From ed0a7ea1ddda5e270c2c127eb2981a333f8437f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: XingqiWang Date: Sat, 16 Nov 2024 12:34:23 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] update 04-get --- 04-get/README.md | 270 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 04-get/index.ts | 78 ++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 348 insertions(+) create mode 100644 04-get/README.md create mode 100644 04-get/index.ts diff --git a/04-get/README.md b/04-get/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ab9429 --- /dev/null +++ b/04-get/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +# 读取链上数据（一）：`get` 读取 + +本部分将带你认识一些常用的读取链上数据的方法以及使用场景。 + +这些方法属于 `Connecion` 类，为单次的链上数据读取，方法名以 `get` 开头。 + +在使用这些方法之前还是需要先创建RPC连接。 + +```ts +import { Connection, PublicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from '@solana/web3.js'; + +const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com", "confirmed"); +``` + +## 1. getSlot + +获取当前的slot。 + +```ts +const slot = await connection.getSlot(); +console.log(`当前slot: ${slot}\n`); +``` + +``` +当前slot: 300579039 +``` + +## 2. getBalance + +获取指定账户的SOL余额。 + +```ts +// 查询Jito1的SOL余额 +const balance = await connection.getBalance(new PublicKey("CXPeim1wQMkcTvEHx9QdhgKREYYJD8bnaCCqPRwJ1to1")); +console.log(`J1to1余额: ${balance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL\n`); +``` + +``` +J1to1余额: 12.172897148 SOL +``` + +## 3. getTokenAccountBalance + +查询指定代币账户的余额。 + +> Solana 会为每个代币持有者分配一个代币账户，每个账户需要支付0.002SOL的租金。当你不再需要此代币账户时，可以选择关闭并取回租金。 + +```ts +// 获取web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2账户的USDC余额 +// https://solscan.io/account/HGtAdvmncQSk59mAxdh2M7GTUq1aB9WTwh7w7LwvbTBT +const tokenAccountBalance = await connection.getTokenAccountBalance(new PublicKey("HGtAdvmncQSk59mAxdh2M7GTUq1aB9WTwh7w7LwvbTBT")); +console.log(`token账户余额: ${JSON.stringify(tokenAccountBalance)}\n`); +``` + +``` +token账户余额: {"context":{"apiVersion":"2.0.3","slot":300580444},"value":{"amount":"2000000","decimals":6,"uiAmount":2,"uiAmountString":"2"}} +``` + +## 4. getFirstAvailableBlock + +获取当前RPC节点可以访问的最早区块号。 + +> 因Solana数据量庞大，一般的RPC节点无法完整存储区块数据，只能在本地保存一小部分快照。因此，如果你想分析区块的历史交易，购买大型RPC服务商的节点是个不错的选择。 + +```ts +const firstAvailableBlock = await connection.getFirstAvailableBlock(); +console.log(`首个可用区块: ${firstAvailableBlock}\n`); +``` + +``` +首个可用区块: 300439300 +``` + +## 5. getLatestBlockhash + +获取最新的区块hash。 + +> 在发送交易时经常调用。 + +```ts +const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash(); +console.log(`最新区块哈希: ${latestBlockhash.blockhash}\n`); +``` + +``` +最新区块哈希: Hik7iYgKiALmPXp8HTAqok3kDQuSYWCaPLNa7rLNeu6v +``` + +## 6. getParsedAccountInfo + +获取已解析的账户详细信息。 + +> 在获取链上流动池信息时会非常有用。 + +`getMultipleParsedAccounts` 可以一次性查询多个账户信息。 + +```ts +// 获取raydium clmm WSOL/USDC 流动池的账户信息 +const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(new PublicKey('8sLbNZoA1cfnvMJLPfp98ZLAnFSYCFApfJKMbiXNLwxj'), "confirmed"); + console.log("账户信息：", accountInfo) +``` + +``` +{ + data: , + executable: false, + lamports: 865597210, + owner: PublicKey [PublicKey(CAMMCzo5YL8w4VFF8KVHrK22GGUsp5VTaW7grrKgrWqK)] { + _bn: + }, + rentEpoch: 18446744073709552000, + space: 1544 +} +``` + + +## 7. getParsedTransaction + +获取已解析的交易详细信息。 + +`getParsedTransactions` 可一次性查询多条交易。 + +> 在需要解析交易的监听场景下会非常有用。 + +```ts +// 解析一笔转账SOL交易 +const parsedTransaction = await connection.getParsedTransaction('3Vfp5qPhF14bNb2jLtTccabCDbHUmxqtXerUvPEjKb6RpJ8jU3H9M9JgcUbDPtgesB3WFP9M8VZTzECgBavnjxaC', { + commitment: "confirmed", + maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0 +}); +console.log(`已解析的交易: ${JSON.stringify(parsedTransaction)}\n`); +``` + +``` +已解析的交易: {"blockTime":1731232782,"meta":{"computeUnitsConsumed":150,"err":null,"fee":5000,"innerInstructions":[],"logMessages":["Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"],"postBalances":[7826454,1993200,1],"postTokenBalances":[],"preBalances":[7832454,1992200,1],"preTokenBalances":[],"rewards":[],"status":{"Ok":null}},"slot":300547625,"transaction":{"message":{"accountKeys":[{"pubkey":"web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2","signer":true,"source":"transaction","writable":true},{"pubkey":"buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ","signer":false,"source":"transaction","writable":true},{"pubkey":"11111111111111111111111111111111","signer":false,"source":"transaction","writable":false}],"instructions":[{"parsed":{"info":{"destination":"buffaAJKmNLao65TDTUGq8oB9HgxkfPLGqPMFQapotJ","lamports":1000,"source":"web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"},"type":"transfer"},"program":"system","programId":"11111111111111111111111111111111","stackHeight":null}],"recentBlockhash":"7F3ptA9dwyosGYK2RMZneutNEfc6PruonnZcqVH35wyG"},"signatures":["3Vfp5qPhF14bNb2jLtTccabCDbHUmxqtXerUvPEjKb6RpJ8jU3H9M9JgcUbDPtgesB3WFP9M8VZTzECgBavnjxaC"]},"version":"legacy"} +``` + +## 8. getSignaturesForAddress + +获取与指定账户地址相关的交易签名列表。 + +> 这在监听账户时会非常有用。 + +```ts +// 获取web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2账户下最新的3笔交易 +const signatures = await connection.getSignaturesForAddress(new PublicKey("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"), { + limit: 3 + }); +console.log(`最近的3笔交易签名: ${JSON.stringify(signatures)}\n`); +``` + +``` +最近的3笔交易签名: [{"blockTime":1731241155,"confirmationStatus":"finalized","err":null,"memo":null,"signature":"5sFePYo4zAX2uiGmt1LmDBfoYDxXGhiix1of8K3DPD3Kua4fGStbMtKWvyUc1u1fdtrVS8DM51pgA9Us9GsaDRjm","slot":300566648},{"blockTime":1731232782,"confirmationStatus":"finalized","err":null,"memo":null,"signature":"3Vfp5qPhF14bNb2jLtTccabCDbHUmxqtXerUvPEjKb6RpJ8jU3H9M9JgcUbDPtgesB3WFP9M8VZTzECgBavnjxaC","slot":300547625},{"blockTime":1731232657,"confirmationStatus":"finalized","err":null,"memo":null,"signature":"4aZJwh2srekTB3w7VzF91rNv7oB1ZPMGwds1ohnivejHMUdSw7Eacp5kLkcChJuU2MmjewrusVNbHa2aCpjwTy6M","slot":300547340}] +``` + + +## 9. getTokenAccountsByOwner + +用于查询某个账户下所有的代币账户。 + +```ts +const tokenAccountsByOwner = await connection.getTokenAccountsByOwner(new PublicKey("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"), { + mint: new PublicKey("EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v") +}, "confirmed"); +console.log(`token账户: ${JSON.stringify(tokenAccountsByOwner)}\n`); +``` + +``` +token账户: {"context":{"apiVersion":"2.0.3","slot":300580814},"value":[{"account":{"data":{"type":"Buffer","data":[198,250,122,243,190,219,173,58,61,101,243,106,171,201,116,49,177,187,228,194,210,246,224,228,124,166,2,3,69,47,93,97,13,255,221,17,24,19,199,35,78,149,150,80,234,75,209,227,110,41,100,154,108,37,103,158,230,205,202,31,47,49,116,137,128,132,30,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"executable":false,"lamports":2039280,"owner":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","rentEpoch":18446744073709552000,"space":165},"pubkey":"HGtAdvmncQSk59mAxdh2M7GTUq1aB9WTwh7w7LwvbTBT"}]} +``` + +## 10. getTokenLargestAccounts + +查询某个代币的20个最大持有者账户。 + +```ts +// 获取代币mint地址为Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump的前20持有者 +const tokenLargestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(new PublicKey("Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump")); +console.log(`20个token最大持有者账户: ${JSON.stringify(tokenLargestAccounts)}\n`); +``` + +``` +20个token最大持有者账户: {"context":{"apiVersion":"2.0.3","slot":300581319},"value":[{"address":"5hWv7FkSbyjyMNxKutWkA41azBFLkZNv3seLhZMeVR9f","amount":"152069454264255","decimals":6,"uiAmount":152069454.264255,"uiAmountString":"152069454.264255"},{"address":"EREWvGJSLVZ7cYqR9UBHags8Nu69UJWJTyUs5x1PxSVu","amount":"33554743151407","decimals":6,"uiAmount":33554743.151407,"uiAmountString":"33554743.151407"},{"address":"CsZcHJ9PgteaQfcNAsJhveM97THJ1erJYDCKxPv7zyoJ","amount":"23722304864271","decimals":6,"uiAmount":23722304.864271,"uiAmountString":"23722304.864271"},{"address":"BeJNuqkM7fLTQ9ayXxmRR2HcxwCtYdE5A83pDfkoK2ac","amount":"20153660767179","decimals":6,"uiAmount":20153660.767179,"uiAmountString":"20153660.767179"},{"address":"ECq3rtYeuGqjRYB5mnAQVkmnxEEhqZrCsj9iDXMLzMas","amount":"19542872794233","decimals":6,"uiAmount":19542872.794233,"uiAmountString":"19542872.794233"},{"address":"3eQwYYPvPRNT95ijnV7MhiuDf3UvFppgmbUfzGr3swGy","amount":"18960282274790","decimals":6,"uiAmount":18960282.27479,"uiAmountString":"18960282.27479"},{"address":"A9X8AbYgRUDgv76oJb3owJ9KZNQyMHYYoBUAcXYTQb4X","amount":"18385694793997","decimals":6,"uiAmount":18385694.793997,"uiAmountString":"18385694.793997"},{"address":"3tBpHjkbA2iPgLiynkh8aocx25cZw5giDsKgBMt18FQY","amount":"16192533170352","decimals":6,"uiAmount":16192533.170352,"uiAmountString":"16192533.170352"},{"address":"CKzAxaWfCvN2E2gsHZuh9ahkFURmWgrjcJmQJfS39JXw","amount":"15336629610352","decimals":6,"uiAmount":15336629.610352,"uiAmountString":"15336629.610352"},{"address":"AkRDFNqBny8QSWrm4hVHGz76AANHBYUySJ2FMMPJgFvc","amount":"14313037432834","decimals":6,"uiAmount":14313037.432834,"uiAmountString":"14313037.432834"},{"address":"7o9C3KFMinhVyCpAL18mjvWUAyNWECgfugoDEdEgVS3r","amount":"14278373348178","decimals":6,"uiAmount":14278373.348178,"uiAmountString":"14278373.348178"},{"address":"AgY1NbsCMaon6hjfcBMQjSaRyw8sUZNaoDht6H7Zw6GT","amount":"13601918495029","decimals":6,"uiAmount":13601918.495029,"uiAmountString":"13601918.495029"},{"address":"H1Qm7UNCdfhrbmjzzSKBN28xScZoBrU4CiTrQLfZwnTN","amount":"13212871578892","decimals":6,"uiAmount":13212871.578892,"uiAmountString":"13212871.578892"},{"address":"CLRVbDx6QkcSCGAkMSfmQuTFqpZun3tFRZHoCd7GV2MP","amount":"13045037329632","decimals":6,"uiAmount":13045037.329632,"uiAmountString":"13045037.329632"},{"address":"F6f91snaYJvioLtx5ESqKZTLxNuZn3erv78yBDvkP3kH","amount":"12234592572102","decimals":6,"uiAmount":12234592.572102,"uiAmountString":"12234592.572102"},{"address":"8D9v7JRy8uVLiqFcxQJjmPhdFttJcX6E5Kmn4WDFV3tM","amount":"11847710475369","decimals":6,"uiAmount":11847710.475369,"uiAmountString":"11847710.475369"},{"address":"Dvi82ZRJjey2eXV27U2Y8BGPbEkfq3B6t7pLsLCA4Ajh","amount":"11234459181997","decimals":6,"uiAmount":11234459.181997,"uiAmountString":"11234459.181997"},{"address":"HT1nud5TfKgnr2eG1bRB6eutRRNrHTS5uez4fFxL9txo","amount":"10980211007652","decimals":6,"uiAmount":10980211.007652,"uiAmountString":"10980211.007652"},{"address":"DrGFmy45YwcbUTZFn2XrKvVUTBbBY1jjGfMKGLFEkSmK","amount":"10536406834949","decimals":6,"uiAmount":10536406.834949,"uiAmountString":"10536406.834949"},{"address":"EkPJUGTRxEsDeLU7LbizUUgnA19GPzerUjLvEGAc9Zbi","amount":"10460309988199","decimals":6,"uiAmount":10460309.988199,"uiAmountString":"10460309.988199"}]} +``` + +## 11. getTokenSupply + +获取代币的供应量。 + +```ts +// 获取USDC的供应量 +const supplyInfo = await connection.getTokenSupply(new PublicKey('EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v')); +console.log(`Total supply: ${supplyInfo.value.amount}\n`); +``` + +``` +Total supply: 3277049395067962 +``` + +## 12. getParsedProgramAccounts + +批量获取某个程序账户下的所有账户信息。 + +> 在获取某个代币的所有持有者时会非常有用。 + +```ts +// 获取代币mint地址为Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump的所有持有者 +const mintAddress = new PublicKey("Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump") +const accounts = await connection.getParsedProgramAccounts(new PublicKey('TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA'), { + filters: [ + { + dataSize: 165, // Token 账户的数据大小是 165 字节 + }, + { + memcmp: { + offset: 0, // 0 偏移表示 Token Mint 地址的位置 + bytes: mintAddress.toBase58(), + }, + }, + ], +}); + +// 只打印3个持有者 +console.log("前3个账户:", accounts.slice(0, 3)) + +``` + +``` +前3个账户: [ + { + account: { + data: [Object], + executable: false, + lamports: 2039280, + owner: [PublicKey [PublicKey(TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA)]], + rentEpoch: 18446744073709552000, + space: 165 + }, + pubkey: PublicKey [PublicKey(Avd9odZRLXLJTofuGSwPnUjTweniq7hae1fiyqeKMMiG)] { + _bn: + } + }, + { + account: { + data: [Object], + executable: false, + lamports: 2039280, + owner: [PublicKey [PublicKey(TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA)]], + rentEpoch: 18446744073709552000, + space: 165 + }, + pubkey: PublicKey [PublicKey(53P2PjAqKcVm7iE2ZKGF5BDWSxHY7EPvhQw7iTvMYjWn)] { + _bn: + } + }, + { + account: { + data: [Object], + executable: false, + lamports: 2039280, + owner: [PublicKey [PublicKey(TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA)]], + rentEpoch: 18446744073709552000, + space: 165 + }, + pubkey: PublicKey [PublicKey(7EyFQhPg4S61U1FHnbL7BK1pnhFFyGLGXc6C99RGJCei)] { + _bn: + } + } +] +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/04-get/index.ts b/04-get/index.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..473956a --- /dev/null +++ b/04-get/index.ts @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +import { Connection, PublicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from '@solana/web3.js'; + +const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com", "confirmed"); +// const connection = new Connection("https://mainnet-ams.chainbuff.com", "confirmed"); + +async function main() { + + // 1. getSlot + const slot = await connection.getSlot(); + console.log(`当前slot: ${slot}\n`); + + // 2. getBalance + // const balance = await connection.getBalance(new PublicKey("CXPeim1wQMkcTvEHx9QdhgKREYYJD8bnaCCqPRwJ1to1")); + // console.log(`J1to1余额: ${balance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL\n`); + + // 3. getTokenAccountBalance + // const tokenAccountBalance = await connection.getTokenAccountBalance(new PublicKey("HGtAdvmncQSk59mAxdh2M7GTUq1aB9WTwh7w7LwvbTBT")); + // console.log(`token账户余额: ${JSON.stringify(tokenAccountBalance)}\n`); + + // 4. getFirstAvailableBlock + // const firstAvailableBlock = await connection.getFirstAvailableBlock(); + // console.log(`首个可用区块: ${firstAvailableBlock}\n`); + + // 5. getLatestBlockhash + // const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash(); + // console.log(`最新区块哈希: ${latestBlockhash.blockhash}\n`); + + // 6. getParsedAccountInfo + // const parsedAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(new PublicKey('8sLbNZoA1cfnvMJLPfp98ZLAnFSYCFApfJKMbiXNLwxj'), "confirmed"); + // console.log("已解析的账户信息：", parsedAccountInfo) + + // 7. getParsedTransaction + // const parsedTransaction = await connection.getParsedTransaction('3Vfp5qPhF14bNb2jLtTccabCDbHUmxqtXerUvPEjKb6RpJ8jU3H9M9JgcUbDPtgesB3WFP9M8VZTzECgBavnjxaC', { + // commitment: "confirmed", + // maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0 + // }); + // console.log(`已解析的交易: ${JSON.stringify(parsedTransaction)}\n`); + + // 8. getSignaturesForAddress + // const signatures = await connection.getSignaturesForAddress(new PublicKey("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"), { + // limit: 3 + // }); + // console.log(`最近的3笔交易签名: ${JSON.stringify(signatures)}\n`); + + // 9. getTokenAccountsByOwner + // const tokenAccountsByOwner = await connection.getTokenAccountsByOwner(new PublicKey("web3xFMwEPrc92NeeXdAigni95NDnnd2NPuajTirao2"), { + // mint: new PublicKey("EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v") + // }, "confirmed"); + // console.log(`token账户: ${JSON.stringify(tokenAccountsByOwner)}\n`); + + // 10. getTokenLargestAccounts + // const tokenLargestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(new PublicKey("Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump")); + // console.log(`20个token最大持有者账户: ${JSON.stringify(tokenLargestAccounts)}\n`); + + // 11. getTokenSupply + // const supplyInfo = await connection.getTokenSupply(new PublicKey('EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v')); + // console.log(`Total supply: ${supplyInfo.value.amount}\n`); + + // 12. getParsedProgramAccounts + // const mintAddress = new PublicKey("Dp4fXozKtwgK1cL5KQeeNbuAgFpJtY3FbAvL8JrWpump") + // const accounts = await connection.getParsedProgramAccounts(new PublicKey('TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA'), { + // filters: [ + // { + // dataSize: 165, // Token 账户的数据大小是 165 字节 + // }, + // { + // memcmp: { + // offset: 0, // 0 偏移表示 Token Mint 地址的位置 + // bytes: mintAddress.toBase58(), + // }, + // }, + // ], + // }); + // console.log("前3个账户:", accounts.slice(0, 3)) + +} + +main(); \ No newline at end of file