Why Does Actix-web So Much better Than My Tokio Web Server Perform?

[aksjfds]

I’ve been experimenting with Rust web frameworks and wrote a simple HTTP server using Tokio to compare its performance against Actix-web. However, my wrk benchmark results show that my code lags far behind Actix-web in throughput, latency, and stability—my server even reports a ton of Socket errors. I’d love to get some insights from the community: why is there such a huge gap, and how can I optimize my implementation?

Actix-web Code and Results

use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, Responder};

async fn hello() -> impl Responder {
    "Hello World"
}

#[actix_web::main(worker_threads = 16)]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    HttpServer::new(|| App::new().route("/", web::get().to(hello)))
        .bind("127.0.0.1:3000")?
        .run()
        .await
}

wrk -t10 -c500 -d10s --latency http://localhost:3000
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
  10 threads and 500 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     1.29ms    1.60ms  27.19ms   84.58%
    Req/Sec    51.87k    11.02k  102.08k    74.80%
  Latency Distribution
     50%  386.00us
     75%    1.91ms
     90%    3.60ms
     99%    6.85ms
  5177558 requests in 10.06s, 632.03MB read
Requests/sec: 514689.08
Transfer/sec:     62.83MB
My code and result
use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:3000").await?;
    println!("http://localhost:3000");

    loop {
        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await?;
        tokio::spawn(handle_connection(stream));
    }
}

async fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) -> std::io::Result<()> {
    use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
    let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
    stream.read(&mut buffer).await?;
    let response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello, World!";
    stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).await?;
    Ok(())
}

wrk -t10 -c500 -d10s --latency http://localhost:3000
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
  10 threads and 500 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     6.59ms  659.28us  14.23ms   77.72%
    Req/Sec     7.20k   344.31    13.57k    90.31%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    6.61ms
     75%    6.95ms
     90%    7.28ms
     99%    8.05ms
  717430 requests in 10.10s, 34.90MB read
Requests/sec:  71038.19
Transfer/sec:      3.46MB