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OOMAnalyser.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--
HTML for OOMAnalyser
Copyright (c) 2017-2024 Carsten Grohmann
License: MIT (see LICENSE.txt)
THIS PROGRAM COMES WITH NO WARRANTY
-->
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script defer="defer" src="OOMAnalyser.js"></script>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>OOMAnalyser</title>
<style>
/* Use BEM (Block__Element--Modifier) naming convention */
body {
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; /* use a sans-serif font to improve page look */
line-height: 1.5; /* increase readability */
padding: 1em;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
line-height: normal; /* reset line-height in all tables */
}
.text--align-right {
text-align: right;
}
.text__superscript {
vertical-align: super;
font-size: 0.83em;
}
.js-text--default-hide {
/* empty - used with JS to hide elements in the default view
*
* OOMDisplay.set_html_defaults() hides all elements by
* adding "js-text--display-none" to classList.
*/
}
.js-text--default-show {
/* empty - used with JS to show elements in the default view
*
* OOMDisplay.set_html_defaults() shows all elements by
* removing "js-text--display-none" from classList.
*/
}
.js-text--display-none {
/* hide elements
*
* The visibility of elements will be toggled with JS.
* OOMAnalyser.show_elements(), OOMAnalyser.hide_elements() and
* OOMAnalyser.toggle_elements() are used to control the
* visibility.
*
* Set js-text--display-none to prevent flickering between loading
* the page and setting default values with
* OOMDisplay.set_html_defaults().
*/
display: none;
}
.table__sub-section--bold {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: medium;
padding: 5px;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover, a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.a--small {
font-size: small;
font-weight: unset;
padding: unset;
}
.a__footnote {
vertical-align: super;
font-size: 0.83em;
}
.h2--no-newline {
/* Prevent a linebreak after headline to a place a link on the same line */
/* Place such headlines within a div container if the next element can be invisible */
display: inline-block;
}
.js-mem-usage__svg {
display: block;
}
.js-alloc-failure--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show detailed allocation failure analysis */
}
.js-alloc-failure-below-low-watermark--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for failed memory allocations */
}
.js-alloc-failure-no-free-chunks--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for failed memory allocations */
}
.js-alloc-failure-unknown-reason-show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for failed memory allocations */
}
.js-kernel-upgrade64--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for kernel upgrade to 64-bit */
}
.js-killed-proc-score--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show OOM score of killed process */
}
.js-memory-fragmentation--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for memory fragmentation */
}
.js-memory-heavy-fragmentation--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for memory fragmentation */
}
.js-memory-no-heavy-fragmentation--show {
/* empty - used to hide/show details for memory fragmentation */
}
.js-memory-shortage-node--hide {
/* empty - used to show the NUMA node with memory shortage */
}
.js-oom-automatic--show {
/* empty - used to show sections for automatically triggered OOMs */
}
.js-oom-manual--show {
/* empty - used to show sections for manually triggered OOMs */
}
.js-pagesize-guessed--show {
/* empty - used to show if the page size is guessed */
}
.js-pagesize-determined--show {
/* empty - used to show if the page size is determined */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col0 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col1 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col2 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col3 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col4 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col5 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col6 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col7 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col8 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-pstable_sort_col9 {
/* empty - used to sort process table */
}
.js-swap-active--show {
/* empty - used to show if the swap space is activated */
}
.js-swap-inactive--show {
/* empty - used to show if the swap space is not activated */
}
.result__table {
padding: 10px;
table-layout: fixed;
text-align: left;
width: 100%;
}
.result__table--size-col-1 {
width: 300px;
}
.result__table--border {
padding: 10px;
}
.pstable__table--noborder {
background-color: unset;
border: none;
line-height: normal;
table-layout: fixed;
text-align: right;
}
.pstable__table--noborder thead * {
border: none; /* overwrite the generic th/td settings */
font-weight: bold;
padding-right: unset;
padding-left: unset;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.pstable__table--noborder tbody * {
border: none; /* overwrite the generic th/td settings */
padding-bottom: unset;
padding-top: unset;
padding-left: 5px;
padding-right: 18px;
}
/* Align last both columns to left in the process table */
.pstable__table--noborder td:nth-of-type(9) {
text-align: left;
}
.pstable__table--noborder td:nth-of-type(10) {
text-align: left;
}
.js-pstable__killedproc--bgcolor {
background-color: #FFD2D2;
}
.js-pstable__triggerproc--bgcolor {
background-color: #FEEFB3;
}
.pstable__row-numeric--width {
width: 10ch;
}
.pstable__row-pages--width {
width: 16ch;
}
.pstable__row-oom-score-adj--width {
width: 16ch;
}
.pstable__row-notes--width {
width: 20ch;
}
.pstable__row-sort--width {
display: inline-block;
padding-left: unset;
padding-right: unset;
width: 10px;
}
th {
font-size: large;
font-weight: bold;
padding: 5px;
}
th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 5px;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
.js-notify_box__msg--debug {
color: #000000;
background-color: #e8ffb3;
}
.js-notify_box__msg--error {
color: #D8000C;
background-color: #FFD2D2;
}
.js-notify_box__msg--warning {
color: #9F6000;
background-color: #FEEFB3;
}
.license__text {
font-size: small;
}
.notify_box {
width: 100%;
}
.terminal {
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
}
.table-of-contents {
float: right;
width: 40%;
background: #eee;
font-size: 0.8em;
padding: 1em 2em;
margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em;
}
.table-of-contents ul {
padding: 0;
padding-right: 2em;
padding-left: 1em;
}
.table-of-contents li {
margin: 0 0 0.25em 0;
}
</style>
<script>
function goBack() {
window.history.back();
}
// Add listener after the document has been loaded completely
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
let dropArea = document.getElementById('input');
dropArea.addEventListener('drop', file_dragged, false);
})
// Event handler triggered if a file has been dragged
function file_dragged(event) {
let file = event.dataTransfer.files[0]
event.preventDefault()
read_and_display_file(file)
return true;
}
// Read and display local file
function read_and_display_file(file) {
let reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = function(e) {
let textarea_oom = document.getElementById('textarea_oom')
textarea_oom.value = reader.result;
}
reader.readAsText(file);
}
// Report uncaught errors to the user
window.onerror = function (msg, url, lineNo, columnNo, errorObj) {
let text = `INTERNAL ERROR:<br>${msg} at ${url}:${lineNo}:${columnNo}<br> `
if ('__args__' in errorObj && errorObj.__args__ !== undefined) {
text += `Details: ${errorObj.__args__} <br>`
}
if ('stack' in errorObj && errorObj.stack !== undefined) {
text += `Stack trace:</br>${errorObj.stack.replaceAll('\n', '<br>')}`
}
let notify_box = document.getElementById('notify_box')
notify_box.classList.remove('js-text--display-none')
let notification = document.createElement('div')
notification.classList.add('js-notify_box__msg--error')
notification.innerHTML = text
notify_box.appendChild(notification)
// true - don't propagate the event to the default handler
return true
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Analyse and explain Linux OOM output</h1>
<nav class="table-of-contents" id="table_of_contents">
<h2>On this page</h2>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
<p>
OOMAnalyser is a web page to analyse and explain the OOM message of a Linux kernel. The analysis is performed
automatically in the browser. You get a summary and a list of (almost) all parameters with their values and a
short explanation. Among them are also 2 diagrams that illustrate the memory usage.
</p>
<p>
OOMAnalyser consists of a web page where the OOM message is copied into the input field. JavaScript code extracts
the data and displays the details. All processing takes place in the browser. No data is transferred to any server.
Therefore, confidential OOM messages can also be analyzed, and the analysis can be performed in environments
without an Internet connection.
</p>
<p>
This project is written in <a href="https://www.python.org">Python</a> and uses
<a href="https://www.transcrypt.org/">Transcrypt</a> to translate Python code into JavaScript.
</p>
<p>
<div class="terminal notify_box js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none" id="notify_box"></div>
<div class="js-text--default-show" id="input">
<h2 id="step1">Step 1 - Enter your OOM message</h2>
<textarea autocomplete="off" cols="100" id="textarea_oom"
placeholder="<Paste your OOM here, drag & drop a file or use the file dialog below>"
rows="20" title="OOM input field"></textarea>
<br>
<div>
<input accept=".txt,.log" onchange="read_and_display_file(this.files[0])" type="file">
</div>
<br>
<button onclick="OOMAnalyser.OOMDisplayInstance.analyse_and_show()"
title="Analyse the OOM from the input area and show it" type="button">Analyse OOM block</button>
<button onclick="OOMAnalyser.OOMDisplayInstance.reset_form()"
title="Clean the input area" type="reset">Reset form</button>
<select id="examples" name="examples" onchange="OOMAnalyser.OOMDisplayInstance.copy_example_to_form()">
<option value="empty">Select an example:</option>
<option value="RHEL7">Insert RHEL7 example, Kernel 3.10, swap enabled</option>
<option value="Ubuntu_2110">Insert Ubuntu 21.10 example, Kernel 5.13, swap disabled</option>
<option value="ArchLinux">Insert ArchLinux example, Kernel 6.1.1, swap enabled</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none" id="analysis">
<h2 id="step2">Step 2 - Results</h2>
<p>
Go back to
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="OOMAnalyser.OOMDisplayInstance.reset_form()" title="Run a new analysis">"Step 1 - Enter your OOM message"</a>
to run a new analysis.
</p>
<h3 id="summary">Summary</h3>
<div id="explanation">
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-oom-automatic--show">
<p>
The OOM killer was automatically triggered to free memory, because the system couldn't satisfy the
memory request.
The OOM killer calculates a score for each process and terminates the process with the highest score
to satisfy the original memory request.
</p>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-oom-manual--show">
<p>
The OOM killer was manually triggered (e.g. with "<code>echo f > /proc/sysrq-trigger</code>")
by a user with root privileges. There is no demand to free memory but the OOM killer started
nevertheless. The OOM killer calculates a score for each process and terminates the process with the
highest score.
</p>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-swap-active--show">
<p>
The system has <span class="system_total_ram_kb"></span> physical memory and
<span class="swap_total_kb"></span> swap space. That's <span class="system_total_ramswap_kb"></span>
total. <span class="system_total_used_percent"></span>
(<span class="system_total_ram_used_kb"></span> out of <span class="system_total_ram_kb"></span>)
physical memory and <span class="system_swap_used_percent"></span>
(<span class="swap_used_kb"></span> out of <span class="swap_total_kb"></span>) swap space are in use.
</p>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-swap-inactive--show">
<p>
The system has <span class="system_total_ram_kb"></span> physical memory and no swap space.
<span class="system_total_used_percent"></span>
(<span class="system_total_ram_used_kb"></span> out of <span class="system_total_ram_kb"></span>)
physical memory are in use.
</p>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-oom-automatic--show">
<p>
The process "<span class="trigger_proc_name"></span>" (PID <span class="trigger_proc_pid"></span>)
requested a memory chunk of order <span class="trigger_proc_order"></span> from the
"<span class="trigger_proc_mem_zone"></span>" memory zone.
This is 2<span class="text__superscript">order</span> pages ==
2<span class="trigger_proc_order text__superscript"></span> pages ==
<span class="trigger_proc_requested_memory_pages"></span>
a <span class="page_size_kb"></span> ==
<span class="trigger_proc_requested_memory_pages_kb"></span> memory.
</p>
</div>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-alloc-failure--show">
<p>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-alloc-failure-below-low-watermark--show">
The request failed because the free memory would be below the memory low watermark
after its completion.
</span>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-alloc-failure-no-free-chunks--show">
If this requirement was satisfied, the free memory would still be above the low memory watermark.
The request failed because there is no free chunk in the current or higher order.
</span>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-alloc-failure-unknown-reason-show">
The request failed, but the reason is unknown.
</span>
This memory shortage triggers the OOM process.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The process "<span class="killed_proc_name"></span>"
(PID <span class="killed_proc_pid"></span>)
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-killed-proc-score--show">
with an OOM score of <span class="killed_proc_score"></span>
</span>
has been terminated. It uses <span class="killed_proc_rss_percent"></span>
(<span class="killed_proc_total_rss_kb"></span>) of the resident memory.
</p>
<div class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-memory-fragmentation--show">
<p>
Dynamic memory allocation is used by both the kernel and all applications. This leads to memory
fragmentation and is a common behavior.
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-memory-heavy-fragmentation--show">
The system memory is heavily fragmented, because all chunks with an order ≥
<span class="kconfig.PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER"></span> are in use. Allocation of larger contiguous
memory areas will fail.
<br>
The amount of fragmentation depends on the software run on the system and the best fix would be
to improve the software that causes heavy fragmentation. If that's not possible, compacting the
memory (memory defragmentation) can be triggered more often.
</span>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-memory-no-heavy-fragmentation--show">
The system memory is not heavily fragmented, because chunks with an order ≥
<span class="kconfig.PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER"></span> are freely available.
</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="corrective_actions">Corrective Actions</h3>
<p>
Top this list are the actions that have the greatest impact on preventing OOMs.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
Use an appropriate memory setup, i.e., configure your server with enough memory to run your workload
or configure your application to use only the available memory.
</li>
<li>
Improve software that causes memory fragmentation, or ask the software vendor to improve it.
</li>
<li class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-kernel-upgrade64--show">
The system has a 32-bit kernel. Consider upgrading to a 64-bit kernel
as the memory zone setup has been improved.
</li>
<li>
Trigger memory compaction manually to provide more contiguous blocks of free memory.
Write <code>1</code> to <code>/proc/sys/vm/compact_memory</code>.
</li>
<li>
Try different memory tunables to run memory compaction more aggressively. This may postpone the OOM
event until later, but of course will not prevent it.
<ol>
<li>
increase <code>/proc/sys/vm/watermark_scale_factor</code>
</li>
<li>
increase <code>/proc/sys/vm/watermark_boost_factor</code>
</li>
<li>
enable a more aggressive approaches to memory reclaim by writing <code>3</code> to
<code>/proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode</code>
</li>
<li>
decrease the value <code>/proc/sys/vm/extfrag_threshold</code> to start memory compaction earlier
</li>
</ol>
More aggressive memory defragmentation can cause latency spikes during its execution.
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="details">Details of analysis</h3>
<p>
The result of the analysis is displayed in three columns. The first column is used to name the property
including the original OOM identifier in brackets. The extracted information is displayed in the second column.
The last column contains further details and additional information.
</p>
<table class="result__table">
<colgroup>
<col class="result__table--size-col-1">
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<!-- Trigger process -->
<tbody>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" scope="row">Trigger Process</th>
</tr>
<tr class="js-oom-automatic--show">
<td></td>
<td class="text--align-right"><span class="trigger_proc_name"></span> (PID <span class="trigger_proc_pid"></span>)</td>
<td>This process requests memory and is triggering thereby the OOM situation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Memory allocation flags<br>(gfp_mask)</td>
<td class="trigger_proc_gfp_mask text--align-right"></td>
<td>These flags are also called GFP (get free pages) flags. They control the kernel-internal memory
allocation.<br>
Some OOM variants include the individual flags in addition to the hexadecimal representation. The flags
are calculated if they are not specified.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Node mask to show on which CPU Cores this process can run<br>(nodemask)</td>
<td class="trigger_proc_nodemask text--align-right"></td>
<td>Bit mask indicating the cores on which the process can run.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-oom-automatic--show">
<td>Requested memory: order</td>
<td class="text--align-right">
<span class="trigger_proc_order"></span>
</td>
<td>The kernel specifies the requested number of pages as an exponent of a power of two.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-oom-automatic--show">
<td>Requested memory: number of pages</td>
<td class="text--align-right">
<span class="trigger_proc_requested_memory_pages"></span>
(2<span class="trigger_proc_order text__superscript"></span> pages) a
<span class="page_size_kb"></span> per page
</td>
<td>Requested memory in number of pages.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-oom-automatic--show">
<td>Requested memory: size</td>
<td class="text--align-right"><span class="trigger_proc_requested_memory_pages_kb"></span></td>
<td>Requested memory in kBytes.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-oom-automatic--show">
<td>Requested memory: zone</td>
<td class="trigger_proc_mem_zone text--align-right"></td>
<td>Memory zone from which the requested storage chunk should come.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-hide js-oom-automatic--show js-memory-shortage-node--hide">
<td>Requested memory: node</td>
<td class="trigger_proc_numa_node text--align-right"></td>
<td>
First NUMA node with memory shortage watermark <code>free < min </code> in memory watermark
information.
<br>
Assumption that this is the node where the OOM was triggered.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Adjust oom-killer score<br>(oom_score_adj)</td>
<td class="trigger_proc_oomscore text--align-right"></td>
<td>
This value is added to the badness score before it's used to determine the process to be killed.
</td>
</tr>
<!-- Killed Process -->
<tr>
<th scope="row" colspan="3">Killed Process</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="text--align-right">
<span class="killed_proc_name"></span>
(PID <span class="killed_proc_pid"></span>)
</td>
<td>Process killed by Linux kernel to satisfy the memory request.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-hide js-killed-proc-score--show">
<td>OOM Score<br>(score)</td>
<td class="killed_proc_score text--align-right"></td>
<td>Programs with the highest OOM score are terminated first.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Virtual Memory <br> (total_vm) </td>
<td class="killed_proc_total_vm_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Virtual memory used by this process.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total resident anonymous memory <br> (rss)</td>
<td class="killed_proc_total_rss_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>
All virtual process memory mapped into RAM. Normally, a process always requests more virtual memory
than it uses. <br>
<code>TotalRSS = anon-rss + file-rss + shmem-rss</code> <br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Resident anonymous memory <br> (anon-rss)</td>
<td class="killed_proc_anon_rss_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Resident anonymous pages <br> Part of the virtual process memory mapped into RAM.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Resident file mapping memory <br> (file-rss)</td>
<td class="killed_proc_file_rss_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Resident file mapping pages <br> Files which have been mapped into RAM (with
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mmap.2.html">mmap(2).</a>)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Resident shared memory <br> (shmem-rss)</td>
<td class="killed_proc_shmem_rss_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Resident shared memory pages <br>
This may include System V shared memory and shared anonymous memory.
</td>
</tr>
<!-- Memory Usage -->
<tr>
<th colspan="3" scope="row">Memory Usage</th>
</tr>
<!-- Graphs -->
<tr>
<th class="table__sub-section--bold" colspan="3" scope="row">Graphs</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RAM Summary</td>
<td class="result__table--border" colspan="2"><div id="svg_ram"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-active--show">
<td>Swap Summary</td>
<td class="result__table--border" colspan="2"><div id="svg_swap"></div></td>
</tr>
<!-- Swap Usage -->
<tr class="js-text--default-show">
<th class="table__sub-section--bold" colspan="3" scope="row">Swap Usage</th>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-inactive--show">
<td colspan="3">No swap space available</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-active--show">
<td>Swap Total</td>
<td class="swap_total_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Total amount of swap space available.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-active--show">
<td>Swap Free</td>
<td class="swap_free_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Amount of swap space that is currently unused.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-active--show">
<td>Swap Cached</td>
<td class="swap_cache_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in
but still also is in the swap file. (If memory pressure
is high, these pages don't need to be swapped out
again because they are already in the swap file. This
saves I/O).
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="js-text--default-show js-swap-active--show">
<td>Swap Used</td>
<td class="swap_used_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>Amount of used swap space w/o cached swap <br>
(<code>SwapUsed = SwapTotal - SwapFree -SwapCache</code>)
</td>
</tr>
<!-- Page Usage -->
<tr>
<th class="table__sub-section--bold" colspan="3" scope="row">Memory Pages</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RAM pages</td>
<td class="ram_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Total number of RAM pages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HighMem/MovableOnly</td>
<td class="highmem_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Number of pages in the High Memory Area or marked movable for Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA).
<br>
HighMem pages are also counted in the total page number.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Reserved pages</td>
<td class="reserved_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Number of reserved pages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CMA reserved pages</td>
<td class="cma_pages text--align-right">0</td>
<td>Pages reserved for Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pagetable Cache</td>
<td class="pagetablecache_pages text--align-right">0</td>
<td>Number of pages in pagetable cache</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Number of pages with hardware errors</td>
<td class="hwpoisoned_pages text--align-right">0</td>
<td>Pages with uncorrectable memory errors</td>
</tr>
<!-- Memory Usage Details -->
<tr>
<th class="table__sub-section--bold" colspan="3" scope="row">Memory Usage Details</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Active anonymous memory <br> (active_anon)</td>
<td class="active_anon_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Recently used anonymous memory.<br>
These memory pages are not normally swapped out.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Inactive anonymous memory <br> (inactive_anon)</td>
<td class="inactive_anon_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Least recently used anonymous memory.<br>
These memory pages can be swapped out.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Isolated anonymous memory <br> (isolated_anon)</td>
<td class="isolated_anon_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Memory isolation is used to separate memory between different virtual machines.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Active Pagecache <br> (active_file)</td>
<td class="active_file_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Pagecache that has been used more recently and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Inactive Pagecache <br> (inactive_file)</td>
<td class="inactive_file_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Pagecache which has been less recently used. It can be reclaimed without huge performance impact.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Isolated Pagecache <br> (isolated_file)</td>
<td class="isolated_file_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Memory isolation is used to separate memory between different virtual machines.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Unevictable Pages <br> (unevictable)</td>
<td class="unevictable_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Unevictable memory. It can't be swapped out because the pages are owned by ramfs or protected by
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/mlock.5.html" target="_blank">mlock(3)</a> /
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/shmctl.2.html" target="_blank">shmctl(SHM_LOCK)</a>.
Unevictable pages are managed by kernels LRU framework.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dirty Pages <br> (dirty)</td>
<td class="dirty_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Memory which is waiting to get written back to the disk.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Writeback <br> (writeback)</td>
<td class="writeback_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Memory which is actively being written back to the disk.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Unstable <br> (unstable)</td>
<td class="unstable_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Not yet committed to stable storage.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slab Reclaimable <br> (slab_reclaimable)</td>
<td class="slab_reclaimable_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Slab is an in-kernel data structures cache. Part of Slab, that might be reclaimed, such as caches.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
<br>
Additional details are listed in
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/slabinfo.5.html" target="_blank">slabinfo(5)</a> also.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slab Unreclaimable <br> (slab_unreclaimable)</td>
<td class="slab_unreclaimable_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Part of Slab, that cannot be reclaimed on memory pressure.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mapped <br> (mapped)</td>
<td class="mapped_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Files which have been mapped into memory (with
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mmap.2.html">mmap(2)</a>), such as libraries.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shared Memory <br> (shmem)</td>
<td class="shmem_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Amount of memory consumed in
<a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/tmpfs.5.html">tmpfs(5)</a>
filesystems.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pagetables <br> (pagetables)</td>
<td class="pagetables_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Amount of memory dedicated to the lowest level of pagetables.
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bounce <br> (bounce)</td>
<td class="bounce_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>
Memory used for block device "bounce buffers".
<a class="a__footnote" href="#footnote-proc5">[1]</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Free pages <br> (free)</td>
<td class="free_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Free pages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Free per-CPU pages <br> (free_pcp)</td>
<td class="free_pcp_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Free number of pages per CPU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Free CMA pages <br> (free_cma)</td>
<td class="free_cma_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Pages reserved but not used by Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total Pagecache</td>
<td class="pagecache_total_pages text--align-right"></td>
<td>Total number of pages in pagecache</td>
</tr>
<!-- Operating System -->
<tr>
<th scope="row" colspan="3">Operating System</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel</td>
<td class="kernel_version text--align-right text--align-right"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Distribution</td>
<td class="dist text--align-right text--align-right"></td>
<td>Guessed from the kernel version</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Platform</td>
<td class="platform text--align-right text--align-right"></td>
<td>Guessed from the kernel version</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Page size</td>
<td class="page_size_kb text--align-right"></td>
<td>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-pagesize-determined--show">
Extracted from DMA zone buddyinfo
</span>
<span class="js-text--default-hide js-text--display-none js-pagesize-guessed--show">
Guessed
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- Memory Chunks -->
<tr>
<th colspan="3" scope="row">Available Memory Chunks</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2" class="terminal">
<pre class="mem_node_info"></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- Memory watermarks -->
<tr>