L0.2_Python.md

0 Introduction

需要用到的几个链接：

• InternStudio开发平台
• L0.2_Python文档教程
• L0.2_Python视频教程

任务：

完成情况	任务类型	任务内容	预计耗时
✓	闯关任务	Python实现wordcount	15mins
✓	闯关任务	Vscode连接InternStudio debug笔记	15mins

1 Task 1

Python实现wordcount

1.1 方法

方法1：定义一个新的字典word_counts进行计数。

import re


text = """
Got this panda plush toy for my daughter's birthday,
who loves it and takes it everywhere. It's soft and
super cute, and its face has a friendly look. It's
a bit small for what I paid though. I think there
might be other options that are bigger for the
same price. It arrived a day earlier than expected,
so I got to play with it myself before I gave it
to her.
"""


def wordcount(text):
    # 使用正则表达式找到所有的单词
    words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text.lower())
    # 创建一个字典，用于存储单词计数
    word_counts = {}
    # 遍历字符串，定义字典，按照空格切分成单词并计数
    for word in words:
        if word in word_counts:
            word_counts[word] += 1
        else:
            word_counts[word] = 1
    return word_counts


if __name__ == "__main__":
    word_counts = wordcount(text)
    for word, count in word_counts.items():
        print(f"{word}: {count}")
    

注释：

• r 表示这是一个原始字符串，意味着字符串中的反斜杠 \ 不会被当作转义字符。
• \b：表示单词边界，确保单词的前后面不是字母，这样就只匹配完整的单词。
• \w 匹配 [a-zA-Z0-9_]，匹配任何字母、数字以及下划线。
• + 与 \w 结合使用，表示匹配一个或多个连续的单字字符。
• text.lower() 将文本转换为小写，这样单词的计数就不会区分大小写了。

**方法2：**用封装好的函数Counter（）来实现。

import re


text = """
Got this panda plush toy for my daughter's birthday,
who loves it and takes it everywhere. It's soft and
super cute, and its face has a friendly look. It's
a bit small for what I paid though. I think there
might be other options that are bigger for the
same price. It arrived a day earlier than expected,
so I got to play with it myself before I gave it
to her.
"""


def word_count(text):
    # 使用正则表达式找到所有的单词，并转换为小写
    words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text.lower())
    # 使用Counter计算每个单词出现的次数
    return Counter(words)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    word_counts = wordcount(text)
    for word, count in word_counts.items():
        print(f"{word}: {count}")

1.2 实现

1.2.1 连接开发机，创建环境

用本地VScode连接InterStudio开发机(上一节已经连接过了)，开发机已经有conda环境。

# 创建一个虚拟环境名为python-tutorial，python版本为3.10
conda conda create -n python-tutorial python=3.10
# 激活该环境
conda activate python-tutorial
# 下载练习python需要的jupyter lab
pip install jupyter lab
# 下载需要练习的numpy包
pip install numpy

1.2.2 创建文件，运行代码

# 创建单词计数的python文件
touch count.py
# 打开vim编辑器，i进入编辑模式，复制粘贴方法一的代码，Esc退出编辑模式，:wq保存并退出。
vim count.py
# 运行代码
python count.py

发现代码中缩进有问题

修改后重试，得到统计的结果的字典格式。

可以对当前代码进行改进，根据计数从高到低排列。

import re
from collections import OrderedDict

text = """
Got this panda plush toy for my daughter's birthday,
who loves it and takes it everywhere. It's soft and
super cute, and its face has a friendly look. It's
a bit small for what I paid though. I think there
might be other options that are bigger for the
same price. It arrived a day earlier than expected,
so I got to play with it myself before I gave it
to her.
"""


def wordcount(text):
    # 使用正则表达式找到所有的单词
    words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text.lower())
    # 创建一个字典，用于存储单词计数
    word_counts = {}
    # 遍历字符串，定义字典，按照空格切分成单词并计数
    for word in words:
        if word in word_counts:
            word_counts[word] += 1
        else:
            word_counts[word] = 1
     # 根据计数对字典进行排序
     sorted_word_counts = OrderedDict(sorted(word_counts.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True))
     return sorted_word_counts


if __name__ == "__main__":
    word_counts = wordcount(text)
    for word, count in word_counts.items():
        print(f"{word}: {count}")
    

2 Task 2

Vscode连接InternStudio debug笔记

2.1 Debug单个python文件

连接远程开发机后，安装以下python插件。

点击debug单个文件

查看当前步骤变量

2.2 在vscode使用命令行进行debug

pip install debugpy
python -m debugpy --listen 5678 --wait-for-client ./count.py