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023_ž_as_a_separate_phoneme.qmd
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---
title: ž as a separate phoneme
author: Nikita Beklemishev
date: 'Last update: `r lubridate::make_datetime(year = 2023, month = 6, day = 24)`'
output:
html_document:
number_sections: true
anchor_sections: true
pandoc_args: --shift-heading-level-by=-1
---
```{r, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, message = FALSE, warning=FALSE, fig.width = 9.5)
library(tidyverse)
library(lingtypology)
read_csv('data/database.csv', show_col_types = FALSE) |>
filter(feature_id == 23) ->
db
read_csv('data/villages.csv') |>
filter(!(village %in% c('Kazankulak', 'Novyy Borch', 'Vrush', 'Aran', 'Khnyukh'))) ->
villages
villages |>
filter(!(village %in% c('Tsudik', 'Borch'))) ->
villages4map
```
In some dialects, reportedly, using fricative /ž/, not the affricate /ǯ/, is obligatory in at least one lexeme, and thus the contrast between /ž/ and /ǯ/ is thougt of as phonemic. [@ibragimov2004, @ibragimova2009, @danielvilatovms] In practice, we diagnose this by asking for cognates of two inter-dialectal lexemes: /maǯ/ 'a thorny plant (Gundelia tournefortii?)' and /garǯ/ 'rushlight; clove of garlic, resin'. The sounds in check (preliminary values) are the final consonants. Final values are ž for fricative and ǯ for affricate. In dialects with phonemic /ž/ it is also expected to appear in some short words, in which it may not correspond to /ǯ/. For that see features [@pronouns]).
## “rushlight” //garŽ//
::: {.panel-tabset}
### Map
```{r}
db |>
filter(feature_lexeme == '“rushlight” //garŽ//') |>
filter(!is.na(value),
value != 'NO DATA') |>
mutate(value = str_split(value, ' ; ')) |>
unnest_longer(value) |>
distinct(settlement, value) |>
mutate(n = 1) |>
pivot_wider(names_from = value, values_from = n, values_fill = 0) |>
left_join(villages[,c('village', 'lat', 'lon')], c('settlement' = 'village')) |>
mutate(language = 'Rutul') ->
for_map
if(length(for_map) == 5){
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
latitude = villages4map$lat,
longitude = villages4map$lon,
label = villages4map$village,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
color = 'gray',
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
opacity = 0.4) |>
map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
latitude = for_map$lat,
longitude = for_map$lon,
label = for_map$settlement,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
features = colnames(for_map)[2],
pipe.data = _)
} else {
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
latitude = villages4map$lat,
longitude = villages4map$lon,
label = villages4map$village,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
color = 'gray',
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
opacity = 0.4) |>
map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
latitude = for_map$lat,
longitude = for_map$lon,
minichart.data = for_map |> select(-settlement, -lat, -lon, -language),
minichart = 'pie',
width = 3,
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
pipe.data = _)
}
```
### Data
```{r}
db |>
filter(feature_lexeme == '“rushlight” //garŽ//') |>
select(settlement, value, stimuli, answer, collected) |>
DT::datatable(class = 'cell-border stripe',
rownames = FALSE,
filter = 'top',
extensions = 'Buttons',
options = list(pageLength = 42,
autoWidth = TRUE,
info = FALSE,
dom = 'fBltp',
buttons = list(list(extend = 'collection',
buttons = c('csv', 'excel', 'pdf'),
text = '<i class="fas fa-download"></i>')),
paginate = TRUE))
```
:::
## “Gundelia tournefortii” //maŽ//
::: {.panel-tabset}
### Map
```{r}
db |>
filter(feature_lexeme == '“Gundelia tournefortii” //maŽ//') |>
filter(!is.na(value),
value != 'NO DATA') |>
mutate(value = str_split(value, ' ; ')) |>
unnest_longer(value) |>
distinct(settlement, value) |>
mutate(n = 1) |>
pivot_wider(names_from = value, values_from = n, values_fill = 0) |>
left_join(villages[,c('village', 'lat', 'lon')], c('settlement' = 'village')) |>
mutate(language = 'Rutul') ->
for_map
if(length(for_map) == 5){
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
latitude = villages4map$lat,
longitude = villages4map$lon,
label = villages4map$village,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
color = 'gray',
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
opacity = 0.4) |>
map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
latitude = for_map$lat,
longitude = for_map$lon,
label = for_map$settlement,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
features = colnames(for_map)[2],
pipe.data = _)
} else {
map.feature(languages = 'Rutul',
latitude = villages4map$lat,
longitude = villages4map$lon,
label = villages4map$village,
label.position = 'top',
label.hide = FALSE,
width = 10,
color = 'gray',
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
opacity = 0.4) |>
map.feature(languages = for_map$language,
latitude = for_map$lat,
longitude = for_map$lon,
minichart.data = for_map |> select(-settlement, -lat, -lon, -language),
minichart = 'pie',
width = 3,
tile = 'OpenStreetMap.HOT',
pipe.data = _)
}
```
### Data
```{r}
db |>
filter(feature_lexeme == '“Gundelia tournefortii” //maŽ//') |>
select(settlement, value, stimuli, answer, collected) |>
DT::datatable(class = 'cell-border stripe',
rownames = FALSE,
filter = 'top',
extensions = 'Buttons',
options = list(pageLength = 42,
autoWidth = TRUE,
info = FALSE,
dom = 'fBltp',
buttons = list(list(extend = 'collection',
buttons = c('csv', 'excel', 'pdf'),
text = '<i class="fas fa-download"></i>')),
paginate = TRUE))
```
:::