause

  • since (da)
  • as / because (weil)
  • because of / due to (durch)
  • on account of (wegen)
  • owing to (aufgrund)
  • They walked home from school [as] they missed the bus.
  • She did her homework in the evening [since] she had met her friends in the afternoon.
  • She woke up [because] the doorbell rang.
  • [Because of] the loud noises she can't concentrate.

Consequence / Result

  • thus (daher, demnach)
  • so (also)
  • generally speaking (im Allgemeinen)
  • therefore (deshalb, deswegen)
  • consequently / as a consequence / as a result of (folglich)
  • for that reason (aus diesem Grund)
  • as a result (demzufolge)
  • that's why (darum)
  • [Therefore], English should already be taught in primary school.
  • [As a result], we need to protect our environment.

Conclusion

  • all in all (alles in allem)
  • in brief / in short (in Kürze)
  • in summary (zusammenfassend)
  • in conclusion (schließlich)

Expressing facts

  • owing to the fact that
  • actually
  • as a matter of fact
  • in fact
  • really

Expressing a personal opinion

  • as far as I am concerned
  • from my point of view
  • in my opinion
  • in my view
  • personally

References

  • maycaingles2011
  • studienkreis.de