diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 79fb3a96e..d0286b2a9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         rust-version:
           - nightly
-          - "1.40"
+          - "1.48"
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
           - windows-latest
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index c8b95d0fd..a738615a3 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fastrand = "1.6.0"
 remove_dir_all = "0.5"
 
 [target.'cfg(any(unix, target_os = "wasi"))'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2.27"
+rustix = { version = "0.35.6", features = ["fs"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows-sys]
 version = "0.36"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1dba3a01d..e9bd7a7b7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ patterns and surprisingly difficult to implement securely).
 Usage
 -----
 
-Minimum required Rust version: 1.40.0
+Minimum required Rust version: 1.48.0
 
 Add this to your `Cargo.toml`:
 ```toml
diff --git a/src/file/imp/unix.rs b/src/file/imp/unix.rs
index 480743cf7..6dca72630 100644
--- a/src/file/imp/unix.rs
+++ b/src/file/imp/unix.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 use std::env;
-use std::ffi::{CString, OsStr};
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs::{self, File, OpenOptions};
 use std::io;
 cfg_if::cfg_if! {
     if #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))] {
-        use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
         use std::os::unix::fs::{MetadataExt, OpenOptionsExt};
     } else {
-        use std::os::wasi::ffi::OsStrExt;
         #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
         use std::os::wasi::fs::MetadataExt;
     }
@@ -16,29 +14,7 @@ use crate::util;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
-use libc::{c_char, c_int, link, rename, unlink};
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn cvt_err(result: c_int) -> io::Result<c_int> {
-    if result == -1 {
-        Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
-    } else {
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
-#[inline(always)]
-pub fn cvt_err(result: Result<usize, syscall::Error>) -> io::Result<usize> {
-    result.map_err(|err| io::Error::from_raw_os_error(err.errno))
-}
-
-// Stolen from std.
-pub fn cstr(path: &Path) -> io::Result<CString> {
-    CString::new(path.as_os_str().as_bytes())
-        .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "path contained a null"))
-}
+use rustix::fs::{cwd, linkat, renameat, unlinkat, AtFlags};
 
 pub fn create_named(path: &Path, open_options: &mut OpenOptions) -> io::Result<File> {
     open_options.read(true).write(true).create_new(true);
@@ -70,16 +46,18 @@ fn create_unlinked(path: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 pub fn create(dir: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
-    use libc::{EISDIR, ENOENT, EOPNOTSUPP, O_TMPFILE};
+    use rustix::{fs::OFlags, io::Errno};
     OpenOptions::new()
         .read(true)
         .write(true)
-        .custom_flags(O_TMPFILE) // do not mix with `create_new(true)`
+        .custom_flags(OFlags::TMPFILE.bits() as i32) // do not mix with `create_new(true)`
         .open(dir)
         .or_else(|e| {
-            match e.raw_os_error() {
+            match Errno::from_io_error(&e) {
                 // These are the three "not supported" error codes for O_TMPFILE.
-                Some(EOPNOTSUPP) | Some(EISDIR) | Some(ENOENT) => create_unix(dir),
+                Some(Errno::OPNOTSUPP) | Some(Errno::ISDIR) | Some(Errno::NOENT) => {
+                    create_unix(dir)
+                }
                 _ => Err(e),
             }
         })
@@ -124,25 +102,36 @@ pub fn reopen(_file: &File, _path: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
 
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
 pub fn persist(old_path: &Path, new_path: &Path, overwrite: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-    unsafe {
-        let old_path = cstr(old_path)?;
-        let new_path = cstr(new_path)?;
-        if overwrite {
-            cvt_err(rename(
-                old_path.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-                new_path.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-            ))?;
-        } else {
-            cvt_err(link(
-                old_path.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-                new_path.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
-            ))?;
-            // Ignore unlink errors. Can we do better?
-            // On recent linux, we can use renameat2 to do this atomically.
-            let _ = unlink(old_path.as_ptr() as *const c_char);
+    if overwrite {
+        renameat(cwd(), old_path, cwd(), new_path)?;
+    } else {
+        // On Linux, use `renameat_with` to avoid overwriting an existing name,
+        // if the kernel and the filesystem support it.
+        #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+        {
+            use rustix::fs::{renameat_with, RenameFlags};
+            use rustix::io::Errno;
+            use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering::Relaxed};
+
+            static NOSYS: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+            if !NOSYS.load(Relaxed) {
+                match renameat_with(cwd(), old_path, cwd(), new_path, RenameFlags::NOREPLACE) {
+                    Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
+                    Err(Errno::NOSYS) => NOSYS.store(true, Relaxed),
+                    Err(Errno::INVAL) => {}
+                    Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+                }
+            }
         }
-        Ok(())
+
+        // Otherwise use `linkat` to create the new filesystem name, which
+        // will fail if the name already exists, and then `unlinkat` to remove
+        // the old name.
+        linkat(cwd(), old_path, cwd(), new_path, AtFlags::empty())?;
+        // Ignore unlink errors. Can we do better?
+        let _ = unlinkat(cwd(), old_path, AtFlags::empty());
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "redox")]