Add terms for Energy and Battery sub-technolgies

[bihan-su]

Description of the issue

I would like to add definitions for types of PV panel, on- and offshore wind power technology, lithium-ion battery, and flow battery to the OEO.

Ideas of solution

These are suggested definitions provided on wikipedia (sources in Excel document at the end of the definitions):
PV panel https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000348/

• PV (PERC) Passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) solar cells consist of the addition of an extra layer to the rear-side of a solar cell. This dielectric passive layer acts to reflect unabsorbed light back to the solar cell for a second absorption attempt increasing the solar cell efficiency.
• PV (SHJ) Heterojunction solar cells (HJT), variously known as Silicon heterojunctions (SHJ) or Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT), are a family of photovoltaic cell technologies based on a heterojunction formed between semiconductors with dissimilar band gaps. They are a hybrid technology, combining aspects of conventional crystalline solar cells with thin-film solar cells.

onshore wind power technology https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00010425/

• Wind onshore (SCIG) Three phase squirrel cage induction motors can also be used as generators. [...] For the motor to work as a generator instead of a motor the rotor must be spun faster than its stator's synchronous speed. This will cause the motor to generate power after building up its residual magnetism.

offshore wind power technology https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00010426/

• Wind offshore (PMSG-HS) A permanent magnet synchronous generator is a generator where the excitation field is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a coil. The term synchronous refers here to the fact that the rotor and magnetic field rotate with the same speed, because the magnetic field is generated through a shaft-mounted permanent magnet mechanism, and current is induced into the stationary armature. In conventional wind turbines, the blades spin a shaft that is connected through a gearbox to the generator. The gearbox converts the turning speed of the blades (15 to 20 RPM for a one-megawatt turbine) into the 1,800 (750-3600) RPM that the generator needs to generate electricity.
• Wind offshore (PMSG-DD) A permanent magnet synchronous generator is a generator where the excitation field is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a coil. The term synchronous refers here to the fact that the rotor and magnetic field rotate with the same speed, because the magnetic field is generated through a shaft-mounted permanent magnet mechanism, and current is induced into the stationary armature. Gearless wind turbines (also called direct drive) eliminate the gearbox. Instead, the rotor shaft is attached directly to the generator, which spins at the same speed as the blades.

lithium-ion battery https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000248/

• NMC battery Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt [...]. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, acting as the positively charged cathode.
• LFP battery The lithium iron phosphate battery or LFP battery (lithium ferrophosphate) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode.

flow battery https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000169/

• redox flow battery A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through the system on separate sides of a membrane.

battery https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000068/

• Lead-Acid battery The lead–acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté. It is the first type of rechargeable battery ever created. Compared to modern rechargeable batteries, lead–acid batteries have relatively low energy density. Despite this, they are able to supply high surge currents. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by starter motors. Lead–acid batteries suffer from relatively short cycle lifespan (usually less than 500 deep cycles) and overall lifespan (due to the double sulfation in the discharged state), as well as long charging times.

The following Excel file gathers all the information:
technology_ontology.xlsx

Workflow checklist

• I discussed the issue with someone else than me before working on a solution
• I already read the latest version of the workflow for this repository
• The goal of this ontology is clear to me

I am aware that

• every entry in the ontology should have a definition
• classes should arise from concepts rather than from words

[areleu]

I will take care of this, we should discuss it on friday but I have some preliminary questions @stap-m . The technology class has an axiom participates in some process. I am trying to understand how can this be the case. I would say that artifacts that follow certain specifications which collectively are bundled as technology, these specifications enable these artifacts with capabilities to participate in those processes and these are the ones ultimately participating.

Since the artifacts are designed on the basis of some specification, I think turning around the axioms a bit can complete the technology <-> artifact axis, so an artifact can be of a particular kind only if they are designated by the technology. We could even furtherly specify is about for t his particular case using something like https://github.com/CommonCoreOntology/CommonCoreOntologies/blob/develop/src/cco-modules/InformationEntityOntology.ttl # designates

This is relevant for this issue because if we opt to do this would imply always generating a pair of artificial object / technology for each subclass.

[stap-m]

I'll put this on the agenda for the developer meeting in january