forked from KrautGTI/VALLE-demo.github.io
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathindex.html
433 lines (411 loc) · 41.9 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.88.1" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href=""https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/custom.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalize.css">
<title>VALL-E</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body data-new-gr-c-s-check-loaded="14.1091.0" data-gr-ext-installed="">
<div class="container" >
<header role="banner">
</header>
<main role="main">
<article itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting">
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<div class="text-center">
<h1>VALL-E</h1>
<h3>Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizers</h3>
[<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.02111">Paper</a>]
<p class="fst-italic mb-0">
<br>
Chengyi Wang*,   Sanyuan Chen*,   Yu Wu*,   Ziqiang Zhang,   Long Zhou,   Shujie Liu,   <br>
Zhuo Chen,   Yanqing Liu,   Huaming Wang,   Jinyu Li,   Lei He,   Sheng Zhao,   Furu Wei
<p></p>
</p>
<p><b>Microsoft</b></p>
</div>
<p>
<b>Abstract.</b>
We introduce a language modeling approach for text to speech synthesis (TTS).
Specifically, we train a neural codec language model (called VALL-E) using discrete codes derived from an off-the-shelf neural audio codec model,
and regard TTS as a conditional language modeling task rather than continuous signal regression as in previous work.
During the pre-training stage, we scale up the TTS training data to 60K hours of English speech which is hundreds of times larger than existing systems.
VALL-E emerges in-context learning capabilities and can be used to synthesize high-quality personalized speech with only a 3-second enrolled recording of an unseen speaker as an acoustic prompt.
Experiment results show that VALL-E significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot TTS system in terms of speech naturalness and speaker similarity.
In addition, we find VALL-E could preserve the speaker's emotion and acoustic environment of the acoustic prompt in synthesis.
<br><br>
This page is for <b>research demonstration purposes</b> only.
</p>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="model-overview" style="text-align: center;">Model Overview</h2>
<body>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<img src="pics/Overview.jpg" height="400" width="800">
</p>
</body>
<p>
The overview of VALL-E.
Unlike the previous pipeline (e.g., phoneme → mel-spectrogram → waveform), the pipeline of VALL-E is phoneme → discrete code → waveform.
VALL-E generates the discrete audio codec codes based on phoneme and acoustic code prompts, corresponding to the target content and the speaker's voice.
VALL-E directly enables various speech synthesis applications, such as zero-shot TTS, speech editing, and content creation combined with other generative AI models like GPT-3.
</p>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="librispeech-samples" style="text-align: center;">LibriSpeech Samples</h2>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Ground Truth</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Baseline</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 600px">They moved thereafter cautiously about the hut groping before and about them to find something to show that Warrenton had fulfilled his mission.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0024/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0024/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0024/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0024/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">And lay me down in thy cold bed and leave my shining lot.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/908-157963-0027/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/908-157963-0027/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/908-157963-0027/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/908-157963-0027/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Number ten, fresh nelly is waiting on you, good night husband.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1089-134686-0004/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1089-134686-0004/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1089-134686-0004/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1089-134686-0004/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Yea, his honourable worship is within, but he hath a godly minister or two with him, and likewise a leech.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1221-135767-0014/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1221-135767-0014/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1221-135767-0014/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1221-135767-0014/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Instead of shoes, the old man wore boots with turnover tops, and his blue coat had wide cuffs of gold braid.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1284-1180-0002/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1284-1180-0002/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1284-1180-0002/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1284-1180-0002/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">The army found the people in poverty and left them in comparative wealth.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/4077-13754-0000/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/4077-13754-0000/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/4077-13754-0000/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/4077-13754-0000/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Thus did this humane and right minded father comfort his unhappy daughter, and her mother embracing her again, did all she could to soothe her feelings.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/5639-40744-0020/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/5639-40744-0020/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/5639-40744-0020/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/5639-40744-0020/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">He was in deep converse with the clerk and entered the hall holding him by the arm.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0007/prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0007/gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0007/yourtts.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/61-70970-0007/ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="vctk-samples" style="text-align: center;">VCTK Samples</h2>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Ground Truth</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Baseline</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">We have to reduce the number of plastic bags.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p254_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p254_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p254_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p254_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">So what is the campaign about?</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p263_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p263_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p263_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p263_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">My life has changed a lot.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p273_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p273_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p273_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p273_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Nothing is yet confirmed.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p255_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p255_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p255_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p255_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">I could hardly move for the next couple of days.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p262_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p262_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p262_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p262_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">His son has been travelling with the Tartan Army for years.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p256_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p256_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p256_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p256_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Her husband was very concerned that it might be fatal.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p248_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p248_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p248_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p248_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">We've made a couple of albums.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p233_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p233_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p233_baseline.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/p233_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="diversity-analysis" style="text-align: center;">Synthesis of Diversity</h2>
<p>
Thanks to the sampling-based discrete token generation methods, given a pair of text and speaker prompts, VALL-E can synthesize diverse personalized speech samples with different random seeds.
</p>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E Sample1</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E Sample2</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Because we do not need it.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p226_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p226_s1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p226_s2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">I must do something about it.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p230_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p230_s1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p230_s2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">He has not been named.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p246_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p246_s1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/vctk/diversity/p246_s2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Number ten, fresh nelly is waiting on you, good night husband.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/diversity/sample2_prompt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/diversity/sample2_0.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/diversity/sample2_1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="Acoustic-Environment-Maintenance" style="text-align: center;">Acoustic Environment Maintenance</h2>
<p>
VALL-E can synthesize personalized speech while maintaining the acoustic environment of the speaker prompt. The audio and transcriptions are sampled from the Fisher dataset.
</p>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Ground Truth</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">I think it's like you know um more convenient too.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/1_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/1_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/1_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Um we have to pay have this security fee just in case she would damage something but um.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/2_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/2_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/2_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Everything is run by computer but you got to know how to think before you can do a computer.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/3_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/3_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/3_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">As friends thing I definitely I've got more male friends.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/4_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/4_gt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/fisher/4_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="Speaker-Emotion-Maintenance" style="text-align: center;">Speaker’s Emotion Maintenance</h2>
<p>
VALL-E can synthesize personalized speech while maintaining the emotion in the speaker prompt. The audio prompts are sampled from the Emotional Voices Database.
</p>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Emotion</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">We have to reduce the number of plastic bags.</td>
<td style="text-align: center;vertical-align:middle;width: 220px">Anger</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/anger_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/anger_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;vertical-align:middle;width: 220px">Sleepy</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/sleepiness_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/sleepiness_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;vertical-align:middle;width: 220px">Neutral</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/neutral_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/neutral_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;vertical-align:middle;width: 220px">Amused</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/amused_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/amused_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;vertical-align:middle;width: 220px">Disgusted</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/disgust_pt.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/emov_db/disgust_ours.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="more-samples" style="text-align: center;">More Samples </h2>
<p>
We randomly selected some transcriptions and 3s audio segments from LibriSpeech test-clean set as the text and speaker prompts and then use VALL-E to synthesize the personalized speech. Note that the transcriptions and audio segments are from different speakers, there is no ground truth speech for reference.
</p>
<div class="table-responsive pt-3">
<table class="table table-hover pt-2">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center">Text</th>
<th style="text-align: center">Speaker Prompt</th>
<th style="text-align: center">VALL-E</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 700px">The others resented postponement, but it was just his scruples that charmed me.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/121-127105-0006/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Notwithstanding the high resolution of hawkeye, he fully comprehended all the difficulties and danger he was about to incur.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/1320-122617-0000/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">We were more interested in the technical condition of the station than in the commercial part.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2300-131720-0040/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Paul takes pride in his ministry not to his own praise but to the praise of god.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2830-3980-0008/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">The ideas also remain but they have become types in nature forms of men animals birds fishes.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/2961-960-0014/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">Other circumstances permitting that instinct disposes men to look with favor upon productive efficiency and on whatever is of human use.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/3570-5696-0002/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">But suppose you said I'm fond of writing, my people always say my letters home are good enough for punch.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7176-92135-0005/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;vertical-align:middle;width: 500px">He summoned half a dozen citizens to join his posse who followed obeyed and assisted him.</td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/prompt1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/prompt2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/prompt3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
<td style="text-align: center"><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/ours1.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/ours2.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio><audio controls="controls" style="width: 140px;"><source src="audios/librispeech/7729-102255-0030/ours3.wav" autoplay/>Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container pt-5 mt-5 shadow p-5 mb-5 bg-white rounded">
<h2 id="Ethics-Statement" style="text-align: center;">Ethics Statement</h2>
<p>
Since VALL-E could synthesize speech that maintains speaker identity, it may carry potential risks in misuse of the model, such as spoofing voice identification or impersonating a specific speaker.
We conducted the experiments under the assumption that the user agree to be the target speaker in speech synthesis.
If the model is generalized to unseen speakers in the real world, it should include a protocol to ensure that the speaker approves the use of their voice and a synthesized speech detection model.
</p>
</div>
</article>
</main>
</div>
</body>
</html>